Super-squash branch 'main' using huggingface_hub

Co-authored-by: anton-l <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: loubnabnl <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: thomwolf <[email protected]>

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+*.7z filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.arrow filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.bin filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.bz2 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.ckpt filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.ftz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.gz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.h5 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.joblib filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.lfs.* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.lz4 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.mlmodel filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.model filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.msgpack filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.npy filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.npz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.onnx filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.ot filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.parquet filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pb filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pickle filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pkl filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pt filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.pth filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.rar filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.safetensors filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+saved_model/**/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tar.* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tar filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tflite filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tgz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.wasm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.xz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.zst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*tfevents* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+# Audio files - uncompressed
+*.pcm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.sam filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.raw filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+# Audio files - compressed
+*.aac filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.flac filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.mp3 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.ogg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.wav filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+# Image files - uncompressed
+*.bmp filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.gif filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.tiff filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+# Image files - compressed
+*.jpg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.jpeg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.webp filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+---
+license: odc-by
+task_categories:
+  - text-generation
+language:
+  - en
+pretty_name: FineWeb-Edu
+size_categories:
+  - n>1T
+configs:
+  - config_name: default
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/*/*
+  - config_name: sample-10BT
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: sample/10BT/*
+  - config_name: sample-100BT
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: sample/100BT/*
+  - config_name: sample-350BT
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: sample/350BT/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2024-51
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2024-46
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2024-46/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2024-42
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2024-38
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2024-38/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2024-33
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2024-33/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2024-30
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2024-30/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2024-26
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2024-26/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2024-22
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2024-22/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2024-18
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2024-10
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2023-50
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2023-40
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2023-23
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2023-14
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2023-06
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2022-49
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2022-40
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2022-33
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2022-27
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2022-21
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2022-05
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2021-49
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2021-43
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2021-39
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2021-31
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2021-25
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2021-21
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2021-17
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2021-10
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2021-04
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2020-50
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2020-45
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2020-40
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2020-34
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2020-29
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2020-24
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2020-16
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2020-10
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2020-05
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-51
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-47
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-43
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-39
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-35
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-30
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-26
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-22
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-18
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-13
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-09
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2019-04
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-51
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-47
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-43
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-39
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-34
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-30
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-26
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-22
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-17
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-13
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-09
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2018-05
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-51
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-47
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-43
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-39
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-34
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-30
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-26
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-22
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-17
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-13
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-09
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2017-04
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2016-50
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2016-44
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2016-40
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2016-36
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2016-30
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2016-26
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2016-22
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2016-18
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2016-07
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2015-48
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2015-40
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2015-35
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2015-32
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2015-27
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2015-22
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2015-18
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2015-14
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2015-11
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2015-06
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2014-52
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2014-49
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2014-42
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2014-41
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2014-35
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2014-23
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2014-15
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2014-10
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2013-48
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/*
+  - config_name: CC-MAIN-2013-20
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/*
+---
+
+# 📚 FineWeb-Edu 
+<center>
+    <img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61c141342aac764ce1654e43/wwRnEQydH9qdRtFofIE-A.png" alt="FineWeb-Edu: The finest collection of educational content the web has to offer">
+</center>
+
+> 1.3 trillion tokens of the finest educational data the 🌐 web has to offer
+
+**Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.17557
+
+## What is it?
+
+📚 FineWeb-Edu  dataset consists of **1.3T tokens**  and  **5.4T tokens** ([FineWeb-Edu-score-2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu-score-2)) of educational web pages filtered from 🍷 FineWeb dataset. This is the 1.3 trillion version.
+
+To enhance FineWeb's quality, we developed an [educational quality classifier](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu-classifier) using annotations generated by LLama3-70B-Instruct. We then used this classifier to retain only the most educational web pages. FineWeb-Edu outperforms FineWeb on popular benchmarks and shows the power of classifiers trained on synthetic data. 
+
+The [Dataset Curation](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu#dataset-curation) section details the process for creating the dataset.
+
+![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61c141342aac764ce1654e43/QqXOM8h_ZjjhuCv71xmV7.png)
+
+You can find a deduplicated version of FineWeb-edu in [SmolLM-Corpus](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus). We find that the deduplication of this dataset doesn't have any impact on model performance in our ablation setup (1.8B trained on 350B tokens).
+
+## What is being released?
+
+Along with the dataset, which includes all filtered CommonCrawl dumps since 2013, we also release the educational classifier used for the filtering as well as the code for training it and running inference at: https://github.com/huggingface/cosmopedia/tree/main/classification 
+
+## Changelog
+_Previous versions remain available in the branch `version name`._
+
+- **v1.2.0 (03-01-2025):** Added 9 new snapshots: `CC-MAIN-2024-18`, `CC-MAIN-2024-22`, `CC-MAIN-2024-26`, `CC-MAIN-2024-30`, `CC-MAIN-2024-33`, `CC-MAIN-2024-38`, `CC-MAIN-2024-42`, `CC-MAIN-2024-46`, `CC-MAIN-2024-51`, covering April to December 2024.
+- **v1.0.0 (02-06-2024):** Initial version
+
+
+## How to load the dataset
+Similarily to FineWeb, You can load the full dataset or a specific crawl/dump. Dumps have the format `CC-MAIN-(year)-(week number)`.
+
+### (Smaller) sample versions
+Along with config `default` (all the data), and the configs for each individual dump, you can also download the following configs:
+- `sample-350BT`: a subset randomly sampled from the whole dataset of around 350B gpt2 tokens 
+- `sample-100BT`: a subset randomly sampled from the whole dataset of around 100B gpt2 tokens 
+- `sample-10BT`: a subset randomly sampled from the whole dataset of around 10B gpt2 tokens 
+
+`sample-10BT` was sampled from `sample-100BT` which in turn was sampled from `sample-350BT`.
+
+### Using 🏭 [`datatrove`](https://github.com/huggingface/datatrove/)
+
+```python
+from datatrove.pipeline.readers import ParquetReader
+
+# limit determines how many documents will be streamed (remove for all)
+data_reader = ParquetReader("hf://datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu", glob_pattern="data/*/*.parquet", limit=1000)
+# or to fetch a specific dump CC-MAIN-2024-10,  eplace "CC-MAIN-2024-10" with "sample/100BT" to use the 100BT sample
+data_reader = ParquetReader("hf://datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu/CC-MAIN-2024-10", limit=1000) 
+for document in data_reader():
+    # do something with document
+    print(document)
+
+###############################    
+# OR for a processing pipeline:
+###############################
+
+from datatrove.executor import LocalPipelineExecutor
+from datatrove.pipeline.readers import ParquetReader
+from datatrove.pipeline.filters import LambdaFilter
+from datatrove.pipeline.writers import JsonlWriter
+
+pipeline_exec = LocalPipelineExecutor(
+    pipeline=[
+        # replace "CC-MAIN-2024-10" with "sample/100BT" to use the 100BT sample
+        ParquetReader("hf://datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu/CC-MAIN-2024-10", limit=1000),
+        LambdaFilter(lambda doc: "hugging" in doc.text),
+        JsonlWriter("some-output-path")
+    ],
+    tasks=10
+)
+pipeline_exec.run()
+```
+
+### Using `datasets`
+
+```python
+from datasets import load_dataset
+# use name="sample-10BT" to use the 10BT sample
+fw = load_dataset("HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu", name="CC-MAIN-2024-10", split="train", streaming=True)
+```
+
+## Dataset curation
+A new approach has recently emerged for filtering LLM training datasets: using synthetic data to develop classifiers for identifying educational content. This technique was used in the trainings of [LLama3](https://ai.meta.com/blog/meta-llama-3-meta-ai-responsibility/) and [Phi3](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.14219), but its large-scale impact on web data filtering hasn't been fully explored or published.
+
+The highly popular Phi3 models were trained on 3.3 and 4.8 trillion tokens, with the paper stating: “Our training data consists of heavily filtered publicly available web data (according to the 'educational level') from various open internet sources, as well as synthetic LLM-generated data". Similarly, the LLama3 blog post notes: “We found that previous generations of Llama are good at identifying high-quality data, so we used Llama 2 to help build the text-quality classifiers that are powering Llama 3.” However these classifiers and filtered datasets are not publicly available. To enhance FineWeb's quality, we developed an educational quality classifier using annotations generated by [LLama3-70B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct) to create FineWeb-Edu.
+
+### Annotation
+We used [Llama3-70B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct) to score 500k FineWeb samples for their educational quality on a scale from 0 to 5.
+
+We explored various prompts and found that the additive scale by [Yuan et al.](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.10020) worked best. To avoid the LLM favoring highly technical pages like arXiv abstracts and submissions, we focused on grade-school and middle-school level knowledge. By setting a threshold of 3 (on a scale of 0 to 5) during the filtering process, we were able to also retain some high-level educational pages. The final prompt can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu-classifier/blob/main/utils/prompt.txt).
+
+We also experimented with different LLMs: Llama3-70B-Instruct, Mixtral-8x-7B-Instruct, and Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct. Llama 3 and Mixtral-8x22B produced similar scores, while Mixtral-8x7B tended to be more generous, not fully adhering to the score scale. Verga et al. suggest using multiple LLMs as juries. We tried averaging the scores from the three models, but this shifted the distribution to the right due to the higher scores from Mixtral-8x7B. Training on a dataset filtered with a classifier using jury annotations performed worse than using a classifier based on Llama3 annotations. We hypothesize that the jury-based approach retains more low-quality samples.
+
+### Classifier training
+We fine-tuned a Bert-like regression model using these annotations, based on [Snowflake-arctic-embed](https://huggingface.co/Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m). When converted to a binary classification  using a score of 3 as a threshold for keeping and removing files, the model achieved an F1 score of 82%. The classification of FineWeb 15T tokens took 6k H100 GPU hours.
+
+The classifier is available at: [HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu-classifier/](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu-classifier/)
+
+### Filtering and results
+**Note**: You can find more details about the ablations and results in the FineWeb [blog post](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceFW/blogpost-fineweb-v1).
+
+We investigated the impact of using different thresholds for the filtering and found that threshold 3 gave the best overall results. Although using a threshold higher than 3 improves performance on knowledge and reasoning intensive benchmarks, it significantly degrades performance on HellaSwag and PIQA.
+
+We then built 📚 FineWeb-Edu by filtering out samples with scores lower than 3. This removed 92% of the dataset, leaving us with 1.3T educational tokens. Our ablation demonstrated that this refined dataset surpasses 🍷 FineWeb and all other open web datasets, with remarkable improvements on educational benchmarks such as MMLU, ARC, and OpenBookQA. The plot below compares FineWeb-Edu to other web datasets:
+ 
+![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61c141342aac764ce1654e43/hJlyTgDzZpYuxO9LUm0PF.png)
+
+To retain more tokens, we also experimented with a less strict threshold of 2 instead of 3. While being less performant than using threshold 3, it still outperformed FineWeb and it preserved 5.4T tokens. We release these two dataset as [FineWeb-Edu](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu) and [FineWeb-Edu-score-2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu-score-2) along with the [classifier](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu-classifier).
+
+You will find all the ablation models in [this collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/HuggingFaceFW/ablation-models-662457b0d213e8c14fe47f32). The FineWeb-Edu ablation model (trained on 350B tokens) is available at [https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceFW/ablation-model-fineweb-edu](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceFW/ablation-model-fineweb-edu).
+
+## Considerations for Using the Data
+This section is copied from the parent dataset: [FineWeb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb).
+
+### Social Impact of Dataset
+
+With the release of this dataset we aim to make model training more accessible to the machine learning community at large. 
+
+While multiple open-weights models with strong performance have been publicly released in the past, more often than not these releases are not accompanied by the corresponding training dataset. This is unfortunate as the dataset specificities and characteristics have been demonstrated to have a very large impact and role in the performances of the models. As the creation of a high quality training dataset is a fundamental requirement to training an LLM capable of excelling at downstream tasks, with 🍷 FineWeb we (a) not only make the dataset creation process more transparent, by sharing our entire processing setup including the codebase used, we also (b) help alleviate the costs of dataset curation, both in time and in compute, for model creators by publicly releasing our dataset with the community.
+
+### Discussion of Biases
+
+Efforts were made to minimize the amount of NSFW and toxic content present in the dataset by employing filtering on the URL level. However, there are still a significant number of documents present in the final dataset that could be considered toxic or contain harmful content. As 🍷 FineWeb was sourced from the web as a whole, any harmful biases typically present in it may be reproduced on our dataset.
+
+We deliberately avoided using machine learning filtering methods that define text quality based on the similarity to a “gold” source such as wikipedia or toxicity classifiers as these methods have been known to [disproportionately remove content in specific dialects](https://aclanthology.org/D16-1120/) and [overclassify as toxic text related to specific social identities](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.07445.pdf), respectively.
+
+### Other Known Limitations
+
+As a consequence of some of the filtering steps applied, it is likely that code content is not prevalent in our dataset. If you are training a model that should also perform code tasks, we recommend you use 🍷 FineWeb with a code dataset, such as [The Stack v2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/the-stack-v2). You should also probably consider complementing 🍷 FineWeb with specialized curated sources (such as Wikipedia, for example) as they will likely have better formatting than the wikipedia content included in 🍷 FineWeb (we did not tailor the processing to individual websites).
+
+## Additional Information
+
+### Licensing Information
+
+The dataset is released under the **Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By) v1.0** [license](https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1-0/). The use of this dataset is also subject to [CommonCrawl's Terms of Use](https://commoncrawl.org/terms-of-use).
+
+### Future work
+
+We plan to work on better educational classifier to improve the quality of FineWeb-Edu.
+
+### Citation Information
+
+You can cite our paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.17557 or this dataset:
+
+```
+@misc{lozhkov2024fineweb-edu,
+    author       = { Lozhkov, Anton and Ben Allal, Loubna and von Werra, Leandro and Wolf, Thomas },  
+    title        = { FineWeb-Edu: the Finest Collection of Educational Content }, 
+    year         = 2024,  
+    url          = { https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu },  
+    doi          = { 10.57967/hf/2497 },
+	publisher    = { Hugging Face }
+}
+```

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00000-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:fb989c566f6fba00ab61decc5f7aa1538a07d9b142e58a52ff790154528ffd03
+size 2369456837

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00001-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:90105b41a509da93651a4364127c83451f97de61e438074f86ece09dfd86961e
+size 2376360695

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00002-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:14fc9ec030a8f3a6dfee9a3286ab8eb979ec4cab3df1ad503779dc8dac631261
+size 2366714674

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00003-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:145d0a0d25d7f441febc08abc46fcff2c95bab8ebafbc1f96f343f9ca2b83285
+size 2349721791

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00004-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:1dce281f2924512c3f4c7ef9f39a6521bc04ca30b7fdcf7121ea9825316ff6de
+size 2347567335

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00005-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:ea40c90b2ef3565c3382c9954f3d80584ff81daf6ad65606b54265d9125962ec
+size 2344454381

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00006-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0acdafc24aa73112ee78f1c5f136e924b490a5d88f36677c1c444caa8507142b
+size 2336964549

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00007-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:68852a8748a3707e2eb5cb1bee0e4cb243588fc82d0552cfebf5741d42bbda92
+size 2320625373

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00008-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:11748c3f363cfa4aa456e59608222dd8fd6ee301ff9bdeb7eac57a46ed7bd5ab
+size 2307363915

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00009-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:4b02eb37467007501a9bb06284023222d4991e0a5f7960778bcca24f6a7be2cb
+size 2310654336

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00010-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:4f0fb9098157edb573d38a0cf9d27d6bf7718b13b0fb8a99e4bd8564434ba69c
+size 2294070592

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00011-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6e719a6f913aa3753e490f5170b1da5d82b5c82c8c82de2887530f2d82a9c874
+size 2294546063

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00012-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d7b0850b29f91c0bdfb0f3668379cd541d5c334bc23045e8aa89d31eeaacd7fc
+size 2295986307

data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/train-00013-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:71c607b1a2bc3cd304009b5601ac662041af1e0879506fd360c47d32de967d56
+size 2284902248

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00000-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:29db96009ac1de5a42336ec0ae4ec6fee3e8dd8aec4de1d1b50aa2b38478caec
+size 2329592314

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00001-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:db5fce1225d1b17bde6d3cd4f0148ae04e8580b7b8cd048c65f8d6414503e493
+size 2332353351

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00002-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:7c16a52b1c352d4a70aef14721f72a3886ab3a4a6a1c252ff285dc9fa5ade402
+size 2327303340

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00003-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:424a7bee659a160dc2d3a80e703e36439589850c126ebd1a4af8d010b840dd0f
+size 2316277195

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00004-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:1137697278aa528361f2e6fe241f299738949cabba15ce7e74990eeff682f0e5
+size 2295811884

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00005-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:aac083d0117e2b4e78d2b69b73c764020f26d6087d8a92bccb4a7a5c1ac2bbfd
+size 2299104720

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00006-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:3a15ec6b424d336be9a4c704fa85e8fe46407123bc6ccea6053057c4634ef165
+size 2278623295

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00007-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:5c0787aa05d46cc647796246b0fc93e2501bf0b53d9da45539d93c9184c20460
+size 2274629249

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00008-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:008397de104732df8a08417815510d27d9daa5ddea5d1f4409c39f527b442a10
+size 2273053146

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00009-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a994524b8aba4f1423b17cd1552c5c08fa77f5c086129c5ba7a86d72210c0738
+size 2269555721

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00010-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:126a0f67008354d253786f887e6dd65accf99b5414821d7454f893d4c187a36c
+size 2255912359

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00011-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d355beaec4969f4de01cc5c250ca6fe6f474b4e527d6e64219cb15fc2d885875
+size 2258788899

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00012-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:1d26c7bb689d9f5581baabd33d440e30096a68811f6e95358b858bbbad405541
+size 2252159861

data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/train-00013-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:8b4b9e8f331117c7210f967ddbc10decdebb3bd5267a5fbca9129ebe25be463e
+size 2251108466

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00000-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:301b3805b7b505ccb899f1ffab25f7d06e1d19d8ae221f4177044e04a1943e2b
+size 2378402603

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00001-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:73ccd40928affce688bcc23e19a9288eda67f20762850d7ed08fb8848657aad3
+size 2374581082

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00002-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:10d45b5276fd3f0b984bcb8e8079892aa169a11bdb0cccc7b92eed2b7bf1419d
+size 2370839030

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00003-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:03d6f43cae56c3747c49480167122782466a879b724cd2e473f2c736dcc41f2f
+size 2367174733

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00004-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d2356a49dc4bae1c726b3bc27f2e1fb93955f5393b12e987faf79702d72c1168
+size 2355201629

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00005-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:48bd01b21e42d698e77a7cd025b3ce63298e686a00786968d68dca743fd9bba5
+size 2353220675

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00006-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:4f091b04c2d26f7d39eb8ac5fef323798a2280276bd1a43d295038a35945935d
+size 2344324541

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00007-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:3be423a243289bc7afcaaa3566d9ceea9c027fd9daec6713040cae02ed3f6d8f
+size 2339577028

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00008-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:ef5afa503b1606af25c5e9d83a4a86974e27a0f58ef0db6f1a0ae493dfaee373
+size 2341770146

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00009-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:f6a9cabfbbbb018ada4c4f33d9bd00e0f82faf70b9c8c9c607f0d4f8671be3fa
+size 2329802974

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00010-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:9fc7c2d1cca1cb60cde18fe6c647edee6e69a5e0d187297430d43ae06752a241
+size 2325948344

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00011-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:b3d3a1ff655881b616b5bea1ccd120cbaffd5d0b0e1c5f587b86c24207a7a84a
+size 2324674557

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00012-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:67c4321416ea340f0aa9f42dbdbec5a002e17b67790d5d70f7483297b9bb0978
+size 2326385593

data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/train-00013-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:f0820fe329bc52566cdaf591499a5432bbfd932bdd972bfe1018d7e39b03f668
+size 2317814766

data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/train-00000-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:9da4ada954d1f1d0c8be46717bc59ed9364fb611768fa4b20423495d9672408a
+size 2271082635

data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/train-00001-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:86df6b7ab75933cf935cc86fba6e05ddc6862251a106a9a6c561a81b865b7230
+size 2276397299

data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/train-00002-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:ed1c7b21827aea13b8a66112e3e7ab82ca70793a2ad26418fd61ba26a3a2ad1b
+size 2276871097

data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/train-00003-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a73bdfb43bae173832151f71441e8702c9bd99a4810a20e71c974f2e8fd8a098
+size 2274158040

data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/train-00004-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:510e3c1cfc6b96efc4e5e89c9ea9103bc0dccc2ba45fbbff056507e6191d26af
+size 2263202434

data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/train-00005-of-00014.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:17fc24a67cc070942015ca26a71660265f70ab223f8e2fc7a1d289e60e883959
+size 2265126394