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config.json

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+{
+  "activation_dropout": 0.0,
+  "activation_function": "gelu",
+  "add_type_embedding": true,
+  "architectures": [
+    "TiOModel"
+  ],
+  "attention_dropout": 0.0,
+  "attn_scale_factor": 2.0,
+  "auto_map": {
+    "AutoConfig": "configuration_tio.TiOConfig",
+    "AutoModel": "modeling_tio.TiOModel",
+    "AutoModelForCausalLM": "modeling_tio.TiOModel",
+    "AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM": "modeling_tio.TiOModel",
+    "AutoModelForSequenceClassification": "modeling_tio.TiOModel"
+  },
+  "bos_token_id": 0,
+  "classifier_dropout": 0.0,
+  "code_image_size": 128,
+  "code_layernorm_embedding": true,
+  "d_model": 1280,
+  "decoder_attention_heads": 16,
+  "decoder_drop_path_rate": 0.0,
+  "decoder_ffn_dim": 5120,
+  "decoder_layerdrop": 0.0,
+  "decoder_layers": 12,
+  "decoder_normalize_before": true,
+  "decoder_start_token_id": 0,
+  "dropout": 0.1,
+  "encoder_attention_heads": 16,
+  "encoder_drop_path_rate": 0.0,
+  "encoder_ffn_dim": 5120,
+  "encoder_layerdrop": 0.0,
+  "encoder_layers": 24,
+  "encoder_normalize_before": true,
+  "entangle_position_embedding": false,
+  "eos_token_id": 2,
+  "forced_eos_token_id": 2,
+  "image_bucket_size": 42,
+  "init_std": 0.02,
+  "is_encoder_decoder": true,
+  "label_smoothing": 0.1,
+  "layernorm_embedding": true,
+  "max_position_embeddings": 1024,
+  "model_type": "tio",
+  "normformer": true,
+  "num_hidden_layers": 24,
+  "pad_token_id": 1,
+  "patch_layernorm_embedding": true,
+  "resnet_drop_path_rate": 0.0,
+  "resnet_model_path": null,
+  "resnet_type": "resnet152",
+  "scale_embedding": false,
+  "share_decoder_input_output_embed": true,
+  "token_bucket_size": 256,
+  "torch_dtype": "float32",
+  "transformers_version": "4.36.2",
+  "use_cache": false,
+  "vocab_size": 59457
+}

configuration_tio.py

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+# coding=utf-8
+# [Apache-2.0] Modified from https://github.com/OFA-Sys/OFA
+""" TiO model configuration"""
+import warnings
+from transformers import PretrainedConfig
+
+
+class TiOConfig(PretrainedConfig):
+    r"""
+    This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a [`~TiOModel`]. It is used to instantiate an TiO
+    model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the
+    defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the TiO.
+    architecture.
+
+    Configuration objects inherit from [`PretrainedConfig`] and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the
+    documentation from [`PretrainedConfig`] for more information.
+
+
+    Args:
+        vocab_size (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 50265):
+            Vocabulary size of the TiO model. Defines the number of different tokens that can be represented by the
+            `inputs_ids` passed when calling [`~TiOModel`] or [`~TFTiOModel`].
+        d_model (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 1024):
+            Dimension of the layers and the pooler layer.
+        encoder_layers (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 12):
+            Number of encoder layers.
+        decoder_layers (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 12):
+            Number of decoder layers.
+        encoder_attention_heads (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 16):
+            Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer encoder.
+        decoder_attention_heads (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 16):
+            Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer decoder.
+        decoder_ffn_dim (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 4096):
+            Dimension of the "intermediate" (often named feed-forward) layer in decoder.
+        encoder_ffn_dim (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 4096):
+            Dimension of the "intermediate" (often named feed-forward) layer in decoder.
+        activation_function (`str` or `function`, *optional*, defaults to `"gelu"`):
+            The non-linear activation function (function or string) in the encoder and pooler. If string, `"gelu"`,
+            `"relu"`, `"silu"` and `"gelu_new"` are supported.
+        dropout (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.1):
+            The dropout probability for all fully connected layers in the embeddings, encoder, and pooler.
+        attention_dropout (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.0):
+            The dropout ratio for the attention probabilities.
+        activation_dropout (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.0):
+            The dropout ratio for activations inside the fully connected layer.
+        classifier_dropout (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.0):
+            The dropout ratio for classifier.
+        max_position_embeddings (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 1024):
+            The maximum sequence length that this model might ever be used with. Typically set this to something large
+            just in case (e.g., 512 or 1024 or 2048).
+        init_std (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.02):
+            The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.
+        encoder_layerdrop: (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.0):
+            The LayerDrop probability for the encoder. See the [LayerDrop paper](see https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11556)
+            for more details.
+        decoder_layerdrop: (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.0):
+            The LayerDrop probability for the decoder. See the [LayerDrop paper](see https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11556)
+            for more details.
+        use_cache (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
+            Whether or not the model should return the last key/values attentions (not used by all models).
+    """
+
+    model_type = "tio"
+    keys_to_ignore_at_inference = ["past_key_values"]
+
+    attribute_map = {"num_attention_heads": "encoder_attention_heads", "hidden_size": "d_model"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        vocab_size=59457,
+        max_position_embeddings=1024,
+        encoder_layers=4,
+        encoder_ffn_dim=512 * 4,
+        encoder_attention_heads=8,
+        decoder_layers=4,
+        decoder_ffn_dim=512 * 4,
+        decoder_attention_heads=8,
+        encoder_layerdrop=0.0,
+        decoder_layerdrop=0.0,
+        use_cache=True,
+        is_encoder_decoder=True,
+        activation_function="gelu",
+        d_model=512,
+        dropout=0.1,
+        attention_dropout=0.0,
+        activation_dropout=0.0,
+        init_std=0.02,
+        classifier_dropout=0.0,
+        scale_embedding=False,
+        pad_token_id=1,
+        bos_token_id=0,
+        decoder_start_token_id=0,
+        eos_token_id=2,
+        forced_eos_token_id=2,
+        encoder_normalize_before=True,
+        decoder_normalize_before=True,
+        normformer=True,
+        encoder_drop_path_rate=0.0,
+        decoder_drop_path_rate=0.0,
+        layernorm_embedding=True,
+        patch_layernorm_embedding=True,
+        resnet_type="resnet101",
+        resnet_model_path=None,
+        resnet_drop_path_rate=0.0,
+        token_bucket_size=256,
+        image_bucket_size=42,
+        add_type_embedding=True,
+        share_decoder_input_output_embed=True,
+        attn_scale_factor=2.0,
+        code_layernorm_embedding=True,
+        code_image_size=128,
+        entangle_position_embedding=False,
+        label_smoothing=0.1,
+        **kwargs
+    ):
+        self.vocab_size = vocab_size
+        self.max_position_embeddings = max_position_embeddings
+        self.d_model = d_model
+        self.encoder_ffn_dim = encoder_ffn_dim
+        self.encoder_layers = encoder_layers
+        self.encoder_attention_heads = encoder_attention_heads
+        self.decoder_ffn_dim = decoder_ffn_dim
+        self.decoder_layers = decoder_layers
+        self.decoder_attention_heads = decoder_attention_heads
+        self.dropout = dropout
+        self.attention_dropout = attention_dropout
+        self.activation_dropout = activation_dropout
+        self.activation_function = activation_function
+        self.init_std = init_std
+        self.encoder_layerdrop = encoder_layerdrop
+        self.decoder_layerdrop = decoder_layerdrop
+        self.classifier_dropout = classifier_dropout
+        self.use_cache = use_cache
+        self.num_hidden_layers = encoder_layers
+        self.scale_embedding = scale_embedding  # scale factor will be sqrt(d_model) if True
+        self.encoder_normalize_before = encoder_normalize_before
+        self.decoder_normalize_before = decoder_normalize_before
+        self.normformer = normformer
+        self.encoder_drop_path_rate = encoder_drop_path_rate
+        self.decoder_drop_path_rate = decoder_drop_path_rate
+        self.layernorm_embedding = layernorm_embedding
+        self.patch_layernorm_embedding = patch_layernorm_embedding
+        self.resnet_type = resnet_type
+        self.resnet_model_path = resnet_model_path
+        self.resnet_drop_path_rate = resnet_drop_path_rate
+        self.token_bucket_size = token_bucket_size
+        self.image_bucket_size = image_bucket_size
+        self.add_type_embedding = add_type_embedding
+        self.share_decoder_input_output_embed = share_decoder_input_output_embed
+        self.attn_scale_factor = attn_scale_factor
+        self.code_layernorm_embedding = code_layernorm_embedding
+        self.code_image_size = code_image_size
+        self.entangle_position_embedding = entangle_position_embedding
+
+        self.label_smoothing = label_smoothing
+
+        super().__init__(
+            pad_token_id=pad_token_id,
+            bos_token_id=bos_token_id,
+            eos_token_id=eos_token_id,
+            is_encoder_decoder=is_encoder_decoder,
+            decoder_start_token_id=bos_token_id,
+            forced_eos_token_id=forced_eos_token_id,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+        # ensure backward compatibility for BART CNN models
+        if self.forced_bos_token_id is None and kwargs.get("force_bos_token_to_be_generated", False):
+            self.forced_bos_token_id = self.bos_token_id
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Please make sure the config includes `forced_bos_token_id={self.bos_token_id}` in future versions. "
+                "The config can simply be saved and uploaded again to be fixed."
+            )

generation_config.json

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+{
+  "_from_model_config": true,
+  "bos_token_id": 0,
+  "decoder_start_token_id": 0,
+  "eos_token_id": 2,
+  "forced_eos_token_id": 2,
+  "pad_token_id": 1,
+  "transformers_version": "4.36.2",
+  "use_cache": false
+}

gradio_app.py

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+from threading import Thread
+from typing import Iterator
+from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer, AutoImageProcessor, TextIteratorStreamer
+from PIL import Image as PILImage
+import tempfile
+import torch
+import gradio as gr
+
+
+def get_gradio_demo(model, tokenizer, image_processor) -> gr.Interface:
+
+    def get_prompt(message: str, chat_history: list[tuple[str, str]],
+                system_prompt: str) -> str:
+        texts = [f'#instruction: {system_prompt}\n', '#context:\n']
+        texts += [f"human: {user_input.strip()}\nagent: {response.strip()}\n" for user_input, response in chat_history if isinstance(user_input, str)]
+        texts += [f'human: {message.strip()}']
+        return ''.join(texts)
+
+
+    def get_input_token_length(message: str, chat_history: list[tuple[str, str]], system_prompt: str) -> int:
+        prompt = get_prompt(message, chat_history, system_prompt)
+        input_ids = tokenizer([prompt], return_tensors='np', add_special_tokens=False)['input_ids']
+        return input_ids.shape[-1]
+
+
+    def run(image: PILImage.Image,
+            message: str,
+            chat_history: list[tuple[str, str]],
+            system_prompt: str,
+            max_new_tokens: int = 192,
+            temperature: float = 0.1,
+            top_p: float = 0.9,
+            top_k: int = 50) -> Iterator[str]:
+        prompt = get_prompt(message, chat_history, system_prompt)
+        patch_images = image_processor([image], return_tensors="pt").pixel_values.to(torch.float16).to('cuda')
+        inputs = tokenizer([prompt], return_tensors='pt').to('cuda')
+
+        streamer = TextIteratorStreamer(tokenizer, timeout=10.)  # 
+        generate_kwargs = dict(
+            inputs,
+            patch_images=patch_images,
+            streamer=streamer,
+            max_length=max_new_tokens,
+            do_sample=True,
+            top_p=top_p,
+            top_k=top_k,
+            temperature=temperature,
+            num_beams=1,
+        )
+        t = Thread(target=model.generate, kwargs=generate_kwargs)
+        t.start()
+
+        outputs = []
+        for text in streamer:
+            outputs.append(text)
+            yield ''.join(outputs).replace("not yet.", "").replace("<s>", "").replace("</s>", "").strip()
+
+    # -------
+
+    DEFAULT_SYSTEM_PROMPT = """can you specify which region the context describes?"""
+    MAX_MAX_NEW_TOKENS = 512
+    DEFAULT_MAX_NEW_TOKENS = 128
+    MAX_INPUT_TOKEN_LENGTH = 512
+
+    DESCRIPTION = """<h1 align="center">TiO Demo</h1>
+    <div align="center">https://huggingface.co/jxu124/TiO</div>
+    """
+
+    LICENSE = """
+    <p/>
+
+    ---
+    """
+
+    if not torch.cuda.is_available():
+        DESCRIPTION += '\n<p>Running on CPU 🥶 This demo does not work on CPU.</p>'
+
+
+    def upload_image(file_obj):
+        chatbot = [[(file_obj.name,), None]]
+        return (gr.update(visible=False), gr.update(interactive=True, placeholder='Type a message...',), chatbot)
+
+
+    def clear_and_save_textbox(message: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        return '', message
+
+
+    def display_input(message: str,
+                    history: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        if len(history) == 0:
+            raise gr.Error(f'Upload an image first and try again.')
+        history.append((message, ''))
+        return history
+
+
+    def delete_prev_fn(
+            history: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> tuple[list[tuple[str, str]], str]:
+        try:
+            message, _ = history.pop()
+            if not isinstance(message, str):
+                message, _ = history.pop()
+        except IndexError:
+            message = ''
+        return history, message or ''
+
+
+    def generate(
+        message: str,
+        history_with_input: list[tuple[str, str]],
+        system_prompt: str,
+        max_new_tokens: int,
+        temperature: float,
+        top_p: float,
+        top_k: int,
+    ) -> Iterator[list[tuple[str, str]]]:
+        if max_new_tokens > MAX_MAX_NEW_TOKENS:
+            raise ValueError
+
+        image = PILImage.open(history_with_input[0][0][0])
+        history = history_with_input[:-1]
+        generator = run(image, message, history, system_prompt, max_new_tokens, temperature, top_p, top_k)
+        try:
+            first_response = next(generator)
+            yield history + [(message, first_response)]
+        except StopIteration:
+            yield history + [(message, '')]
+        for response in generator:
+            if "region:" in response:
+                bboxes = model.utils.sbbox_to_bbox(response)
+                if len(bboxes):
+                    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".jpg", delete=False) as f:
+                        model.utils.show_mask(image, bboxes).save(f)
+                    chatbot = history + [(message, "OK, I see."), (None, (f.name,))]
+            else:
+                chatbot = history + [(message, response)]
+            yield chatbot
+
+
+    def process_example(message: str) -> tuple[str, list[tuple[str, str]]]:
+        generator = generate(message, [], DEFAULT_SYSTEM_PROMPT, 192, 1, 0.95, 50)
+        for x in generator:
+            pass
+        return '', x
+
+
+    def check_input_token_length(message: str, chat_history: list[tuple[str, str]], system_prompt: str) -> None:
+        input_token_length = get_input_token_length(message, chat_history[:-1], system_prompt)
+        if input_token_length > MAX_INPUT_TOKEN_LENGTH:
+            raise gr.Error(f'The accumulated input is too long ({input_token_length} > {MAX_INPUT_TOKEN_LENGTH}). Clear your chat history and try again.')
+
+
+    with gr.Blocks() as demo:
+        gr.Markdown(DESCRIPTION)
+
+        with gr.Group():
+            chatbot = gr.Chatbot(label='Chatbot')
+            imagebox = gr.File(
+                file_types=["image"],
+                show_label=False,
+            )
+            with gr.Row():
+                textbox = gr.Textbox(
+                    container=False,
+                    show_label=False,
+                    interactive=False,
+                    placeholder='Upload an image...',
+                    scale=10,
+                )
+                submit_button = gr.Button('Submit',
+                                        variant='primary',
+                                        scale=1,
+                                        min_width=0)
+        with gr.Row():
+            retry_button = gr.Button('🔄  Retry', variant='secondary')
+            undo_button = gr.Button('↩️ Undo', variant='secondary')
+            clear_button = gr.Button('🗑️  Clear', variant='secondary')
+
+        saved_input = gr.State()
+
+        with gr.Accordion(label='Advanced options', open=False):
+            system_prompt = gr.Textbox(label='System prompt',
+                                    value=DEFAULT_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+                                    lines=6)
+            max_new_tokens = gr.Slider(
+                label='Max new tokens',
+                minimum=1,
+                maximum=MAX_MAX_NEW_TOKENS,
+                step=1,
+                value=DEFAULT_MAX_NEW_TOKENS,
+            )
+            temperature = gr.Slider(
+                label='Temperature',
+                minimum=0.1,
+                maximum=4.0,
+                step=0.1,
+                value=0.5,
+            )
+            top_p = gr.Slider(
+                label='Top-p (nucleus sampling)',
+                minimum=0.05,
+                maximum=1.0,
+                step=0.05,
+                value=0.9,
+            )
+            top_k = gr.Slider(
+                label='Top-k',
+                minimum=1,
+                maximum=1000,
+                step=1,
+                value=20,
+            )
+
+        gr.Markdown(LICENSE)
+        imagebox.upload(
+            fn=upload_image,
+            inputs=imagebox,
+            outputs=[imagebox, textbox, chatbot],
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        )
+
+        textbox.submit(
+            fn=clear_and_save_textbox,
+            inputs=textbox,
+            outputs=[textbox, saved_input],
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        ).then(
+            fn=display_input,
+            inputs=[saved_input, chatbot],
+            outputs=chatbot,
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        ).then(
+            fn=check_input_token_length,
+            inputs=[saved_input, chatbot, system_prompt],
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        ).success(
+            fn=generate,
+            inputs=[
+                saved_input,
+                chatbot,
+                system_prompt,
+                max_new_tokens,
+                temperature,
+                top_p,
+                top_k,
+            ],
+            outputs=chatbot,
+            api_name="generate",
+        )
+
+        button_event_preprocess = submit_button.click(
+            fn=clear_and_save_textbox,
+            inputs=textbox,
+            outputs=[textbox, saved_input],
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        ).then(
+            fn=display_input,
+            inputs=[saved_input, chatbot],
+            outputs=chatbot,
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        ).then(
+            fn=check_input_token_length,
+            inputs=[saved_input, chatbot, system_prompt],
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        ).success(
+            fn=generate,
+            inputs=[
+                saved_input,
+                chatbot,
+                system_prompt,
+                max_new_tokens,
+                temperature,
+                top_p,
+                top_k,
+            ],
+            outputs=chatbot,
+            api_name=None,
+        )
+
+        retry_button.click(
+            fn=delete_prev_fn,
+            inputs=chatbot,
+            outputs=[chatbot, saved_input],
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        ).then(
+            fn=display_input,
+            inputs=[saved_input, chatbot],
+            outputs=chatbot,
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        ).then(
+            fn=generate,
+            inputs=[
+                saved_input,
+                chatbot,
+                system_prompt,
+                max_new_tokens,
+                temperature,
+                top_p,
+                top_k,
+            ],
+            outputs=chatbot,
+            api_name=None,
+        )
+
+        undo_button.click(
+            fn=delete_prev_fn,
+            inputs=chatbot,
+            outputs=[chatbot, saved_input],
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        ).then(
+            fn=lambda x: x,
+            inputs=[saved_input],
+            outputs=textbox,
+            api_name=None,
+            queue=False,
+        )
+
+        clear_button.click(
+            fn=lambda: ([], '', gr.update(value=None, visible=True), gr.update(interactive=False, placeholder='Upload an image...',)),
+            outputs=[chatbot, saved_input, imagebox, textbox],
+            queue=False,
+            api_name=None,
+        )
+
+    return demo
+
+
+def main(model_id: str = 'jxu124/TiO', host: str = "0.0.0.0", port: int = None):
+    assert torch.cuda.is_available()
+    model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_id, trust_remote_code=True, torch_dtype=torch.float16).cuda()
+    tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id, use_fast=False)
+    image_processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained(model_id)
+
+    # ---- gradio demo ----
+    model.get_gradio_demo(tokenizer, image_processor).queue(max_size=20).launch(server_name=host, server_port=port)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import fire
+    fire.Fire(main)

model.safetensors

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:b865f121748f39f18d2eb21aa05abc6297cdd65bad27c2922cd55554279ae474
+size 3785310272

modeling_tio.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2036 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+# [Apache-2.0] Modified from https://github.com/OFA-Sys/OFA
+""" PyTorch TiO model."""
+
+import math
+import random
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import torch
+from torch import nn
+from torch.nn import functional as F
+from torch.nn import BCEWithLogitsLoss, CrossEntropyLoss, MSELoss
+
+from transformers.activations import ACT2FN
+from transformers import PreTrainedModel
+# from ...activations import ACT2FN
+# from ...file_utils import (
+#     add_code_sample_docstrings,
+#     add_end_docstrings,
+#     add_start_docstrings,
+#     add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
+#     replace_return_docstrings,
+# )
+# from ...file_utils import ModelOutput
+# from ...modeling_outputs import (
+#     BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
+#     Seq2SeqLMOutput,
+#     Seq2SeqModelOutput,
+# )
+# from ...modeling_utils import PreTrainedModel
+# from ...utils import logging
+from transformers.utils import logging, ModelOutput
+from transformers.modeling_outputs import BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions, Seq2SeqLMOutput, Seq2SeqModelOutput
+from .configuration_tio import TiOConfig
+from .resnet import ResNet
+from torch import Tensor
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
+
+_CONFIG_FOR_DOC = "TiOConfig"
+_TOKENIZER_FOR_DOC = "TiOTokenizer"
+
+DEFAULT_MAX_SOURCE_POSITIONS = 1024
+DEFAULT_MAX_TARGET_POSITIONS = 1024
+
+DEFAULT_MIN_PARAMS_TO_WRAP = int(1e8)
+
+try:
+    from apex.normalization import FusedLayerNorm as _FusedLayerNorm
+
+    has_fused_layernorm = True
+
+    class FusedLayerNorm(_FusedLayerNorm):
+        @torch.jit.unused
+        def forward(self, x):
+            if not x.is_cuda:
+                return super().forward(x)
+            else:
+                with torch.cuda.device(x.device):
+                    return super().forward(x)
+
+except ImportError:
+    has_fused_layernorm = False
+
+
+def LayerNorm(normalized_shape, eps=1e-5, elementwise_affine=True, export=False):
+    r"""
+    Layer normalization.
+    If apex is available, use `FusedLayerNorm` instead.
+    """
+    if torch.jit.is_scripting():
+        export = True
+    if not export and torch.cuda.is_available() and has_fused_layernorm:
+        return FusedLayerNorm(normalized_shape, eps, elementwise_affine)
+    return torch.nn.LayerNorm(normalized_shape, eps, elementwise_affine)
+
+
+def make_token_bucket_position(bucket_size, max_position=DEFAULT_MAX_SOURCE_POSITIONS):
+    r"""
+    Make relative position indices for the text.
+    """
+    context_pos = torch.arange(max_position, dtype=torch.long)[:, None]
+    memory_pos = torch.arange(max_position, dtype=torch.long)[None, :]
+    relative_pos = context_pos - memory_pos
+    sign = torch.sign(relative_pos)
+    mid = bucket_size // 2
+    abs_pos = torch.where((relative_pos < mid) & (relative_pos > -mid), mid - 1, torch.abs(relative_pos))
+    # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+    log_pos = torch.ceil(torch.log(abs_pos / mid) / math.log((max_position - 1) / mid) * (mid - 1)) + mid
+    log_pos = log_pos.int()
+    # import numpy as np
+    # log_pos = np.ceil(np.log(abs_pos.cpu().numpy() / mid) / math.log((max_position - 1) / mid) * (mid - 1)) + mid
+    # log_pos = torch.tensor(log_pos.astype('int64'))
+    # log_pos = torch.LongTensor(log_pos.astype('int64'), device=abs_pos.device)
+    bucket_pos = torch.where(abs_pos.le(mid), relative_pos, log_pos * sign).long()
+    return bucket_pos + bucket_size - 1
+
+
+def make_image_bucket_position(bucket_size, num_relative_distance):
+    r"""
+    Make relative position indices for the image.
+    """
+    coords_h = torch.arange(bucket_size)
+    coords_w = torch.arange(bucket_size)
+    coords = torch.stack(torch.meshgrid([coords_h, coords_w], indexing="ij"))  # 2, Wh, Ww
+    coords_flatten = torch.flatten(coords, 1)  # 2, Wh*Ww
+    relative_coords = coords_flatten[:, :, None] - coords_flatten[:, None, :]  # 2, Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww
+    relative_coords = relative_coords.permute(1, 2, 0).contiguous()  # Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww, 2
+    relative_coords[:, :, 0] += bucket_size - 1  # shift to start from 0
+    relative_coords[:, :, 1] += bucket_size - 1
+    relative_coords[:, :, 0] *= 2 * bucket_size - 1
+    relative_position_index = torch.zeros(size=(bucket_size * bucket_size + 1,) * 2, dtype=relative_coords.dtype)
+    relative_position_index[1:, 1:] = relative_coords.sum(-1)  # Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww
+    relative_position_index[0, 0:] = num_relative_distance - 3
+    relative_position_index[0:, 0] = num_relative_distance - 2
+    relative_position_index[0, 0] = num_relative_distance - 1
+    return relative_position_index
+
+
+def new_arange(x, *size):
+    r"""
+    Return a Tensor of `size` filled with a range function on the device of x.
+    If size is empty, using the size of the variable x.
+    """
+    if len(size) == 0:
+        size = x.size()
+    return torch.arange(size[-1], device=x.device).expand(*size).contiguous()
+
+
+def shift_tokens_right(input_ids: torch.Tensor, pad_token_id: int, decoder_start_token_id: int):
+    r"""
+    Shift input ids one token to the right.
+    """
+    shifted_input_ids = input_ids.new_zeros(input_ids.shape)
+    shifted_input_ids[:, 1:] = input_ids[:, :-1].clone()
+    shifted_input_ids[:, 0] = decoder_start_token_id
+
+    assert pad_token_id is not None, "self.model.config.pad_token_id has to be defined."
+    # replace possible -100 values in labels by `pad_token_id`
+    shifted_input_ids.masked_fill_(shifted_input_ids == -100, pad_token_id)
+
+    return shifted_input_ids
+
+
+def _make_causal_mask(input_ids_shape: torch.Size, dtype: torch.dtype, past_key_values_length: int = 0):
+    r"""
+    Make causal mask used for uni-directional self-attention.
+    """
+    bsz, tgt_len = input_ids_shape
+    mask = torch.full((tgt_len, tgt_len), torch.finfo(dtype).min)
+    mask_cond = torch.arange(mask.size(-1))
+    mask.masked_fill_(mask_cond < (mask_cond + 1).view(mask.size(-1), 1), 0)
+    mask = mask.to(dtype)
+
+    if past_key_values_length > 0:
+        mask = torch.cat([torch.ones(tgt_len, past_key_values_length, dtype=dtype), mask], dim=-1)
+    return mask[None, None, :, :].expand(bsz, 1, tgt_len, tgt_len + past_key_values_length)
+
+
+def _expand_mask(mask: torch.Tensor, dtype: torch.dtype, tgt_len: Optional[int] = None):
+    r"""
+    Expands attention_mask from `[bsz, seq_len]` to `[bsz, 1, tgt_seq_len, src_seq_len]`.
+    """
+    bsz, src_len = mask.size()
+    tgt_len = tgt_len if tgt_len is not None else src_len
+
+    expanded_mask = mask[:, None, None, :].expand(bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len).to(dtype)
+    inverted_mask = 1.0 - expanded_mask
+
+    return inverted_mask.masked_fill(inverted_mask.bool(), torch.finfo(dtype).min)
+
+
+def Embedding(num_embeddings, embedding_dim, padding_idx=None, zero_init=False):
+    r"""
+    Embedding for tokens
+    """
+    m = nn.Embedding(num_embeddings, embedding_dim, padding_idx=padding_idx)
+    nn.init.normal_(m.weight, mean=0, std=embedding_dim**-0.5)
+    if padding_idx is not None:
+        nn.init.constant_(m.weight[padding_idx], 0)
+    if zero_init:
+        nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 0)
+    return m
+
+
+def Linear(in_features, out_features, bias=True):
+    r"""
+    Implementation of linear projection with xavier initialization
+    """
+    m = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features, bias)
+    nn.init.xavier_uniform_(m.weight)
+    if bias:
+        nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0.0)
+    return m
+
+
+class LayerDropModuleList(nn.ModuleList):
+    r"""
+    A LayerDrop implementation based on :class:`torch.nn.ModuleList`.
+
+    Args:
+        p (float): probability of dropping out each layer
+        modules (iterable, optional): an iterable of modules to add
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, p, modules=None):
+        super().__init__(modules)
+        self.p = p
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        dropout_probs = torch.empty(len(self)).uniform_()
+        for i, m in enumerate(super().__iter__()):
+            if not self.training or (dropout_probs[i] > self.p):
+                yield m
+
+
+def drop_path(x, drop_prob: float = 0.0, training: bool = False):
+    r"""
+    Drop paths (Stochastic Depth) per sample (when applied in main path of residual blocks).
+
+    Args:
+        x (`nn.Modules`): input nn layers.
+        drop_prob (`float`): drop path ratio.
+        training (`bool`): whether is training or inference.
+    """
+    if drop_prob == 0.0 or not training:
+        return x
+    keep_prob = 1 - drop_prob
+    shape = (1, x.shape[1], 1)
+    random_tensor = keep_prob + torch.rand(shape, dtype=x.dtype, device=x.device)
+    random_tensor.floor_()  # binarize
+    output = x.div(keep_prob) * random_tensor
+    return output
+
+
+class DropPath(nn.Module):
+    r"""
+    Drop paths (Stochastic Depth) per sample (when applied in main path of residual blocks).
+
+    Args:
+        drop_prob: drop path ratio.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, drop_prob=None):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.drop_prob = drop_prob
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        return drop_path(x, self.drop_prob, self.training)
+
+    def extra_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "p={}".format(self.drop_prob)
+
+
+class TiOAttention(nn.Module):
+    r"""
+    Multi-headed attention, with additional implementation for NormFormer.
+
+    Args:
+        embed_dim (`int`): embedding dimension.
+        num_heads (`int`): the number of attention heads.
+        dropout (`float32`): the ratio for dropout.
+        is_decoder (`bool`): whether or not decoder attention.
+        bias (`bool`): whether to add bias.
+        scale_heads (`bool`): whether to learn scaling heads, only for Normformer.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        embed_dim: int,
+        num_heads: int,
+        dropout: float = 0.0,
+        is_decoder: bool = False,
+        bias: bool = True,
+        scale_heads: bool = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
+        self.num_heads = num_heads
+        self.dropout = dropout
+        self.head_dim = embed_dim // num_heads
+        assert (
+                self.head_dim * num_heads == self.embed_dim
+        ), f"embed_dim must be divisible by num_heads (got `embed_dim`: {self.embed_dim} and `num_heads`: {num_heads})."
+        scale_factor=2
+        self.scaling = float(self.head_dim * scale_factor) ** -0.5
+        self.is_decoder = is_decoder
+
+        self.k_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)
+        self.v_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)
+        self.q_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)
+        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim, bias=bias)
+        self.attn_dropout = nn.Dropout(p=dropout)
+        self.c_attn = nn.Parameter(torch.ones((self.num_heads,)), requires_grad=True) if scale_heads else None
+
+    def _shape(self, tensor: torch.Tensor, seq_len: int, bsz: int):
+        r"""
+        Reshape tensors for multi-head attention.
+        """
+        return tensor.view(bsz, seq_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+        key_value_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        past_key_value: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        output_attentions: bool = False,
+        attn_bias: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    ):
+        r"""
+        Args:
+            hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, tgt_len, embed_dim)`)`: input states.
+            key_value_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape (bsz, tgt_len, embed_dim), *optional*): key value states.
+            past_key_value (`Tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*):
+                cached past key value states for fast inference.
+            attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 1, tgt_len, seq_len)`, *optional*): attention mask.
+            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*): whether to output attention weights of all layers.
+            attn_bias (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len)`, *optional*):
+                the attention bias for positional information.
+
+        Returns:
+            attn_output (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, tgt_len, embed_dim)`): attention outputs.
+            attn_weights_reshaped (`torch.FloatTensor`, *optional*): attention weights of all layers.
+            past_key_value (`torch.FloatTensor`, *optional*): cached key value states for fast inference.
+        """
+
+        # if key_value_states are provided this layer is used as a cross-attention layer
+        # for the decoder
+        is_cross_attention = key_value_states is not None
+        bsz, tgt_len, embed_dim = hidden_states.size()
+
+        # get query proj
+        query_states = self.q_proj(hidden_states) * self.scaling
+        # get key, value proj
+        if is_cross_attention and past_key_value is not None:
+            # reuse k,v, cross_attentions
+            key_states = past_key_value[0]
+            value_states = past_key_value[1]
+        elif is_cross_attention:
+            # cross_attentions
+            key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(key_value_states), -1, bsz)
+            value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(key_value_states), -1, bsz)
+        elif past_key_value is not None:
+            # reuse k, v, self_attention
+            key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
+            value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
+            key_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[0], key_states], dim=2)
+            value_states = torch.cat([past_key_value[1], value_states], dim=2)
+        else:
+            # self_attention
+            key_states = self._shape(self.k_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
+            value_states = self._shape(self.v_proj(hidden_states), -1, bsz)
+
+        if self.is_decoder:
+            past_key_value = (key_states, value_states)
+
+        proj_shape = (bsz * self.num_heads, -1, self.head_dim)
+        query_states = self._shape(query_states, tgt_len, bsz).view(*proj_shape)
+        key_states = key_states.view(*proj_shape)
+        value_states = value_states.view(*proj_shape)
+
+        src_len = key_states.size(1)
+        attn_weights = torch.bmm(query_states, key_states.transpose(1, 2))
+
+        if attn_weights.size() != (bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Attention weights should be of size {(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)}, but is {attn_weights.size()}"
+            )
+
+        # Add attention bias for positional information
+        if attn_bias is not None:
+            attn_weights += attn_bias
+
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            if attention_mask.size() != (bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Attention mask should be of size {(bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len)}, but is {attention_mask.size()}"
+                )
+            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len) + attention_mask
+            attn_weights = attn_weights.view(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)
+
+        attn_weights = F.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1)
+
+        if output_attentions:
+            attn_weights_reshaped = attn_weights.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)
+            attn_weights = attn_weights_reshaped.view(bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, src_len)
+        else:
+            attn_weights_reshaped = None
+
+        attn_probs = self.attn_dropout(attn_weights)
+
+        attn_output = torch.bmm(attn_probs, value_states)
+
+        if attn_output.size() != (bsz * self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"`attn_output` should be of size {(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim)}, but is {attn_output.size()}"
+            )
+
+        attn_output = attn_output.view(bsz, self.num_heads, tgt_len, self.head_dim)
+        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2)
+        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, tgt_len, embed_dim)
+
+        if self.c_attn is not None:
+            attn_output = attn_output.view(bsz, tgt_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
+            attn_output = torch.einsum("bthd,h->bthd", attn_output, self.c_attn)
+            attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, tgt_len, self.embed_dim)
+
+        attn_output = self.out_proj(attn_output)
+
+        return attn_output, attn_weights_reshaped, past_key_value
+
+
+class TiOEncoderLayer(nn.Module):
+    r"""
+    TiO encoder layer implementation.
+
+    Args:
+        config: configuration for TiO.
+        drop_path_rate: the ratio for drop path.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: TiOConfig, drop_path_rate=0.0):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.embed_dim = config.d_model
+        self.self_attn = TiOAttention(
+            embed_dim=self.embed_dim,
+            num_heads=config.encoder_attention_heads,
+            dropout=config.attention_dropout,
+        )
+        self.self_attn_layer_norm = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
+        self.self_attn_mid_layer_norm = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim) if config.normformer else None
+        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout)
+        self.activation_fn = ACT2FN[config.activation_function]
+        self.activation_dropout = nn.Dropout(config.activation_dropout)
+        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, config.encoder_ffn_dim)
+        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(config.encoder_ffn_dim, self.embed_dim)
+        self.ffn_layer_norm = LayerNorm(config.encoder_ffn_dim) if config.normformer else None
+        self.final_layer_norm = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
+        self.normalize_before = config.encoder_normalize_before
+        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path_rate) if drop_path_rate > 0.0 else nn.Identity()
+
+    def residual_connection(self, x, residual):
+        r"""
+        Residual connection with drop path.
+        """
+        return residual + self.drop_path(x)
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor,
+        output_attentions: bool = False,
+        attn_bias: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    ):
+        r"""
+        Args:
+            hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor`): input to the layer of shape *(bsz, src_len, embed_dim)*
+            attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor`): attention mask of size
+                *(bsz, 1, src_len, src_len)* where padding elements are indicated by very large negative values.
+            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
+                whether to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under
+                returned tensors for more detail.
+            attn_bias (`torch.FloatTensor`): bias for positional information.
+
+        Returns:
+            outputs (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`):
+                output hidden states of size (bsz, src_len, embed_dim), optionally with attention weights.
+        """
+
+        residual = hidden_states
+        if self.normalize_before:
+            hidden_states = self.self_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states, attn_weights, _ = self.self_attn(
+            hidden_states=hidden_states,
+            attention_mask=attention_mask,
+            output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            attn_bias=attn_bias,
+        )
+        if self.self_attn_mid_layer_norm:
+            hidden_states = self.self_attn_mid_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.residual_connection(hidden_states, residual)
+        if not self.normalize_before:
+            hidden_states = self.self_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+
+        residual = hidden_states
+
+        if self.normalize_before:
+            hidden_states = self.final_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.activation_fn(self.fc1(hidden_states))
+        hidden_states = self.activation_dropout(hidden_states)
+        if self.ffn_layer_norm:
+            hidden_states = self.ffn_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.fc2(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.residual_connection(hidden_states, residual)
+        if not self.normalize_before:
+            hidden_states = self.final_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+
+        if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16 and (
+            torch.isinf(hidden_states).any() or torch.isnan(hidden_states).any()
+        ):
+            clamp_value = torch.finfo(hidden_states.dtype).max - 1000
+            hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)
+
+        outputs = (hidden_states,)
+
+        if output_attentions:
+            outputs += (attn_weights,)
+
+        return outputs
+
+
+class TiODecoderLayer(nn.Module):
+    r"""
+    TiO decoder layer implementation.
+
+    Args:
+        config: configuration for TiO.
+        drop_path_rate: the ratio for drop path.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: TiOConfig, drop_path_rate=0.0):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.embed_dim = config.d_model
+
+        self.self_attn = TiOAttention(
+            embed_dim=self.embed_dim,
+            num_heads=config.decoder_attention_heads,
+            dropout=config.attention_dropout,
+            is_decoder=True,
+        )
+        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=config.dropout)
+        self.activation_fn = ACT2FN[config.activation_function]
+        self.activation_dropout = nn.Dropout(p=config.activation_dropout)
+
+        self.self_attn_layer_norm = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
+        self.self_attn_mid_layer_norm = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim) if config.normformer else None
+        self.cross_attn = TiOAttention(
+            self.embed_dim,
+            config.decoder_attention_heads,
+            dropout=config.attention_dropout,
+            is_decoder=True,
+        )
+        self.cross_attn_layer_norm = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
+        self.cross_attn_mid_layer_norm = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim) if config.normformer else None
+        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, config.decoder_ffn_dim)
+        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(config.decoder_ffn_dim, self.embed_dim)
+        self.ffn_layer_norm = LayerNorm(config.decoder_ffn_dim) if config.normformer else None
+        self.final_layer_norm = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
+        self.normalize_before = config.decoder_normalize_before
+        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path_rate) if drop_path_rate > 0.0 else nn.Identity()
+
+    def residual_connection(self, x, residual):
+        r"""
+        Residual connection with drop path.
+        """
+        return residual + self.drop_path(x)
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        past_key_value: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
+        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
+        use_cache: Optional[bool] = False,
+        self_attn_bias: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        cross_attn_bias: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    ):
+        r"""
+        Args:
+            hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, embed_dim)`): input to the layer.
+            attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len)`):
+                attention mask where padding elements are indicated by very large negative values.
+            encoder_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch, seq_len, embed_dim)`):
+                cross attention input to the layer.
+            encoder_attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 1, tgt_len, src_len)`):
+                encoder attention mask where padding elements are indicated by very large negative values.
+            past_key_value (`Tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`): cached past key and value projection states
+            output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*): whether to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers.
+            use_cache (`bool`, *optional*): whether to use cache
+            self_attn_bias (`torch.FloatTensor`): self attention bias for positional information.
+            cross_attn_bias (`torch.FloatTensor`): cross attention bias for positional information.
+        """
+
+        # Self attention with intermediate layernorm
+        residual = hidden_states
+        if self.normalize_before:
+            hidden_states = self.self_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+        self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2] if past_key_value is not None else None
+        # add present self-attn cache to position 1,2 of present_key_value tuple
+        hidden_states, self_attn_weights, present_key_value = self.self_attn(
+            hidden_states=hidden_states,
+            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
+            attention_mask=attention_mask,
+            output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            attn_bias=self_attn_bias,
+        )
+        if self.self_attn_mid_layer_norm:
+            hidden_states = self.self_attn_mid_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.residual_connection(hidden_states, residual)
+        if not self.normalize_before:
+            hidden_states = self.self_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+
+        # Cross attention with intermediate layernorm
+        cross_attn_present_key_value = None
+        cross_attn_weights = None
+        if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
+            residual = hidden_states
+            if self.normalize_before:
+                hidden_states = self.cross_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+            # cross_attn cached key/values tuple is at positions 3,4 of present_key_value tuple
+            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[-2:] if past_key_value is not None else None
+            hidden_states, cross_attn_weights, cross_attn_present_key_value = self.cross_attn(
+                hidden_states=hidden_states,
+                key_value_states=encoder_hidden_states,
+                attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
+                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
+                output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                attn_bias=cross_attn_bias,
+            )
+            if self.cross_attn_mid_layer_norm:
+                hidden_states = self.cross_attn_mid_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+            hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
+            hidden_states = self.residual_connection(hidden_states, residual)
+            if not self.normalize_before:
+                hidden_states = self.cross_attn_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+
+            # add cross-attn to positions 3,4 of present_key_value tuple
+            present_key_value = present_key_value + cross_attn_present_key_value
+
+        # FFN with intermediate layernorm
+        residual = hidden_states
+        if self.normalize_before:
+            hidden_states = self.final_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.activation_fn(self.fc1(hidden_states))
+        hidden_states = self.activation_dropout(hidden_states)
+        if self.ffn_layer_norm:
+            hidden_states = self.ffn_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.fc2(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
+        hidden_states = self.residual_connection(hidden_states, residual)
+        if not self.normalize_before:
+            hidden_states = self.final_layer_norm(hidden_states)
+
+        outputs = (hidden_states,)
+
+        if output_attentions:
+            outputs += (self_attn_weights, cross_attn_weights)
+
+        if use_cache:
+            outputs += (present_key_value,)
+
+        return outputs
+
+
+class TiOPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
+    r"""
+    Base class TiO
+    """
+
+    config_class = TiOConfig
+    base_model_prefix = "model"
+    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
+
+    def _init_weights(self, module):
+        r"""
+        Weight initialization which follows BERT.
+        """
+        std = self.config.init_std
+        if isinstance(module, nn.Linear):
+            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
+            if module.bias is not None:
+                module.bias.data.zero_()
+        elif isinstance(module, nn.Embedding):
+            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
+            if module.padding_idx is not None:
+                module.weight.data[module.padding_idx].zero_()
+
+    def _set_gradient_checkpointing(self, module, value=False):
+        r"""
+        Turn on the switch of gradient checkpointing.
+        """
+        if isinstance(module, (TiODecoder, TiOEncoder)):
+            module.gradient_checkpointing = value
+
+
+@dataclass
+class TiOEncoderOutput(ModelOutput):
+    r"""
+    Base class for TiO's outputs.
+
+    Args:
+        last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, hidden)`):
+            Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.
+
+        hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_hidden_states=True` is passed
+            or when `config.output_hidden_states=True`):
+
+            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of
+            shape `(bsz, seq_len, hidden)`.
+            Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
+
+        attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*, returned when `output_attentions=True` is passed
+            or when `config.output_attentions=True`):
+
+            Tuple of `torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape `(bsz, num_heads, seq_len, seq_len)`.
+            Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
+            heads.
+
+        position_embedding (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, hidden)`):
+            postional embeddings of the inputs.
+    """
+
+    last_hidden_state: torch.FloatTensor = None
+    padding_mask: torch.Tensor = None
+    hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
+    attentions: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]] = None
+    position_embedding: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None
+
+
+TiO_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
+    This model inherits from [`PreTrainedModel`]. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
+    library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
+    etc.)
+
+    This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
+    Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
+    and behavior.
+
+    Parameters:
+        config ([`~TiOConfig`]):
+            Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not
+            load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the
+            [`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`] method to load the model weights.
+"""
+
+
+TiO_GENERATION_EXAMPLE = r"""
+    Image captioning example:
+
+    ```python
+    >>> from PIL import Image
+    >>> from torchvision import transforms
+    >>> from transformers import TiOTokenizer, TiOForConditionalGeneration
+
+    >>> mean, std = [0.5, 0.5, 0.5], [0.5, 0.5, 0.5]
+    >>> resolution = 256
+    >>> patch_resize_transform = transforms.Compose([
+            lambda image: image.convert("RGB"),
+            transforms.Resize((resolution, resolution), interpolation=Image.BICUBIC),
+            transforms.ToTensor(),
+            transforms.Normalize(mean=mean, std=std)
+        ])
+
+    >>> model = TiOForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(ckpt_dir)
+    >>> tokenizer = TiOTokenizer.from_pretrained(ckpt_dir)
+
+    >>> txt = " what is the description of the image?"
+    >>> inputs = tokenizer([txt], max_length=1024, return_tensors="pt")["input_ids"]
+    >>> img = Image.open(path_to_image)
+    >>> patch_img = patch_resize_transform(img).unsqueeze(0)
+
+    >>> gen = model.generate(inputs, patch_img=patch_img, num_beams=4)
+    >>> print(tokenizer.decode(gen, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False))
+    ```
+"""
+
+
+TiO_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
+    Args:
+        input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`):
+            indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabular, and padding will be ignored by default;
+
+            indices can be obtained using [`~TiOTokenizer`].
+
+        patch_images (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 3, height, width)`):
+            the resized image, which are transformed by the default operations.
+        patch_images_2 (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 3, height, width)`):
+            the second (if it exists) image.
+        patch_masks (`torch.BoolTensor`): the patches to be masked.
+        token_embeddings (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, embed_dim)`): token embeddings.
+        sample_patch_num (`int`): the number of patches to sample.
+        decoder_input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): indices of the sequence in the vocabulary.
+        code_masks (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): masks only for code generation.
+        attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): attention mask for decoding.
+        encoder_outputs (`TiOEncoderOutput`):
+            encoder outputs with hidden states, positional embeddings, and padding masks.
+        past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, *optional*, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed):
+            Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of
+            shape `(bsz, num_heads, tgt_len, head_size)`) and 2 additional tensors of
+            shape `(bsz, num_heads, src_len, head_size)`.
+        use_cache (`bool`): whether to use cache for faster inference.
+        output_attentions (`bool`): whether to output attention weights.
+        output_hidden_states (`bool`): whether to output hidden states.
+        return_dict (`bool`): unused. Keep it for generation only.
+        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
+            Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should either be in `[0, ...,
+            config.vocab_size]` or -100 (see `input_ids` docstring). Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored
+            (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`.
+"""
+
+
+class TiOEncoder(TiOPreTrainedModel):
+    r"""
+    TiO encoder consisting of layers of [`TiOEncoderLayer`].
+
+    Args:
+        config: TiOConfig
+        embed_tokens (`nn.Embedding`, *optional*): output embedding
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: TiOConfig, embed_tokens: Optional[nn.Embedding] = None):
+        super().__init__(config)
+
+        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout)
+        self.encoder_layerdrop = config.encoder_layerdrop
+
+        embed_dim = config.d_model
+        self.padding_idx = config.pad_token_id
+        self.max_source_positions = config.max_position_embeddings
+        self.embed_scale = math.sqrt(embed_dim) if config.scale_embedding else 1.0
+        self.num_attention_heads = config.encoder_attention_heads
+
+        if getattr(config, "layernorm_embedding", False):
+            self.layernorm_embedding = LayerNorm(embed_dim)
+        else:
+            self.layernorm_embedding = None
+
+        if embed_tokens is not None:
+            self.embed_tokens = embed_tokens
+        else:
+            self.embed_tokens = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, embed_dim, self.padding_idx)
+
+        if config.add_type_embedding:
+            self.type_embedding = Embedding(2, embed_dim, padding_idx=None)
+        else:
+            self.type_embedding = None
+
+        if config.resnet_type == "resnet18":
+            self.embed_images = ResNet([2, 2, 2], drop_path_rate=config.resnet_drop_path_rate)
+        elif config.resnet_type == "resnet34":
+            self.embed_images = ResNet([3, 4, 6], drop_path_rate=config.resnet_drop_path_rate)
+        elif config.resnet_type == "resnet50":
+            self.embed_images = ResNet([3, 4, 6], drop_path_rate=config.resnet_drop_path_rate)
+        elif config.resnet_type == "resnet101":
+            self.embed_images = ResNet([3, 4, 23], drop_path_rate=config.resnet_drop_path_rate)
+        elif config.resnet_type == "resnet152":
+            self.embed_images = ResNet([3, 8, 36], drop_path_rate=config.resnet_drop_path_rate)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        self.image_proj = Linear(1024, embed_dim)
+
+        if config.resnet_model_path:
+            resnet_state_dict = torch.load(config.resnet_model_path)
+            self.embed_images.load_state_dict(resnet_state_dict)
+        if config.patch_layernorm_embedding:
+            self.patch_layernorm_embedding = LayerNorm(embed_dim)
+        else:
+            self.patch_layernorm_embedding = None
+
+        self.embed_positions = Embedding(self.max_source_positions + 2, embed_dim)
+        self.embed_image_positions = Embedding(config.image_bucket_size**2 + 1, embed_dim)
+        self.pos_ln = LayerNorm(embed_dim)
+        self.image_pos_ln = LayerNorm(embed_dim)
+        self.pos_scaling = float(embed_dim / self.num_attention_heads * config.attn_scale_factor) ** -0.5
+        self.pos_q_linear = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim)
+        self.pos_k_linear = nn.Linear(embed_dim, embed_dim)
+
+        if self.encoder_layerdrop > 0.0:
+            self.layers = LayerDropModuleList(p=self.encoder_layerdrop)
+        else:
+            self.layers = nn.ModuleList([])
+
+        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, config.encoder_drop_path_rate, config.encoder_layers)]
+        self.layers.extend(
+            [TiOEncoderLayer(config, drop_path_rate=dpr[i]) for i in range(config.encoder_layers)]
+        )
+        self.num_layers = len(self.layers)
+
+        if config.encoder_normalize_before:
+            self.layer_norm = LayerNorm(embed_dim)
+        else:
+            self.layer_norm = None
+
+        self.token_bucket_size = config.token_bucket_size
+        token_num_rel_dis = 2 * config.token_bucket_size - 1
+        token_rp_bucket = make_token_bucket_position(config.token_bucket_size)
+        self.token_rel_pos_table_list = nn.ModuleList(
+            [Embedding(token_num_rel_dis, self.num_attention_heads, zero_init=True) for _ in
+             range(config.encoder_layers)]
+        )
+
+        self.image_bucket_size = config.image_bucket_size
+        image_num_rel_dis = (2 * config.image_bucket_size - 1) * (2 * config.image_bucket_size - 1) + 3
+        image_rp_bucket = make_image_bucket_position(config.image_bucket_size, image_num_rel_dis)
+        self.image_rel_pos_table_list = nn.ModuleList(
+            [Embedding(image_num_rel_dis, self.num_attention_heads, zero_init=True) for _ in
+             range(config.encoder_layers)]
+        )
+
+        if config.layernorm_embedding:
+            self.layernorm_embedding = LayerNorm(embed_dim)
+        else:
+            self.layernorm_embedding = None
+
+        self.register_buffer("token_rp_bucket", token_rp_bucket)
+        self.register_buffer("image_rp_bucket", image_rp_bucket)
+        self.entangle_position_embedding = config.entangle_position_embedding
+
+        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
+        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
+        self.post_init()
+
+    def get_input_embeddings(self):
+        r"""
+        Get the embedding weight.
+        """
+        return self.embed_tokens
+
+    def set_input_embeddings(self, value):
+        r"""
+        Set the weight of embedding with the given tensor.
+        """
+        self.embed_tokens = value
+
+    def get_rel_pos_bias(self, x, idx):
+        r"""
+        Get the relative positional bias of the text, for attention.
+        """
+
+        seq_len = x.size(1)
+        rp_bucket = self.token_rp_bucket[:seq_len, :seq_len]
+        values = F.embedding(rp_bucket, self.token_rel_pos_table_list[idx].weight)
+        values = values.unsqueeze(0).expand(x.size(0), -1, -1, -1)
+        values = values.permute([0, 3, 1, 2])
+        return values.contiguous()
+
+    def get_image_rel_pos_bias(self, image_position_ids, idx):
+        r"""
+        Get the relative positional bias of the image, for attention.
+        """
+
+        bsz, seq_len = image_position_ids.shape
+        rp_bucket_size = self.image_rp_bucket.size(1)
+
+        rp_bucket = self.image_rp_bucket.unsqueeze(0).expand(
+            bsz, rp_bucket_size, rp_bucket_size
+        ).gather(1, image_position_ids[:, :, None].expand(bsz, seq_len, rp_bucket_size)
+                 ).gather(2, image_position_ids[:, None, :].expand(bsz, seq_len, seq_len))
+        values = F.embedding(rp_bucket, self.image_rel_pos_table_list[idx].weight)
+        values = values.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
+        return values
+
+    def get_patch_images_info(self, patch_images, sample_patch_num, device):
+        r"""
+        Get the basic information of the resized image.
+
+        Args:
+            patch_images (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 3, height, width)`): the resized image.
+            sample_patch_num (`int`):
+                the number of patches to sample. If it is equal to -1, no sampling will be performed.
+            device: GPU device.
+
+        Returns:
+            image_embed (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, h * w, hidden)`): the output of the visual encoder.
+            image_num_patches (`int`, equal to `h * w`): the number of patches.
+            image_padding_mask (`torch.BooleanTensor` of shape `(bsz, h*w)`): image padding mask.
+            image_position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(bsz, h*w)`): image position ids.
+            image_pos_embed (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape (bsz, h*w, hidden)): the positional embedding.
+        """
+
+        image_embed = self.embed_images(patch_images)
+        h, w = image_embed.shape[-2:]
+        image_num_patches = h * w
+        image_padding_mask = patch_images.new_zeros((patch_images.size(0), image_num_patches)).bool()
+        image_position_idx = torch.arange(w).unsqueeze(0).expand(h, w) + \
+                             torch.arange(h).unsqueeze(1) * self.image_bucket_size + 1
+        image_position_idx = image_position_idx.view(-1).to(device)
+        image_position_ids = image_position_idx[None, :].expand(patch_images.size(0), image_num_patches)
+
+        image_embed = image_embed.flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)
+        if sample_patch_num is not None:
+            patch_orders = [
+                random.sample(range(image_num_patches), k=sample_patch_num)
+                for _ in range(patch_images.size(0))
+            ]
+            patch_orders = torch.LongTensor(patch_orders, device=device)
+            image_embed = image_embed.gather(
+                1, patch_orders.unsqueeze(2).expand(-1, -1, image_embed.size(2))
+            )
+            image_num_patches = sample_patch_num
+            image_padding_mask = image_padding_mask.gather(1, patch_orders)
+            image_position_ids = image_position_ids.gather(1, patch_orders)
+        image_pos_embed = self.embed_image_positions(image_position_ids)
+
+        return image_embed, image_num_patches, image_padding_mask, image_position_ids, image_pos_embed
+
+    def forward_embedding(
+            self,
+            input_ids,
+            image_embed: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+            image_embed_2: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+            token_embedding: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+            pos_embed: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+            image_pos_embed: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+            image_pos_embed_2: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
+    ):
+        r"""
+        Generate embeddings of both the image and the text.
+        Actually since TiO unifies both unimodal and multimodal data,
+        image inputs are optional.
+
+        Args:
+            input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): indices of the tokens in the vocabulary.
+            image_embed (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, h*w, embed_dim)`, *optional*): image embeddings.
+            image_embed_2 (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, h*w, embed_dim)`, *optional*):
+                image embeddings of the second image (if it exists).
+            token_embedding (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, embed_dim)`, *optional*):
+                input token embeddings to replace the embeddings of input ids.
+            image_pos_embed (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, h*w, embed_dim)`, *optional*):
+                positional embeddings of the image.
+            image_pos_embed_2 (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, h*w, embed_dim)`, *optional*):
+                positional embeddings of the second image.
+
+        Returns:
+            x (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, h*w+seq_len, embed_dim)`): embeddings of the input.
+            embed (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, h*w+seq_len, embed_dim)`):
+                embeddings without adding positional and type embeddings.
+        """
+
+        # embed tokens and positions
+        if token_embedding is None:
+            token_embedding = self.embed_tokens(input_ids)
+        x = embed = self.embed_scale * token_embedding
+        if self.entangle_position_embedding and pos_embed is not None:
+            x += pos_embed
+        if self.type_embedding is not None:
+            x += self.type_embedding(input_ids.new_zeros(x.size()[:2]))
+        if self.layernorm_embedding is not None:
+            x = self.layernorm_embedding(x)
+        x = self.dropout(x)
+
+        # embed raw images
+        if image_embed is not None:
+            image_embed = self.image_proj(image_embed)
+            image_x = image_embed = self.embed_scale * image_embed
+            if self.entangle_position_embedding and image_pos_embed is not None:
+                image_x += image_pos_embed
+            if self.type_embedding is not None:
+                image_x += self.type_embedding(input_ids.new_ones(image_x.size()[:2]))
+            if self.patch_layernorm_embedding is not None:
+                image_x = self.patch_layernorm_embedding(image_x)
+            image_x = self.dropout(image_x)
+            x = torch.cat([image_x, x], dim=1)
+            embed = torch.cat([image_embed, embed], dim=1)
+
+        if image_embed_2 is not None:
+            assert self.type_embedding is not None
+            image_embed_2 = self.image_proj(image_embed_2)
+            image_x_2 = image_embed_2 = self.embed_scale * image_embed_2
+            if self.entangle_position_embedding and image_pos_embed_2 is not None:
+                image_x_2 += image_pos_embed_2
+            if self.type_embedding is not None:
+                image_x_2 += self.type_embedding(input_ids.new_full(image_x_2.size()[:2], fill_value=2))
+            if self.patch_layernorm_embedding is not None:
+                image_x_2 = self.patch_layernorm_embedding(image_x_2)
+            image_x_2 = self.dropout(image_x_2)
+            if self.quant_noise is not None:
+                image_x_2 = self.quant_noise(image_x_2)
+            x = torch.cat([image_x_2, x], dim=1)
+            embed = torch.cat([image_embed_2, embed], dim=1)
+
+        return x, embed
+
+    def reorder_encoder_out(self, encoder_out, new_order):
+        """
+        Reorder encoder output according to *new_order*.
+
+        Args:
+            encoder_out: output from the ``forward()`` method
+            new_order (LongTensor): desired order
+
+        Returns:
+            *encoder_out* rearranged according to *new_order*
+        """
+
+        if "last_hidden_state" not in encoder_out:
+            new_encoder_out = None
+        else:
+            new_encoder_out = encoder_out["last_hidden_state"].index_select(0, new_order)
+
+        if "padding_mask" not in encoder_out:
+            new_encoder_padding_mask = None
+        else:
+            new_encoder_padding_mask = encoder_out["padding_mask"].index_select(0, new_order)
+
+
+        if "position_embedding" not in encoder_out:
+            new_position_embeddings = None
+        else:
+            new_position_embeddings = encoder_out["position_embedding"].index_select(0, new_order)
+
+        if "hidden_states" not in encoder_out:
+            new_encoer_states = None
+        else:
+            encoder_states = encoder_out["hidden_states"]
+            new_encoer_states = ()
+            if len(encoder_states) > 0:
+                for idx, state in enumerate(encoder_states):
+                    new_encoer_states += (state.index_select(0, new_order),)
+
+        if "attentions" not in encoder_out:
+            attentions = None
+        else:
+            attentions = encoder_out["attentions"]
+
+        return TiOEncoderOutput(
+            last_hidden_state=new_encoder_out,
+            padding_mask=new_encoder_padding_mask,
+            hidden_states=new_encoer_states,
+            attentions=attentions,
+            position_embedding=new_position_embeddings
+        )
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids=None,
+        patch_images: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        patch_images_2: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        patch_masks: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        output_attentions: bool = False,
+        output_hidden_states: bool = False,
+        token_embeddings: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        sample_patch_num: Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
+        r"""
+        Args:
+            input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`):
+                indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabular, and padding will be ignored by default;
+
+                indices can be obtained using [`~TiOTokenizer`].
+
+            patch_images (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 3, height, width)`):
+                the resized image, which are transformed by the default operations.
+            patch_images_2 (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 3, height, width)`):
+                the second (if it exists) image.
+            patch_masks (`torch.BoolTensor`): the patches to be masked.
+            output_attentions (`bool`): whether to return all attention weights,
+            output_hidden_states (`bool`): whether to return all hidden states.
+            token_embeddings (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, embed_dim)`): token embeddings.
+            sample_patch_num (`int`): the number of patches to sample.
+
+        Returns:
+            [`TiOEncoderOutput`]:
+                last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, embed_dim)`):
+                    the states of the last layer.
+                padding_mask (`torch.BoolTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`):
+                    the padding mask of the source context.
+                hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, embed_dim)`):
+                    the states of all layers including the embeddings.
+                attentions (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, num_heads, seq_len, seq_len)`):
+                    the attention weights of all layers.
+                position_embedding (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, embed_dim)`):
+                    positional embeddings of the input image and tokens.
+        """
+
+        image_embed = None
+        image_embed_2 = None
+        image_pos_embed = None
+        image_pos_embed_2 = None
+        if patch_images is not None:
+            image_embed, image_num_patches, image_padding_mask, image_position_ids, image_pos_embed = \
+                self.get_patch_images_info(patch_images, sample_patch_num, input_ids.device)
+            # image_padding_mask[~patch_masks] = True # comment the line to temporarily fix the bug of mismatch
+        if patch_images_2 is not None:
+            image_embed_2, image_num_patches_2, image_padding_mask_2, image_position_ids_2, image_pos_embed_2 = \
+                self.get_patch_images_info(patch_images_2, sample_patch_num, input_ids.device)
+            image_padding_mask_2[~patch_masks] = True
+
+        encoder_padding_mask = input_ids.eq(self.padding_idx)
+        if patch_images is not None:
+            encoder_padding_mask = torch.cat([image_padding_mask, encoder_padding_mask], dim=1)
+        if patch_images_2 is not None:
+            encoder_padding_mask = torch.cat([image_padding_mask_2, encoder_padding_mask], dim=1)
+        has_pads = encoder_padding_mask.any()
+
+        pos_embed = self.embed_positions(new_arange(input_ids))
+        x, encoder_embedding = self.forward_embedding(
+            input_ids, image_embed, image_embed_2, token_embeddings,
+            pos_embed, image_pos_embed, image_pos_embed_2
+        )
+
+        # account for padding while computing the representation
+        if has_pads:
+            x = x * (1 - encoder_padding_mask.unsqueeze(-1).type_as(x))
+
+        pos_embed = self.pos_ln(pos_embed)
+        if patch_images is not None:
+            image_pos_embed = self.image_pos_ln(image_pos_embed)
+            pos_embed = torch.cat([image_pos_embed, pos_embed], dim=1)
+        if patch_images_2 is not None:
+            image_pos_embed_2 = self.image_pos_ln(image_pos_embed_2)
+            pos_embed = torch.cat([image_pos_embed_2, pos_embed], dim=1)
+
+        pos_q = self.pos_q_linear(pos_embed).view(
+            x.size(0), x.size(1), self.num_attention_heads, -1
+        ).transpose(1, 2) * self.pos_scaling
+        pos_k = self.pos_k_linear(pos_embed).view(
+            x.size(0), x.size(1), self.num_attention_heads, -1
+        ).transpose(1, 2)
+        abs_pos_bias = torch.matmul(pos_q, pos_k.transpose(2, 3))
+
+        # expand attention_mask
+        if has_pads:
+            # [bsz, seq_len] -> [bsz, 1, tgt_seq_len, src_seq_len]
+            attention_mask = _expand_mask(~encoder_padding_mask, dtype=x.dtype)
+
+        encoder_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
+        all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
+
+        # encoder layers
+        for idx, layer in enumerate(self.layers):
+            if output_hidden_states:
+                encoder_states += (x,)
+            self_attn_bias = abs_pos_bias.clone()
+            self_attn_bias[:, :, -input_ids.size(1):, -input_ids.size(1):] += self.get_rel_pos_bias(input_ids, idx)
+            if patch_images_2 is not None:
+                self_attn_bias[:, :, :image_num_patches_2, :image_num_patches_2] += \
+                    self.get_image_rel_pos_bias(image_position_ids_2, idx)
+                self_attn_bias[:, :, image_num_patches_2:image_num_patches_2 + image_num_patches,
+                image_num_patches_2:image_num_patches_2 + image_num_patches] += \
+                    self.get_image_rel_pos_bias(image_position_ids, idx)
+            elif patch_images is not None:
+                self_attn_bias[:, :, :x.size(1) - input_ids.size(1), :x.size(1) - input_ids.size(1)] += \
+                    self.get_image_rel_pos_bias(image_position_ids, idx)
+            self_attn_bias = self_attn_bias.reshape(-1, x.size(1), x.size(1))
+
+            hidden_outputs = layer(x, attention_mask if has_pads else None, attn_bias=self_attn_bias, output_attentions=output_attentions)
+            x = hidden_outputs[0]
+
+            if output_attentions:
+                attention = hidden_outputs[1]
+                all_attentions = all_attentions + (attention,)
+
+        if output_hidden_states:
+            encoder_states += (x,)
+
+        if self.layer_norm is not None:
+            x = self.layer_norm(x)
+
+        return TiOEncoderOutput(
+            last_hidden_state=x,
+            padding_mask=encoder_padding_mask,
+            hidden_states=encoder_states,
+            attentions=all_attentions,
+            position_embedding=pos_embed,
+        )
+
+
+class TiODecoder(TiOPreTrainedModel):
+    r"""
+    TiO decoder consisting of layers of [`TiODecoderLayer`]
+
+    Args:
+        config: TiOConfig
+        embed_tokens (`nn.Embedding`, *optional*): output embedding
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: TiOConfig, embed_tokens: Optional[nn.Embedding] = None, output_projection=None):
+        super().__init__(config)
+        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout)
+        self.decoder_layerdrop = config.decoder_layerdrop
+        self.padding_idx = config.pad_token_id
+        self.max_target_positions = config.max_position_embeddings
+        self.embed_scale = math.sqrt(config.d_model) if config.scale_embedding else 1.0
+
+        self._future_mask = torch.empty(0)
+        self.share_input_output_embed = config.share_decoder_input_output_embed
+        self.num_attention_heads = config.decoder_attention_heads
+
+        if embed_tokens is not None:
+            self.embed_tokens = embed_tokens
+        else:
+            self.embed_tokens = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.d_model, self.padding_idx)
+
+        self.embed_dim = config.d_model
+        self.output_embed_dim = config.d_model
+
+        self.layers = nn.ModuleList([TiODecoderLayer(config) for _ in range(config.decoder_layers)])
+        if config.layernorm_embedding:
+            self.layernorm_embedding = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
+        else:
+            self.layernorm_embedding = None
+
+        self.window_size = config.code_image_size // 8
+
+        self.embed_positions = Embedding(self.max_target_positions + 2, self.embed_dim)
+        self.embed_image_positions = Embedding(config.image_bucket_size**2 + 1, self.embed_dim)
+        self.pos_ln = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
+        self.image_pos_ln = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
+        self.pos_scaling = float(self.embed_dim / self.num_attention_heads * config.attn_scale_factor) ** -0.5
+        self.self_pos_q_linear = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
+        self.self_pos_k_linear = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
+        self.cross_pos_q_linear = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
+        self.cross_pos_k_linear = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, self.embed_dim)
+
+        if config.code_layernorm_embedding:
+            self.code_layernorm_embedding = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
+        else:
+            self.code_layernorm_embedding = None
+
+        if self.decoder_layerdrop > 0.0:
+            self.layers = LayerDropModuleList(p=self.decoder_layerdrop)
+        else:
+            self.layers = nn.ModuleList([])
+
+        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, config.decoder_drop_path_rate, config.decoder_layers)]
+        self.layers.extend([TiODecoderLayer(config, drop_path_rate=dpr[i]) for i in range(config.decoder_layers)])
+        self.num_layers = len(self.layers)
+
+        if config.decoder_normalize_before:
+            self.layer_norm = LayerNorm(self.embed_dim)
+        else:
+            self.layer_norm = None
+
+        self.adaptive_softmax = None
+        self.output_projection = output_projection
+        if self.output_projection is None:
+            self.build_output_projection(config)
+
+        self.token_bucket_size = config.token_bucket_size
+        token_num_rel_dis = 2 * config.token_bucket_size - 1
+        token_rp_bucket = make_token_bucket_position(config.token_bucket_size)
+        self.token_rel_pos_table_list = nn.ModuleList(
+            [
+                Embedding(token_num_rel_dis, self.num_attention_heads, zero_init=True)
+                for _ in range(config.decoder_layers)
+            ]
+        )
+
+        self.image_bucket_size = config.image_bucket_size
+        image_num_rel_dis = (2 * config.image_bucket_size - 1) * (2 * config.image_bucket_size - 1) + 3
+        image_rp_bucket = make_image_bucket_position(config.image_bucket_size, image_num_rel_dis)
+        image_position_idx = torch.arange(self.window_size).unsqueeze(0).expand(self.window_size, self.window_size) + \
+                             torch.arange(self.window_size).unsqueeze(1) * config.image_bucket_size + 1
+        image_position_idx = torch.cat([torch.tensor([0]), image_position_idx.view(-1)])
+        image_position_idx = torch.cat([image_position_idx, torch.tensor([1024] * 768)])
+        self.image_rel_pos_table_list = nn.ModuleList(
+            [
+                Embedding(image_num_rel_dis, self.num_attention_heads, zero_init=True)
+                for _ in range(config.decoder_layers)
+            ]
+        )
+
+        self.register_buffer("token_rp_bucket", token_rp_bucket)
+        self.register_buffer("image_rp_bucket", image_rp_bucket)
+        self.register_buffer("image_position_idx", image_position_idx)
+        self.entangle_position_embedding = config.entangle_position_embedding
+
+        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
+        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
+        self.post_init()
+
+    def build_output_projection(self, config):
+        if self.share_input_output_embed:
+            self.output_projection = nn.Linear(
+                self.embed_tokens.weight.shape[1],
+                self.embed_tokens.weight.shape[0],
+                bias=False,
+            )
+            self.output_projection.weight = self.embed_tokens.weight
+        else:
+            self.output_projection = nn.Linear(
+                self.output_embed_dim, config.vocab_size, bias=False
+            )
+            nn.init.normal_(self.output_projection.weight, mean=0, std=self.output_embed_dim**-0.5)
+
+    def get_rel_pos_bias(self, x, idx):
+        r"""
+        Get the relative positional bias of the text, for attention.
+        """
+
+        seq_len = x.size(1)
+        rp_bucket = self.token_rp_bucket[:seq_len, :seq_len]
+        values = F.embedding(rp_bucket, self.token_rel_pos_table_list[idx].weight)
+        values = values.permute([2, 0, 1])
+        return values.contiguous()
+
+    def get_image_rel_pos_bias(self, x, idx):
+        r"""
+        Get the relative positional bias of the image, for attention.
+        """
+
+        seq_len = x.size(1)
+        image_position_idx = self.image_position_idx[:seq_len]
+        rp_bucket = self.image_rp_bucket[image_position_idx][:, image_position_idx]
+        values = F.embedding(rp_bucket, self.image_rel_pos_table_list[idx].weight)
+        values = values.permute(2, 0, 1)
+        return values
+
+    def get_pos_info(self, tgt_pos_embed, src_pos_embed=None, use_image=False):
+        r"""
+        Get the positional information.
+
+        Args:
+            tgt_pos_embed (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, tgt_len, embed_dim)`):
+                the target-side positional embeddings.
+            src_pos_embed (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, src_len, embed_dim)`, *optional*):
+                the source-side positional embeddings.
+            use_image (`bool`): whether to use image.
+
+        Returns:
+            abs_pos_bias (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, src_len, tgt_len, src_len)`):
+                absolute positional bias for attention.
+        """
+
+        batch_size = tgt_pos_embed.size(0)
+        tgt_len = tgt_pos_embed.size(1)
+        tgt_pos_embed = self.image_pos_ln(tgt_pos_embed) if use_image else self.pos_ln(tgt_pos_embed)
+
+        if src_pos_embed is not None:
+            src_len = src_pos_embed.size(1)
+            pos_q = self.cross_pos_q_linear(tgt_pos_embed).view(
+                batch_size, tgt_len, self.num_attention_heads, -1
+            ).transpose(1, 2) * self.pos_scaling
+            pos_k = self.cross_pos_k_linear(src_pos_embed).view(
+                batch_size, src_len, self.num_attention_heads, -1
+            ).transpose(1, 2)
+        else:
+            src_len = tgt_pos_embed.size(1)
+            pos_q = self.self_pos_q_linear(tgt_pos_embed).view(
+                batch_size, tgt_len, self.num_attention_heads, -1
+            ).transpose(1, 2) * self.pos_scaling
+            pos_k = self.self_pos_k_linear(tgt_pos_embed).view(
+                batch_size, src_len, self.num_attention_heads, -1
+            ).transpose(1, 2)
+        abs_pos_bias = torch.matmul(pos_q, pos_k.transpose(2, 3))
+
+        return abs_pos_bias
+
+    def get_input_embeddings(self):
+        r"""
+        Get the input embeddings
+        """
+        return self.embed_tokens
+
+    def set_input_embeddings(self, value):
+        r"""
+        Set the weights of the embeddings with the given tensor.
+        """
+        self.embed_tokens = value
+
+    def _prepare_decoder_attention_mask(self, attention_mask, input_shape, dtype, past_key_values_length):
+        r"""
+        Create causal mask for unidirectional decoding.
+        [bsz, seq_len] -> [bsz, 1, tgt_seq_len, src_seq_len]
+        """
+        combined_attention_mask = None
+        if input_shape[-1] > 1:
+            combined_attention_mask = _make_causal_mask(
+                input_shape, dtype, past_key_values_length=past_key_values_length
+            )
+
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            # [bsz, seq_len] -> [bsz, 1, tgt_seq_len, src_seq_len]
+            expanded_attn_mask = _expand_mask(attention_mask, dtype, tgt_len=input_shape[-1])
+            combined_attention_mask = (
+                expanded_attn_mask if combined_attention_mask is None else expanded_attn_mask + combined_attention_mask.to(expanded_attn_mask.device)
+            )
+
+        return combined_attention_mask
+
+    def max_positions(self):
+        """Maximum output length supported by the decoder."""
+        if self.embed_positions is None:
+            return self.max_target_positions
+        return self.max_target_positions
+
+    def get_normalized_probs(
+        self,
+        net_output: Tuple[Tensor, Optional[Dict[str, List[Optional[Tensor]]]]],
+        log_probs: bool,
+        sample: Optional[Dict[str, Tensor]] = None,
+    ):
+        """Get normalized probabilities (or log probs) from a net's output."""
+        return self.get_normalized_probs_scriptable(net_output, log_probs, sample)
+
+    def get_normalized_probs_scriptable(
+        self,
+        net_output: Tuple[Tensor, Optional[Dict[str, List[Optional[Tensor]]]]],
+        log_probs: bool,
+        sample: Optional[Dict[str, Tensor]] = None,
+    ):
+        """Get normalized probabilities (or log probs) from a net's output."""
+
+        if hasattr(self, "adaptive_softmax") and self.adaptive_softmax is not None:
+            if sample is not None:
+                assert "target" in sample
+                target = sample["target"]
+            else:
+                target = None
+            out = self.adaptive_softmax.get_log_prob(net_output[0], target=target)
+            return out.exp_() if not log_probs else out
+
+        logits = net_output[0]
+        if log_probs:
+            return F.log_softmax(logits, dim=-1)
+        else:
+            return F.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
+
+    def reorder_incremental_state_scripting(
+        self,
+        # incremental_state: Dict[str, Dict[str, Optional[Tensor]]],
+        past_key_values: Optional[torch.Tensor],
+        new_order: Tensor,
+    ):
+        """Main entry point for reordering the incremental state.
+
+        Due to limitations in TorchScript, we call this function in
+        :class:`fairseq.sequence_generator.SequenceGenerator` instead of
+        calling :func:`reorder_incremental_state` directly.
+        """
+        input_buffer = past_key_values
+        new_past_key_values = []
+        if input_buffer is not None:
+            for input_buffer_k in input_buffer:
+                new_input_buffer_k = []
+                for input in input_buffer_k:
+                    if input is None:
+                        input = None
+                    else:
+                        input = input.index_select(0, new_order)
+                    new_input_buffer_k.append(input)
+                new_past_key_values.append(new_input_buffer_k)
+        return new_past_key_values
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids: torch.Tensor = None,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor = None,
+        encoder_hidden_states: torch.Tensor = None,
+        encoder_attention_mask: torch.Tensor = None,
+        code_masks: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        src_pos_embed: torch.Tensor = None,
+        past_key_values: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+        use_cache: bool = False,
+        output_attentions: bool = False,
+        output_hidden_states: bool = False,
+    ):
+        r"""
+        Args:
+            input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): indices of the sequence in the vocabulary.
+            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): mask to avoid attention on padding tokens.
+            encoder_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, hidden)`): the last hidden state of the encoder.
+            encoder_attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): the padding mask of the source side.
+            code_masks (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): masks only for code generation.
+            src_pos_embed (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, hidden)`): the positional embeddings of the source side.
+            past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, *optional*, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed):
+                Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of
+                shape `(bsz, num_heads, tgt_len, head_size)`) and 2 additional tensors of
+                shape `(bsz, num_heads, src_len, head_size)`.
+            use_cache (`bool`): whether to use cache for faster inference.
+            output_attentions (`bool`): whether to output attention weights.
+            output_hidden_states (`bool`): whether to output hidden states.
+
+        Returns:
+            BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions or a plain tuple:
+                last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, hidden)`): the last hidden states.
+                past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)): past keys and values for faster inference.
+                hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`): hidden states of all layers.
+                attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)): self attention weights of all layers.
+                cross_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)): cross attention weights of all layers.
+        """
+
+        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
+        output_hidden_states = (
+            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
+        )
+        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
+
+        if past_key_values is not None and len(past_key_values)>0:
+            size = past_key_values[0][0].size()
+            bsz, tgt_len = size[0], size[-2] + 1
+            token_position_idx = torch.arange(tgt_len, device=input_ids.device).expand([bsz, tgt_len]).contiguous()
+        else:
+            bsz, tgt_len = input_ids.shape
+            token_position_idx = new_arange(input_ids)
+        tgt_pos_embed = self.embed_positions(token_position_idx)
+        if code_masks is not None and torch.any(code_masks):
+            image_position_idx = self.image_position_idx[:input_ids.size(1)].unsqueeze(0).expand(bsz, tgt_len)
+            tgt_pos_embed[code_masks] = self.embed_image_positions(image_position_idx)[code_masks]
+
+        # self attn position bias
+        self_abs_pos_bias = self.get_pos_info(tgt_pos_embed, use_image=False)
+        if code_masks is not None and torch.any(code_masks):
+            self_image_abs_pos_bias = self.get_pos_info(tgt_pos_embed, use_image=True)
+            self_abs_pos_bias[code_masks] = self_image_abs_pos_bias[code_masks]
+        # cross attn position bias
+        cross_abs_pos_bias = self.get_pos_info(tgt_pos_embed, src_pos_embed=src_pos_embed)
+        if code_masks is not None and torch.any(code_masks):
+            cross_image_abs_pos_bias = self.get_pos_info(tgt_pos_embed, src_pos_embed=src_pos_embed, use_image=True)
+            cross_abs_pos_bias[code_masks] = cross_image_abs_pos_bias[code_masks]
+        cross_abs_pos_bias = cross_abs_pos_bias.reshape(-1, *cross_abs_pos_bias.size()[-2:])
+
+        all_prev_output_tokens = input_ids.clone()
+        if past_key_values is not None and len(past_key_values)>0:
+            input_ids = input_ids[:, -1:]
+            cross_abs_pos_bias = cross_abs_pos_bias[:, -1:, :]
+            tgt_pos_embed = tgt_pos_embed[:, -1:, :]
+
+        # embed tokens and positions
+        x = self.embed_scale * self.embed_tokens(input_ids)
+
+
+        if self.entangle_position_embedding and not self.disable_entangle:
+            x += tgt_pos_embed
+
+        if self.layernorm_embedding is not None:
+            if code_masks is None or not code_masks.any() or not self.code_layernorm_embedding:
+                x = self.layernorm_embedding(x)
+            elif code_masks is not None and code_masks.all():
+                x = self.code_layernorm_embedding(x)
+            else:
+                x[~code_masks] = self.layernorm_embedding(x[~code_masks])
+                x[code_masks] = self.code_layernorm_embedding(x[code_masks])
+
+        hidden_states = self.dropout(x)
+
+        # past_key_values_length
+        past_key_values_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] if past_key_values is not None and len(past_key_values)>0 else 0
+
+        shape, dtype = input_ids.shape, hidden_states.dtype
+        attention_mask = self._prepare_decoder_attention_mask(attention_mask, shape, dtype, past_key_values_length)
+
+        # decoder layers
+        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
+        all_self_attns = () if output_attentions else None
+        all_cross_attentions = () if (output_attentions and encoder_hidden_states is not None) else None
+        next_decoder_cache = () if use_cache else None
+
+        # decoder layers
+        for idx, layer in enumerate(self.layers):
+            # add hidden states from the last decoder layer
+            if output_hidden_states:
+                all_hidden_states += (hidden_states,)
+
+            past_key_value = past_key_values[idx] if past_key_values is not None and len(past_key_values)>0 else None
+
+            self_attn_bias = self_abs_pos_bias.clone()
+            if code_masks is None or not code_masks.any():
+                self_attn_bias += self.get_rel_pos_bias(all_prev_output_tokens, idx).unsqueeze(0)
+            elif code_masks is not None and code_masks.all():
+                self_attn_bias += self.get_image_rel_pos_bias(all_prev_output_tokens, idx).unsqueeze(0)
+            else:
+                self_attn_bias[~code_masks] += self.get_rel_pos_bias(all_prev_output_tokens, idx).unsqueeze(0)
+                self_attn_bias[code_masks] += self.get_image_rel_pos_bias(all_prev_output_tokens, idx).unsqueeze(0)
+            self_attn_bias = self_attn_bias.reshape(-1, *self_attn_bias.size()[-2:])
+            if past_key_value is not None and len(past_key_values)>0 :
+                self_attn_bias = self_attn_bias[:, -1:, :]
+
+            layer_outputs = layer(
+                hidden_states,
+                attention_mask=attention_mask,
+                encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
+                encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
+                past_key_value=past_key_value,
+                output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                use_cache=use_cache,
+                self_attn_bias=self_attn_bias,
+                cross_attn_bias=cross_abs_pos_bias,
+            )
+            hidden_states = layer_outputs[0]
+
+            if use_cache:
+                next_decoder_cache += (layer_outputs[3 if output_attentions else 1],)
+
+            if output_attentions:
+                all_self_attns += (layer_outputs[1],)
+
+                if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
+                    all_cross_attentions += (layer_outputs[2],)
+
+        # add hidden states from the last decoder layer
+        if output_hidden_states:
+            all_hidden_states += (hidden_states,)
+
+        next_cache = next_decoder_cache if use_cache else None
+
+        if self.layer_norm is not None:
+            hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
+
+        if self.output_projection is not None:
+            hidden_states = self.output_projection(hidden_states)
+
+        return BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
+            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
+            past_key_values=next_cache,
+            hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
+            attentions=all_self_attns,
+            cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
+        )
+
+
+# @add_start_docstrings(
+#     "The bare TiO Model outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
+#     TiO_START_DOCSTRING,
+# )
+class TiOModel(TiOPreTrainedModel):
+    r"""
+    The TiO model built with an encoder and a decoder only, without any classification head.
+
+    Args:
+        config (TiOConfig): TiO configuration.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: TiOConfig,  **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(config)
+        self.disable_entangle = getattr(kwargs,'disable_entangle',False)
+
+        self.padding_idx, vocab_size = config.pad_token_id, config.vocab_size
+        shared = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, config.d_model, self.padding_idx)
+
+        self.encoder = TiOEncoder(config, shared)
+        self.decoder = TiODecoder(config, shared)
+
+        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
+        self.post_init()
+
+    def get_input_embeddings(self):
+        r"""
+        Retrieve input embeddings.
+        """
+        return self.encoder.get_input_embeddings()
+
+    def set_input_embeddings(self, value):
+        r"""
+        Set values for input embeddings
+        """
+        shared = value
+        self.encoder.embed_tokens = shared
+        self.decoder.embed_tokens = shared
+
+    def get_encoder(self):
+        r"""
+        Retrieve the encoder
+        """
+        return self.encoder
+
+    def get_decoder(self):
+        r"""
+        Retrieve the decoder
+        """
+        return self.decoder
+
+    # @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(TiO_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
+    # @add_code_sample_docstrings(
+    #     processor_class=_TOKENIZER_FOR_DOC,
+    #     checkpoint=_CHECKPOINT_FOR_DOC,
+    #     output_type=Seq2SeqModelOutput,
+    #     config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC,
+    # )
+
+    def max_decoder_positions(self):
+        """Maximum length supported by the decoder."""
+        return self.decoder.max_positions()
+
+    def get_normalized_probs(
+            self,
+            net_output: Tuple[Tensor, Optional[Dict[str, List[Optional[Tensor]]]]],
+            log_probs: bool,
+            sample: Optional[Dict[str, Tensor]] = None,
+    ):
+        """Get normalized probabilities (or log probs) from a net's output."""
+        return self.get_normalized_probs_scriptable(net_output, log_probs, sample)
+
+
+    def get_normalized_probs_scriptable(
+            self,
+            net_output: Tuple[Tensor, Optional[Dict[str, List[Optional[Tensor]]]]],
+            log_probs: bool,
+            sample: Optional[Dict[str, Tensor]] = None,
+    ):
+        """Scriptable helper function for get_normalized_probs in ~BaseFairseqModel"""
+        if hasattr(self, "decoder"):
+            return self.decoder.get_normalized_probs(net_output, log_probs, sample)
+        elif torch.is_tensor(net_output):
+            # syntactic sugar for simple models which don't have a decoder
+            # (e.g., the classification tutorial)
+            logits = net_output.float()
+            if log_probs:
+                return F.log_softmax(logits, dim=-1)
+            else:
+                return F.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def forward(
+            self,
+            input_ids=None,
+            patch_images=None,
+            patch_images_2=None,
+            patch_masks=None,
+            token_embeddings=None,
+            sample_patch_num=None,
+            decoder_input_ids=None,
+            code_masks=None,
+            attention_mask=None,
+            encoder_outputs=None,
+            past_key_values=None,
+            use_cache=False,
+            output_attentions=False,
+            output_hidden_states=False,
+            return_dict=False,
+            **args
+    ):
+        r"""
+        Args:
+            input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`):
+                indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabular, and padding will be ignored by default;
+
+                indices can be obtained using [`~TiOTokenizer`].
+
+            patch_images (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 3, height, width)`):
+                the resized image, which are transformed by the default operations.
+            patch_images_2 (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, 3, height, width)`):
+                the second (if it exists) image.
+            patch_masks (`torch.BoolTensor`): the patches to be masked.
+            token_embeddings (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, embed_dim)`): token embeddings.
+            sample_patch_num (`int`): the number of patches to sample.
+            decoder_input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): indices of the sequence in the vocabulary.
+            code_masks (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): masks only for code generation.
+            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len)`): attention mask for decoding.
+            encoder_outputs (`TiOEncoderOutput`):
+                encoder outputs with hidden states, positional embeddings, and padding masks.
+            past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, *optional*, returned when `use_cache=True` is passed):
+                Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of
+                shape `(bsz, num_heads, tgt_len, head_size)`) and 2 additional tensors of
+                shape `(bsz, num_heads, src_len, head_size)`.
+            use_cache (`bool`): whether to use cache for faster inference.
+            output_attentions (`bool`): whether to output attention weights.
+            output_hidden_states (`bool`): whether to output hidden states.
+            return_dict (`bool`): unused. Keep it for generation only.
+
+        Returns:
+            Seq2SeqLMOutput:
+                logits (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, hidden)`): the last decoder hidden states.
+                past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)): past keys and values for faster inference.
+                decoder_hidden_states (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`): the decoder hidden states of all layers.
+                decoder_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)): the decoder self attention weights of all layers.
+                cross_attentions (`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)): cross attention weights of all layers.
+                encoder_last_hidden_state (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, embed_dim)`):
+                    the encoder last hidden state.
+                encoder_hidden_states (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, seq_len, embed_dim)`):
+                    the encoder states of all layers including the embeddings.
+                encoder_attentions (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(bsz, num_heads, seq_len, seq_len)`):
+                    the encoder attention weights of all layers.
+        """
+
+        # 适配新的tokenizer输入
+        patch_images = args.get("pixel_values", patch_images)
+        if "labels_attention_mask" in args:
+            attention_mask = args.get("labels_attention_mask")[:-1]
+            decoder_input_ids = args.get("labels")[:-1]
+
+        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions else self.config.output_attentions
+        output_hidden_states = output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states else self.config.output_hidden_states
+        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
+
+        if encoder_outputs is None:
+            encoder_outputs = self.encoder(
+                input_ids=input_ids,
+                patch_images=patch_images,
+                patch_images_2=patch_images_2,
+                patch_masks=patch_masks,
+                output_attentions=output_attentions,
+                output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
+                token_embeddings=token_embeddings,
+                sample_patch_num=sample_patch_num,
+            )
+
+        # if decoder_input_ids.eq(self.config.pad_token_id).any():
+        #     attention_mask = decoder_input_ids.eq(self.padding_idx)
+
+        encoder_hidden_states = encoder_outputs.last_hidden_state
+        if past_key_values is not None and len(past_key_values)>0:
+            encoder_attention_mask = _expand_mask(
+                ~encoder_outputs.padding_mask, encoder_hidden_states.dtype, decoder_input_ids[:, -1:].shape[-1]
+            )
+        else:
+            encoder_attention_mask = _expand_mask(
+                ~encoder_outputs.padding_mask, encoder_hidden_states.dtype, decoder_input_ids.shape[-1]
+            )
+        src_pos_embed = encoder_outputs.position_embedding
+
+        decoder_outputs = self.decoder(
+            input_ids=decoder_input_ids,
+            attention_mask=attention_mask,
+            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
+            encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
+            code_masks=code_masks,
+            src_pos_embed=src_pos_embed,
+            past_key_values=past_key_values,
+            use_cache=use_cache,
+            output_attentions=output_attentions,
+            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
+        )
+
+        logits = decoder_outputs.last_hidden_state
+        loss = None
+
+        return Seq2SeqLMOutput(
+            loss=loss,
+            logits=decoder_outputs.last_hidden_state,
+            past_key_values=decoder_outputs.past_key_values,
+            decoder_hidden_states=decoder_outputs.hidden_states,
+            decoder_attentions=decoder_outputs.attentions,
+            cross_attentions=decoder_outputs.cross_attentions,
+            encoder_last_hidden_state=encoder_outputs.last_hidden_state,
+            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_outputs.hidden_states,
+            encoder_attentions=encoder_outputs.attentions,
+        )
+
+    def prepare_inputs_for_generation(
+        self,
+        decoder_input_ids=None,
+        past=None,
+        attention_mask=None,
+        code_masks=None,
+        use_cache=False,
+        encoder_outputs=None,
+        **kwargs
+    ):
+        # if attention_mask is None:
+        attention_mask = decoder_input_ids.new_ones(decoder_input_ids.shape)
+
+        # cut decoder_input_ids if past is used
+        # if past is not None:
+        #     decoder_input_ids = decoder_input_ids[:, -1:]
+
+        return {
+            "input_ids": None,
+            "patch_images": None,
+            "patch_images_2": None,
+            "patch_masks": None,
+            "token_embeddings": None,
+            "sample_patch_num": None,
+            "attention_mask": attention_mask,
+            "encoder_outputs": encoder_outputs,
+            "past_key_values": past,
+            "decoder_input_ids": decoder_input_ids,
+            "code_masks": code_masks,
+            "use_cache": use_cache,
+        }
+
+    def prepare_decoder_input_ids_from_labels(self, labels: torch.Tensor):
+        return shift_tokens_right(labels, self.config.pad_token_id, self.config.decoder_start_token_id)
+
+    def _prepare_encoder_decoder_kwargs_for_generation(
+        self, inputs_tensor: torch.Tensor, model_kwargs, model_input_name: Optional[str] = None
+    ):
+        # 1. get encoder
+        encoder = self.get_encoder()
+
+        # 2. prepare encoder args and encoder kwargs from model kwargs
+        irrelevant_prefix = ["decoder_", "cross_attn", "use_cache", "attention_mask"]
+        encoder_kwargs = {
+            argument: value
+            for argument, value in model_kwargs.items()
+            if not any(argument.startswith(p) for p in irrelevant_prefix)
+        }
+
+        if encoder_kwargs.get("patch_masks") is None:
+            encoder_kwargs["patch_masks"] = torch.ones((len(inputs_tensor), 1), dtype=torch.bool, device=inputs_tensor.device)
+
+        # 3. make sure that encoder returns `ModelOutput`
+        model_input_name = model_input_name if model_input_name is not None else self.main_input_name
+        encoder_kwargs[model_input_name] = inputs_tensor
+        model_kwargs["encoder_outputs"]: ModelOutput = encoder(**encoder_kwargs)
+        model_kwargs["attention_mask"] = None
+
+        return model_kwargs
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _reorder_cache(past, beam_idx):
+        reordered_past = ()
+        for layer_past in past:
+            reordered_past += (tuple(past_state.index_select(0, beam_idx) for past_state in layer_past),)
+        return reordered_past
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _expand_inputs_for_generation(
+        input_ids: torch.LongTensor,
+        expand_size: int = 1,
+        is_encoder_decoder: bool = False,
+        attention_mask: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+        encoder_outputs: Optional[ModelOutput] = None,
+        **model_kwargs,
+    ):
+        expanded_return_idx = (
+            torch.arange(input_ids.shape[0]).view(-1, 1).repeat(1, expand_size).view(-1).to(input_ids.device)
+        )
+        input_ids = input_ids.index_select(0, expanded_return_idx)
+
+        if "token_type_ids" in model_kwargs:
+            token_type_ids = model_kwargs["token_type_ids"]
+            model_kwargs["token_type_ids"] = token_type_ids.index_select(0, expanded_return_idx)
+
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            model_kwargs["attention_mask"] = attention_mask.index_select(0, expanded_return_idx)
+
+        if is_encoder_decoder:
+            if encoder_outputs is None:
+                raise ValueError("If `is_encoder_decoder` is True, make sure that `encoder_outputs` is defined.")
+            encoder_outputs["last_hidden_state"] = encoder_outputs.last_hidden_state.index_select(
+                0, expanded_return_idx.to(encoder_outputs.last_hidden_state.device)
+            )
+            encoder_outputs["position_embedding"] = encoder_outputs.position_embedding.index_select(
+                0, expanded_return_idx.to(encoder_outputs.position_embedding.device)
+            )
+            encoder_outputs["padding_mask"] = encoder_outputs.padding_mask.index_select(
+                0, expanded_return_idx.to(encoder_outputs.padding_mask.device)
+            )
+            model_kwargs["encoder_outputs"] = encoder_outputs
+        return input_ids, model_kwargs
+
+
+from .utils_tio import Utils
+from .gradio_app import get_gradio_demo
+TiOModel.utils = Utils
+TiOModel.get_gradio_demo = get_gradio_demo

preprocessor_config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+  "crop_pct": 0.875,
+  "do_normalize": true,
+  "do_rescale": true,
+  "do_resize": true,
+  "image_mean": [
+    0.5,
+    0.5,
+    0.5
+  ],
+  "image_processor_type": "ConvNextImageProcessor",
+  "image_std": [
+    0.5,
+    0.5,
+    0.5
+  ],
+  "resample": 3,
+  "rescale_factor": 0.00392156862745098,
+  "size": {
+    "shortest_edge": 512
+  }
+}

resnet.py

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+# [Apache-2.0] Copyed from https://github.com/OFA-Sys/OFA
+# Copyright 2022 The OFA-Sys Team. All rights reserved.
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+
+
+def drop_path(x, drop_prob: float = 0.0, training: bool = False):
+    """Drop paths (Stochastic Depth) per sample (when applied in main path of residual blocks).
+    This is the same as the DropConnect impl I created for EfficientNet, etc networks, however,
+    the original name is misleading as 'Drop Connect' is a.sh different form of dropout in a.sh separate paper...
+    See discussion: https://github.com/tensorflow/tpu/issues/494#issuecomment-532968956 ... I've opted for
+    changing the layer and argument names to 'drop path' rather than mix DropConnect as a.sh layer name and use
+    'survival rate' as the argument.
+    """
+    if drop_prob == 0.0 or not training:
+        return x
+    keep_prob = 1 - drop_prob
+    shape = (x.shape[0],) + (1,) * (x.ndim - 1)  # work with diff dim tensors, not just 2D ConvNets
+    random_tensor = keep_prob + torch.rand(shape, dtype=x.dtype, device=x.device)
+    random_tensor.floor_()  # binarize
+    output = x.div(keep_prob) * random_tensor
+    return output
+
+
+class DropPath(nn.Module):
+    """Drop paths (Stochastic Depth) per sample  (when applied in main path of residual blocks)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, drop_prob=None):
+        super(DropPath, self).__init__()
+        self.drop_prob = drop_prob
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        return drop_path(x, self.drop_prob, self.training)
+
+
+def conv3x3(in_planes, out_planes, stride=1, groups=1, dilation=1):
+    """3x3 convolution with padding"""
+    return nn.Conv2d(
+        in_planes,
+        out_planes,
+        kernel_size=3,
+        stride=stride,
+        padding=dilation,
+        groups=groups,
+        bias=False,
+        dilation=dilation,
+    )
+
+
+def conv1x1(in_planes, out_planes, stride=1):
+    """1x1 convolution"""
+    return nn.Conv2d(in_planes, out_planes, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False)
+
+
+class BasicBlock(nn.Module):
+    expansion = 1
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, inplanes, planes, stride=1, downsample=None, groups=1, base_width=64, dilation=1, norm_layer=None
+    ):
+        super(BasicBlock, self).__init__()
+        if norm_layer is None:
+            norm_layer = nn.BatchNorm2d
+        if groups != 1 or base_width != 64:
+            raise ValueError("BasicBlock only supports groups=1 and base_width=64")
+        if dilation > 1:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Dilation > 1 not supported in BasicBlock")
+        # Both self.conv1 and self.downsample layers downsample the input when stride != 1
+        self.conv1 = conv3x3(inplanes, planes, stride)
+        self.bn1 = norm_layer(planes)
+        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
+        self.conv2 = conv3x3(planes, planes)
+        self.bn2 = norm_layer(planes)
+        self.downsample = downsample
+        self.stride = stride
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        assert False
+        identity = x
+
+        out = self.conv1(x)
+        out = self.bn1(out)
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        out = self.conv2(out)
+        out = self.bn2(out)
+
+        if self.downsample is not None:
+            identity = self.downsample(x)
+
+        out += identity
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        return out
+
+
+class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
+    # Bottleneck in torchvision places the stride for downsampling at 3x3 convolution(self.conv2)
+    # while original implementation places the stride at the first 1x1 convolution(self.conv1)
+    # according to "Deep residual learning for image recognition"https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385.
+    # This variant is also known as ResNet V1.5 and improves accuracy according to
+    # https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/model-scripts/nvidia:resnet_50_v1_5_for_pytorch.
+
+    expansion = 4
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        inplanes,
+        planes,
+        stride=1,
+        downsample=None,
+        groups=1,
+        base_width=64,
+        dilation=1,
+        norm_layer=None,
+        drop_path_rate=0.0,
+    ):
+        super(Bottleneck, self).__init__()
+        if norm_layer is None:
+            norm_layer = nn.BatchNorm2d
+        width = int(planes * (base_width / 64.0)) * groups
+        # Both self.conv2 and self.downsample layers downsample the input when stride != 1
+        self.conv1 = conv1x1(inplanes, width)
+        self.bn1 = norm_layer(width)
+        self.conv2 = conv3x3(width, width, stride, groups, dilation)
+        self.bn2 = norm_layer(width)
+        self.conv3 = conv1x1(width, planes * self.expansion)
+        self.bn3 = norm_layer(planes * self.expansion)
+        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
+        self.downsample = downsample
+        self.stride = stride
+        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path_rate) if drop_path_rate > 0.0 else nn.Identity()
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        identity = x
+
+        out = self.conv1(x)
+        out = self.bn1(out)
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        out = self.conv2(out)
+        out = self.bn2(out)
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        out = self.conv3(out)
+        out = self.bn3(out)
+
+        if self.downsample is not None:
+            identity = self.downsample(x)
+
+        out = identity + self.drop_path(out)
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        return out
+
+
+class ResNet(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        layers,
+        zero_init_residual=False,
+        groups=1,
+        width_per_group=64,
+        replace_stride_with_dilation=None,
+        norm_layer=None,
+        drop_path_rate=0.0,
+    ):
+        super(ResNet, self).__init__()
+        if norm_layer is None:
+            norm_layer = nn.BatchNorm2d
+        self._norm_layer = norm_layer
+
+        self.inplanes = 64
+        self.dilation = 1
+        if replace_stride_with_dilation is None:
+            # each element in the tuple indicates if we should replace
+            # the 2x2 stride with a dilated convolution instead
+            replace_stride_with_dilation = [False, False, False]
+        if len(replace_stride_with_dilation) != 3:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "replace_stride_with_dilation should be None "
+                "or a 3-element tuple, got {}".format(replace_stride_with_dilation)
+            )
+        self.groups = groups
+        self.base_width = width_per_group
+        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, self.inplanes, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False)
+        self.bn1 = norm_layer(self.inplanes)
+        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
+        self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
+        self.layer1 = self._make_layer(Bottleneck, 64, layers[0], drop_path_rate=drop_path_rate)
+        self.layer2 = self._make_layer(
+            Bottleneck, 128, layers[1], stride=2, dilate=replace_stride_with_dilation[0], drop_path_rate=drop_path_rate
+        )
+        self.layer3 = self._make_layer(
+            Bottleneck, 256, layers[2], stride=2, dilate=replace_stride_with_dilation[1], drop_path_rate=drop_path_rate
+        )
+
+        for m in self.modules():
+            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
+                nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode="fan_out", nonlinearity="relu")
+            elif isinstance(m, (nn.SyncBatchNorm, nn.BatchNorm2d, nn.GroupNorm)):
+                nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
+                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
+
+        # Zero-initialize the last BN in each residual branch,
+        # so that the residual branch starts with zeros, and each residual block behaves like an identity.
+        # This improves the model by 0.2~0.3% according to https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.02677
+        if zero_init_residual:
+            for m in self.modules():
+                if isinstance(m, Bottleneck):
+                    nn.init.constant_(m.bn3.weight, 0)
+                elif isinstance(m, BasicBlock):
+                    nn.init.constant_(m.bn2.weight, 0)
+
+    def _make_layer(self, block, planes, blocks, stride=1, dilate=False, drop_path_rate=0.0):
+        norm_layer = self._norm_layer
+        downsample = None
+        previous_dilation = self.dilation
+        if dilate:
+            self.dilation *= stride
+            stride = 1
+        if stride != 1 or self.inplanes != planes * block.expansion:
+            downsample = nn.Sequential(
+                conv1x1(self.inplanes, planes * block.expansion, stride),
+                norm_layer(planes * block.expansion),
+            )
+
+        layers = []
+        layers.append(
+            block(
+                self.inplanes, planes, stride, downsample, self.groups, self.base_width, previous_dilation, norm_layer
+            )
+        )
+        self.inplanes = planes * block.expansion
+
+        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path_rate, blocks)]
+        for i in range(1, blocks):
+            layers.append(
+                block(
+                    self.inplanes,
+                    planes,
+                    groups=self.groups,
+                    base_width=self.base_width,
+                    dilation=self.dilation,
+                    norm_layer=norm_layer,
+                    drop_path_rate=dpr[i],
+                )
+            )
+
+        return nn.Sequential(*layers)
+
+    def _forward_impl(self, x):
+        # See note [TorchScript super()]
+        x = self.conv1(x)
+        x = self.bn1(x)
+        x = self.relu(x)
+        x = self.maxpool(x)
+
+        x = self.layer1(x)
+        x = self.layer2(x)
+        x = self.layer3(x)
+
+        return x
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        return self._forward_impl(x)

special_tokens_map.json

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+  "bos_token": {
+    "content": "<s>",
+    "lstrip": false,
+    "normalized": true,
+    "rstrip": false,
+    "single_word": false
+  },
+  "cls_token": {
+    "content": "<s>",
+    "lstrip": false,
+    "normalized": true,
+    "rstrip": false,
+    "single_word": false
+  },
+  "eos_token": {
+    "content": "</s>",
+    "lstrip": false,
+    "normalized": true,
+    "rstrip": false,
+    "single_word": false
+  },
+  "mask_token": {
+    "content": "<mask>",
+    "lstrip": true,
+    "normalized": true,
+    "rstrip": false,
+    "single_word": false
+  },
+  "pad_token": {
+    "content": "<pad>",
+    "lstrip": false,
+    "normalized": true,
+    "rstrip": false,
+    "single_word": false
+  },
+  "sep_token": {
+    "content": "</s>",
+    "lstrip": false,
+    "normalized": true,
+    "rstrip": false,
+    "single_word": false
+  },
+  "unk_token": {
+    "content": "<unk>",
+    "lstrip": false,
+    "normalized": true,
+    "rstrip": false,
+    "single_word": false
+  }
+}

utils_tio.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from PIL import Image as PILImage
+from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer, AutoImageProcessor
+import re
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+
+
+class Utils():
+    def xywh2xyxy(b):
+        b[..., 2:] += b[..., :2]
+        return b
+    
+    def bbox_to_sbbox(bbox):
+        # xyxy in [0, 1]
+        assert len(bbox) == 4
+        bbox = (np.asarray(bbox) * 1000).astype(np.int16)
+        bbox = np.clip(bbox, 0, 999)
+        bbox = " ".join([f"<bin_{i}>" for i in bbox])
+        return bbox
+        
+    def sbbox_to_bbox(sbbox, set_default: bool = False):
+        sbbox = [re.findall(r"<bin_(\d+)>", s)[:4] for s in sbbox.split("region:")]
+        bbox = np.asarray([s for s in sbbox if len(s) >= 4], dtype=int)
+        if set_default and not len(bbox):
+            bbox = np.asarray([0, 0, 1000, 1000])
+        bbox = np.clip(bbox / 1000, 1e-5, 1 - 1e-5)
+        return bbox.reshape(-1, 4)
+
+    def make_dialog_context(dialog: list, text_human: str = None) -> str:
+        # dialog: [("pass me an apple.", "which apple do you want?"), ...]
+        context = "".join([f"human: {d[0]}\nagent: {d[1]}\n" for d in dialog])
+        if text_human is not None:
+            context += f"human: {text_human}"
+        return context
+    
+    def show_mask(image: PILImage.Image, bboxes=None, masks=None, show_id=False, text_size=1) -> PILImage.Image:
+        """ 给图片画上mask: 只更改被mask标记部分的rgb值. """
+        import colorsys
+        colors = [tuple(int(c * 255) for c in colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(i * 1.0 / 36, 1, 1)) for i in range(36)] 
+        size = image.size
+        image = np.asarray(image)
+        if bboxes is not None:
+            bboxes = np.array(bboxes).reshape(-1, 4)
+            for k, bbox in enumerate(bboxes):
+                bbox = (np.asarray(bbox) * np.asarray([*size, *size])).astype(int)
+                image = cv2.rectangle(image, tuple(bbox[:2]), tuple(bbox[2:]), tuple(colors[k]), thickness=2)
+            if show_id:
+                for k, bbox in enumerate(bboxes):
+                    bbox = (np.asarray(bbox) * np.asarray([*size, *size])).astype(int)
+                    image = cv2.putText(image, str(k), tuple(bbox[:2] + np.array([2, 28 * text_size])), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, text_size, (255, 255, 255), 2, cv2.LINE_AA)
+                    image = cv2.putText(image, str(k), tuple(bbox[:2] + np.array([2, 28 * text_size])), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, text_size, tuple(colors[k%len(colors)]), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
+
+        if masks is not None:
+            for k, mask in enumerate(masks):
+                mask_color = (mask[..., None] * colors[k%len(colors)][:3]).astype(np.uint8)
+                image_mask = cv2.addWeighted(mask_color, 0.5, image * mask[..., None], 0.5, 0)
+                image = cv2.add(image * ~mask[..., None], image_mask)
+        return PILImage.fromarray(image)