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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Smoking Hills", "paragraph_text": "The Smoking Hills are located on the east coast of Cape Bathurst in Canada's Northwest Territories, next to the Arctic Ocean and a small group of lakes. The cliffs were named by explorer John Franklin, who was the first European to see them on his 1826 expeditions. They contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Jinks Island", "paragraph_text": "Jinks Island () is an island lying north of Pickwick Island, in the Pitt Islands of the Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. Shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 after Mr. Jinks, a character in Charles Dickens' \"The Pickwick Papers\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "De Bokkepruik", "paragraph_text": "Restaurant De Bokkepruik is a restaurant located in Heemse, Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star from 1990 to present.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Nicotine marketing", "paragraph_text": "In April 1970, President Nixon signed into law the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act banning the advertising of cigarettes on television and radio starting on 2 January 1971. The Virginia Slims brand was the last commercial shown, with ``a 60 - second revue from flapper to Female Lib '', shown at 11: 59 p.m. on 1 January during a break on The Tonight Show. Smokeless tobacco ads, on the other hand, remained on the air until a ban took effect on 28 August 1986. Even further restrictions took effect under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Effective 22 June 2010, the new regulations prohibit tobacco companies from sponsoring sports, music, and other cultural events. Also, tobacco companies can no longer display their logos or advertise their products on T - shirts, hats, or other apparel. Eventually, the law is planned to require almost all tobacco advertisements to consist of black text on a white background, but the constitutionality of that requirement has come under scrutiny.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Smoking in Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Smoking in workplaces in Ireland was banned on 29 March 2004, making Ireland the first country in the world to institute an outright ban on smoking in workplaces. From that date onwards, under the Public Health (Tobacco) Acts, it has been illegal to smoke in all enclosed workplaces. The ban is strictly enforced and includes bars, restaurants, clubs, offices, public buildings, company cars, trucks, taxis and vans. A private residence is considered a workplace when tradespeople, such as plumbers or electricians, are working there. €3,000 is the maximum fine on the spot, while a prison sentence can also be given at a later time for violators. The law exempts dwellings, prisons, nursing homes, psychiatric wards, hotel rooms charitable accommodation and college dorm rooms. Certain buildings such as some hospitals forbid smoking anywhere in the grounds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ban Pha Tang", "paragraph_text": "Ban Pha Tang or Ban Phatang is a small town in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located north along Route 13 from Vang Vieng, north of Ban Pakpo, on the bank of the Nam Song River. From Ban Pha Tang, the road climbs steeply to Ban Phahom, Ban Thieng and Muang Kasi. Lonely Planet describes it as a \"pretty riverside village named after Pha Tang, a towering limestone cliff. The town's bridge offers a very photogenic view of its namesake.\" Phatang Resort lies to the south of the settlement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Hawksworth Restaurant", "paragraph_text": "Hawksworth Restaurant, located in the Rosewood Hotel Georgia in Vancouver, British Columbia, is a fine-dining restaurant owned by chef David Hawksworth, the youngest chef to be inducted into the B.C. Restaurant Hall of Fame. The restaurant was named, \"Restaurant of the Year\" in 2012 by Macleans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "McDonald's New Zealand", "paragraph_text": "McDonald's Restaurants (New Zealand) Limited is the New Zealand subsidiary of the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. Its first location opened in 1976. McDonald's New Zealand currently has over 160 restaurants operating nationwide, serving an estimated one million people each week.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Smoking ban in England", "paragraph_text": "On 16 November 2004 a Public Health white paper proposed a smoking ban in almost all public places in England and Wales. Smoking restrictions would be phased in, with a ban on smoking in NHS and government buildings by 2006, in enclosed public places by 2007, and pubs, bars and restaurants (except pubs not serving food) by the end of 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Oak Street Beach", "paragraph_text": "Oak Street Beach is located on North Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, Illinois, on the shore of Lake Michigan. One of a series of Chicago beaches, the Chicago Park District defines Oak Street Beach as the area from approximately 1550 North Lake Shore Drive to 500 North Lake Shore Drive, including Ohio Street Beach, the South Ledge, a concrete path running from Ohio Street beach to the Oak Street Curve, Oak Street Beachstro Restaurant, Oak Street Beach proper, the \"North Ledge\", and a concrete path running from Oak Street Beach to North Avenue Beach.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Boğaziçi, Milas", "paragraph_text": "Boğaziçi is a working fishing village on the shore of Lake Tuzla in the Milas district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Today a number of fish restaurants line the shoreline.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Liuskasaari", "paragraph_text": "Liuskasaari () is an island located south of Helsinki, Finland. This island is home of the Helsingfors Segelsällskap, one of the oldest sailing clubs in Finland. The island hosts two restaurants: The HSS Clubhouse Restaurant and the Skiffer outdoor restaurant. This island has about 50 000 visitors annually and can be reached by a ferry that traffics the island from the Merisatama park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "The number of pubs in the UK has declined year on year, at least since 1982. Various reasons are put forward for this, such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements. Others claim the smoking ban of 2007, intense competition from gastro-pubs, the availability of cheap alcohol in supermarkets or the general economic climate are either to blame, or are factors in the decline. Changes in demographics may be an additional factor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Charles Dickens", "paragraph_text": "The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Known as ``The Pickwick Papers '') (Monthly serial, April 1836 to November 1837)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "Cuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Restaurant ML", "paragraph_text": "Restaurant ML is a restaurant located in Haarlem, in the Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in the period 2011–present.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jim's Restaurants", "paragraph_text": "Jim's Restaurants is an American chain of restaurants owned by Uptown San Antonio, Texas-based Frontier Enterprises. Jim's, most well known for its breakfast and charbroiled Frontier Burgers, was started in 1947 when founder G. Jim Hasslocher built his first burger stand. The burger stand grew and became a drive-in burger concept with carhops, which eventually led to full-service restaurants in several locations. Prior to 1980, the restaurant chain expanded into the Houston metro area until Frontier withdrew and sold off the Houston locations. As of April 2010, Frontier operates 16 locations in the San Antonio area and 3 in Austin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Carlyle Restaurant", "paragraph_text": "The Carlyle Restaurant, formerly Dumonet at the Carlyle, is a Contemporary American cuisine restaurant located at 35 East 76th Street (at Madison Ave), in the back of the Carlyle Hotel, on the Upper East Side in Manhattan, in New York City. It was established in 1930.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nicotine marketing", "paragraph_text": "After World War II, cigarette companies advertised frequently on television programs. To combat this move by the cigarette companies, the Federal Communications Commission required television stations to air anti-smoking advertisements at no cost to the organizations providing such advertisements. In 1970, Congress took their anti-smoking initiative one step further and passed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, banning the advertising of cigarettes on television and radio starting on January 2, 1971. After the television ban, most cigarette advertising took place in magazines, newspapers, and on billboards. However, in 1999 all cigarette billboard advertisements were replaced with anti-smoking messages, with some of these anti-smoking messages playing parodies of cigarette companies advertising figures and slogans. Since 1984, cigarette companies have also been forced to place Surgeon's General warnings on all cigarette packs and advertisements because of the passing of the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act. Restrictions on cigarette companies became even tighter in 2010 with the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. The act prohibits tobacco companies from sponsoring sports, music, and other cultural events and also prevents the display of their logos or products on T - shirts, hats, or other apparel. The constitutionality of both this act and the Food and Drug Administration's new graphic cigarette warning labels are being questioned under cigarette companies' first amendment rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cabo Wabo", "paragraph_text": "Cabo Wabo is a nightclub and restaurant located in Cabo San Lucas, BCS, Mexico. Franchises exist in Harvey's Lake Tahoe in Stateline, Nevada, the Las Vegas Strip, and on Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. It is also a popular brand of tequila. All were founded by rock musician Sammy Hagar.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130914, "question": "What state is Pickwick Lake located?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 59196, "question": "when was smoking banned in restaurants in #1", "answer": "2007", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Le Siècle", "paragraph_text": "In 1836, \"Le Siècle\" was founded as a paper that supported constitutional monarchism. However, when the July Monarchy came to an end in 1848, the paper soon changed its editorial stance to one of republicanism. \"Le Siècle\" opposed the rise of Napoleon III. The paper's relevance waned during the Third French Republic to the point where it was forced to cease publication in 1932 due to a lack of readers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Absolute monarchy", "paragraph_text": "Absolute monarchy, or despotic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs. These are often, but not always, hereditary monarchies. In contrast, in constitutional monarchies, the head of state's authority derives from and is legally bounded or restricted by a constitution or legislature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Marga Faulstich", "paragraph_text": "A talented young woman, Faulstich quickly advanced in her career – from graduate assistant to technician, then to scientific assistant, and finally to scientist. Her fiancé died in the Second World War, and from then on, she focused only on her career. In 1942 she studied chemistry while continuing to work at Schott. She could not finish her studies because the situation changed after the Second World War. Jena belonged to the Soviet occupation zone; however, the most advanced glassmaking facility in the world was located in Jena and the Western Allies wanted to obtain and use this know-how. Therefore, 41 specialists and managers of Schott AG were brought to the western sector, including Marga Faulstich.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "The goal of the Burmese constitutional referendum of 2008, held on 10 May 2008, is the creation of a \"discipline-flourishing democracy\". As part of the referendum process, the name of the country was changed from the \"Union of Myanmar\" to the \"Republic of the Union of Myanmar\", and general elections were held under the new constitution in 2010. Observer accounts of the 2010 election describe the event as mostly peaceful; however, allegations of polling station irregularities were raised, and the United Nations (UN) and a number of Western countries condemned the elections as fraudulent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Age of Enlightenment", "paragraph_text": "The Enlightenment – known in French as the Siècle des Lumières, the Century of Enlightenment, and in German as the Aufklärung – was a philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and came to advance ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government and ending the abuses of the church and state. In France, the central doctrines of the Lumières were individual liberty and religious tolerance, in opposition to the principle of absolute monarchy and the fixed dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church. The Enlightenment was marked by increasing empiricism, scientific rigor, and reductionism, along with increased questioning of religious orthodoxy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Indian Open (golf)", "paragraph_text": "Year Winner Country Venue Score To par Margin of victory Runner (s) - up First prize (US $) Asian Euro Hero Indian Open 2018 2018 Matt Wallace England DLF Golf and Country Club 277 − 11 Playoff Andrew Johnston 291,660 2017 2017 Shiv Chawrasia (2) India DLF Golf and Country Club 278 − 10 7 strokes Gavin Green 291,660 2016 2016 Shiv Chawrasia India Delhi Golf Club 273 − 15 2 strokes Anirban Lahiri Wang Jeung - hun 275,000 2015 2015 Anirban Lahiri India Delhi Golf Club 277 − 7 Playoff Shiv Chawrasia 250,000", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Khana Ratsadon", "paragraph_text": "Khana Ratsadon (, ; meaning \"People's Party\") was a Siamese group of military and civil officers, and later a political party, which staged a bloodless coup against King Prajadhipok and transformed the country's absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy on 24 June 1932.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country, became Samoa's first Prime Minister. Two other paramount chiefs at the time of independence were appointed joint heads of state for life. Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole died in 1963, leaving Malietoa Tanumafili II sole head of state until his death on 11 May 2007, upon which Samoa changed from a constitutional monarchy to a parliamentary republic de facto. The next Head of State, Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi, was elected by the legislature on 17 June 2007 for a fixed five-year term, and was re-elected unopposed in July 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "England", "paragraph_text": "England has a strong sporting heritage, and during the 19th century codified many sports that are now played around the world. Sports originating in England include association football, cricket, rugby union, rugby league, tennis, boxing, badminton, squash, rounders, hockey, snooker, billiards, darts, table tennis, bowls, netball, thoroughbred horseracing, greyhound racing and fox hunting. It has helped the development of golf, sailing and Formula One.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Constitution of Missouri", "paragraph_text": "The first constitution was written in 1820 in only 38 days. The Missouri Constitutional Convention (1861 - 63) was elected to decide on secession, and made no changes to the constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Eswatini", "paragraph_text": "In 2005, the constitution was put into effect. There is still much debate in the country about the constitutional reforms. From the early seventies, there was active resistance to the royal hegemony. Despite complaints from progressive formations, support for the monarchy and the current political system remains strong among the majority of the population.[citation needed] Submissions were made by citizens around the country to commissions, including the constitutional draft committee, indicating that they would prefer to maintain the current situation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Herman Keiser", "paragraph_text": "Keiser was born and raised in Springfield, Missouri. Like most professional golfers of his generation, he earned a living primarily as a club professional. His first job was as the assistant golf professional at Portage Country Club in Akron, Ohio. He eventually became head professional at Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. Keiser's serious demeanor earned him the nickname, \"The Missouri Mortician\", among his fellow golfers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "German revolutions of 1848–49", "paragraph_text": "In December 1848 the \"Basic Rights for the German People\" proclaimed equal rights for all citizens before the law. On March 28, 1849, the draft of the Paulskirchenverfassung constitution was finally passed. The new Germany was to be a constitutional monarchy, and the office of head of state (\"Emperor of the Germans\") was to be hereditary and held by the respective King of Prussia. The latter proposal was carried by a mere 290 votes in favour, with 248 abstentions. The constitution was recognized by 29 smaller states but not by Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Hanover and Saxony.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2018 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 WGC - Bridgestone Invitational was a professional golf tournament held August 2 -- 5 on the South Course of Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. It was the 20th WGC - Bridgestone Invitational tournament, and the third of the World Golf Championships events in 2018.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Phạm Quỳnh", "paragraph_text": "Phạm Quỳnh (December 17, 1892 – September 6, 1945) was a monarchist during the late Nguyễn Dynasty and supporter of adhering to traditional Vietnamese customs in the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. He was born near Hanoi, Vietnam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Point O'Woods Golf & Country Club", "paragraph_text": "The Point O'Woods Golf & Country Club is a private golf club located in Benton Township, Berrien County, Michigan, United States, near Benton Harbor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The changes were accompanied by violent turmoil which included the trial and execution of the king, vast bloodshed and repression during the Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power. Subsequent events that can be traced to the Revolution include the Napoleonic Wars, two separate restorations of the monarchy, and two additional revolutions as modern France took shape. In the following century, France would be governed at one point or another as a republic, constitutional monarchy, and two different empires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Constitutional monarchy", "paragraph_text": "In the Kingdom of England, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 led to a constitutional monarchy restricted by laws such as the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, although limits on the power of the monarch ('a limited monarchy') are much older than that (see Magna Carta). At the same time, in Scotland the Convention of Estates enacted the Claim of Right Act 1689, which placed similar limits on the Scottish monarchy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "July Monarchy", "paragraph_text": "The July Monarchy () was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under Louis Philippe I, starting with the July Revolution of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848. It marks the end of the Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830). It began with the overthrow of the conservative government of Charles X, the last king of the House of Bourbon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sikkim", "paragraph_text": "In 1975, the Prime Minister of Sikkim appealed to the Indian Parliament for Sikkim to become a state of India. In April of that year, the Indian Army took over the city of Gangtok and disarmed the Chogyal's palace guards. Thereafter, a referendum was held in which 97.5 per cent of voters supported abolishing the monarchy, effectively approving union with India. India is said to have stationed 20,000 -- 40,000 troops in a country of only 200,000 during the referendum. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union, and the monarchy was abolished. To enable the incorporation of the new state, the Indian Parliament amended the Indian Constitution. First, the 35th Amendment laid down a set of conditions that made Sikkim an ``Associate State '', a special designation not used by any other state. A month later, the 36th Amendment repealed the 35th Amendment, and made Sikkim a full state, adding its name to the First Schedule of the Constitution.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158703, "question": "Which country assisted with the advancement of golf?", "answer": "England", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 54180, "question": "when did #1 change to a constitutional monarchy", "answer": "1688", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Chelsea, City Island, Great Island and Venice Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "2013 Qingdao oil pipeline explosion", "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Qingdao oil pipeline explosion occurred on 22 November 2013, when an oil pipeline in Chinese city of Qingdao, Shandong Province, China leaked and caught fire and exploded. The blast killed at least 62 people. At least 9 people were detained by the police.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "MGM Grand fire", "paragraph_text": "The MGM Grand fire occurred on Friday, November 21, 1980 at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino (now Bally's Las Vegas) in Paradise, Nevada. The fire killed 85 people, most through smoke inhalation. The tragedy remains the worst disaster in Nevada history, and the third-worst hotel fire in modern U.S. history, after the 1946 Winecoff Hotel fire in Atlanta that killed 119 people and the San Juan (Puerto Rico) Dupont Plaza Hotel fire on December 31, 1986, in which 97 perished.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "Pubs that cater for a niche clientele, such as sports fans or people of certain nationalities are known as theme pubs. Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Royal Oak Hotel", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Oak Hotel is a pub located in Balmain, a suburb in the inner west region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The pub has historical links with the union movement and is one of a number of buildings which formed an integral part of the shipbuilding and industrial history of the local area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mesa Redonda fire", "paragraph_text": "The Mesa Redonda fire occurred on Saturday, 29 December 2001 in Lima, Peru. The disaster killed at least 291 people and injured at least another 134.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Great Oulu fire of 1882", "paragraph_text": "The great Oulu fire of 1882 was a conflagration that started in the basement of the pharmacy on the corner of Kirkkokatu and Pakkahuoneenkatu on the evening of November 2, destroying 27 buildings along Hallituskatu and Pakkahuoneenkatu in downtown Oulu, Finland, amongst them the city-owned Seurahuone. The basement was used to store gasoline and other flammable materials, which led to the fire quickly raging out of control. It headed towards the Oulu River and destroyed the salt and grain warehouses along its shoreline. The fire brigade, however, managed to keep the fire from spreading to the packhouse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "The City of Charleston Fire Department consists over 300 full-time firefighters. These firefighters operate out of 19 companies located throughout the city: 16 engine companies, two tower companies, and one ladder company. Training, Fire Marshall, Operations, and Administration are the divisions of the department. The department operates on a 24/48 schedule and had a Class 1 ISO rating until late 2008, when ISO officially lowered it to Class 3. Russell (Rusty) Thomas served as Fire Chief until June 2008, and was succeeded by Chief Thomas Carr in November 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the \"Marquis of Granby\". These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, provided funds for many of them to establish taverns, which were subsequently named after him. All pubs granted their licence in 1780 were called the Royal George[citation needed], after King George III, and the twentieth anniversary of his coronation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Brihadeeswarar temple fire", "paragraph_text": "Brihadeeswarar temple fire is a fire accident that occurred during the consecration of the Brihadeeswarar Temple on 7 June 1997 in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. The accident was caused by a spark that caught up the thatch. A stampede occurred due to the panic created, and a total of 48 people were killed and left more than 200 people injured. It is believed a fire cracker lit near the temple fell on the \"yagasala\", a temporary structure built to accommodate the ritual ceremonies, and sparked the fire that spread to the thatched roofs. A stampede resulted when the panic-stricken devotees rushed the only entrance to the temple on the eastern side.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2015 Kazan Shopping Center fire", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Kazan Shopping Center fire occurred on 11 March 2015 when a fire and partial collapse of the Admiral shopping complex in the Russian city of Kazan killed at least 17 people with 55 more injured.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Francis A. Mallison", "paragraph_text": "Francis Avery Mallison (March 13, 1832 – June 22, 1877) was an American journalist, editor and public servant. A longtime reporter for the \"Brooklyn Eagle\", known under his pen name Francis O'Pake, he and then city editor Joseph Howard, Jr. were responsible for publishing a forged document to manipulate the price of gold on the New York Stock Exchange resulting in the \"Great Civil War Gold Hoax\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Canecão Mineiro nightclub fire", "paragraph_text": "The Canecão Mineiro nightclub fire occurred on 24 November 2001 in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, killing 7 people and injuring 197 others. The fire was caused by pyrotechnics set off on the stage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "1952 Transportes Aéreos Nacional Douglas C-47 mid-air fire", "paragraph_text": "The 1952 Transportes Aéreos Nacional Douglas C-47 mid-air fire occurred on 12 August 1952 when a Douglas C-47A registered \"PP-ANH\" was destroyed after a in-flight fire caused it to crash near Palmeiras de Goiás, Brazil.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Quincy Point Fire Station", "paragraph_text": "Quincy Point Fire Station is a historic fire station at 615 Washington Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. Built in 1941, it is the third firehouse to occupy the location, and is one of the city's finest examples of Colonial Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Eagle Bird, California", "paragraph_text": "Eagle Bird is a former settlement in Nevada County, California. Situated at an elevation of above sea level, it still appeared on maps as of 1902. Eagle Bird is located on the South Yuba River, south-southeast of Graniteville.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "On 27 April 1838, a massive fire broke out around 9: 00 in the evening. It raged until noon the next day, damaging over 1,000 buildings, a loss estimated at $3 million at the time. In efforts to put the fire out, all the water in the city pumps was used up. The fire ruined businesses, several churches, a new theater, and the entire market except for the fish section. Most famously, Charleston's Trinity Church was burned. Another important building that fell victim was the new hotel that had been recently built. Many houses were burnt to the ground. The damaged buildings amounted to about one - fourth of all the businesses in the main part of the city. The fire rendered penniless many who were wealthy. Several prominent store owners died attempting to save their establishments. When the many homes and business were rebuilt or repaired, a great cultural awakening occurred. In many ways, the fire helped put Charleston on the map as a great cultural and architectural center. Previous to the fire, only a few homes were styled as Greek Revival; many residents decided to construct new buildings in that style after the conflagration. This tradition continued and made Charleston one of the foremost places to view Greek Revival architecture. The Gothic Revival also made a significant appearance in the construction of many churches after the fire that exhibited picturesque forms and reminders of devout European religion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Great Eagle (car company)", "paragraph_text": "The Great Eagle was an American automobile manufactured from 1910 to 1915. It was located in Columbus, Ohio, and the president was Fred C. Myers. They were mostly large cars. Unfortunately, the company went into reciership in 1915.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Monument to the Great Fire of London", "paragraph_text": "It stands at the junction of Monument Street and Fish Street Hill, 202 ft (62 m) tall and 202 ft (62 m) from the spot in Pudding Lane where the Great Fire started on 2 September 1666. Another monument, the Golden Boy of Pye Corner, marks the point near Smithfield where the fire was stopped. Constructed between 1671 and 1677, it was built on the site of St. Margaret's, Fish Street, the first church to be burnt down by the Great Fire.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 5956, "question": "In what city is the Eagle pub located?", "answer": "London", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 26308, "question": "When did the Great Fire of #1 occur?", "answer": "1666", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Tony Jaros", "paragraph_text": "A 6'3\" (1.90 m) forward/guard from the University of Minnesota, Jaros played four seasons (1946–1947; 1948–1951) in the Basketball Association of America/National Basketball Association as a member of the Chicago Stags and Minneapolis Lakers. He averaged 5.4 points per game in his BAA/NBA career and won two league championships with the Lakers. He also spent one season in the National Basketball League with the Lakers (1947–1948), winning the NBL title that season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Shane Lechler", "paragraph_text": "Edward Shane Lechler (; born August 7, 1976) is a former American football punter who played 18 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas A&M, and was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the fifth round of the 2000 NFL Draft.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Tomb Raider", "paragraph_text": "The first entry in the series Tomb Raider was released in 1996 for personal computers (PC), PlayStation and Sega Saturn consoles. The Saturn and PlayStation versions were released in Japan in 1997. The second game, Tomb Raider II, launched in 1997, again for PC and PlayStation. A month before release, Eidos finalised a deal with Sony Computer Entertainment to keep the console version of Tomb Raider II and future games exclusive to PlayStation until the year 2000. The PlayStation version was released in Japan in 1998. Tomb Raider III launched in 1998. As with Tomb Raider II, the PlayStation version released in Japan the following year. The fourth consecutive title in the series, Tomb Raider: The Last Revelation, released in 1999. In 2000, with the end of the PlayStation exclusivity deal, the game also released on the Dreamcast. In Japan, both console versions released the following year. Tomb Raider Chronicles released in 2000 on the same platforms as The Last Revelation, with the PlayStation version's Japanese release as before coming the following year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "DeJuan Green", "paragraph_text": "DeJuan Green is an American football player who played three seasons for the Oakland Raiders, from 2004 to 2006. Green was born in Jacksonville, Florida on May 13, 1980.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Don Carlson", "paragraph_text": "A 6'0\" (1.83 m) guard/forward from the University of Minnesota, Carlson played four seasons (1946–1947; 1948–1951) in the Basketball Association of America/National Basketball Association as a member of the Chicago Stags, Minneapolis Lakers, and Baltimore Bullets. He averaged 8.0 points per game in his NBA career and won two championships with the Lakers. He also played one season in the National Basketball League. After his playing days, he was a coach and athletic director at Columbia Heights High School in Columbia Heights, Minnesota.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Dynamic Tower", "paragraph_text": "The Dynamic Tower (also known as Dynamic Architecture Building or the Da Vinci Tower) is a proposed , 80-floor moving skyscraper, designed by architect David Fisher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Bradley Robinson", "paragraph_text": "Bradley Robinson (born January 24, 1985 in Duncan, South Carolina) is a former professional Canadian football defensive back who played for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League. He was signed as a street free agent by the Eskimos in 2008. He played college football for the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Super Bowl XXXVII", "paragraph_text": "The Raiders had a great chance to score a touchdown early in the game after cornerback Charles Woodson intercepted Buccaneers quarterback Brad Johnson's pass on the third play of the game and returned it 12 yards to the Tampa Bay 36 - yard line. However, six plays later, Tampa Bay defensive end Simeon Rice sacked Raiders quarterback Rich Gannon on third down, forcing Oakland to settle for kicker Sebastian Janikowski's 40 - yard field goal to give them a 3 -- 0 lead.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Derrick Gibson", "paragraph_text": "Derrick Gibson (born March 22, 1979 in Miami, Florida) is a former American football safety who played his entire career for the Oakland Raiders. He was drafted by the Raiders in the first round (28th overall) in the 2001 NFL Draft. He played college football at Florida State.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Jim Laker", "paragraph_text": "James Charles Laker (9 February 1922 -- 23 April 1986) was a cricketer who played for England in the 1950s, known for ``Laker's match ''in 1956 at Old Trafford, Manchester, when he took nineteen wickets in England's victory against Australia. He played 46 Test matches between 1948 and 1959, taking 193 wickets with a bowling average of 21.24; in all first - class matches he took 1,944 wickets at 18.41.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Adrian Purtell", "paragraph_text": "Adrian Purtell (born 31 January 1985) is an Australian rugby league footballer who plays for the Albury Thunder. He previously played for the Canberra Raiders, Penrith Panthers, Bradford Bulls and the London Broncos. His usual position is as a .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Plymouth", "paragraph_text": "Other sports clubs include Plymouth Albion R.F.C. and the Plymouth Raiders basketball club. Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club that was founded in 1875 and are currently competing in the third tier of Professional English Rugby . They play at the Brickfields. Plymouth Raiders play in the British Basketball League – the top tier of British basketball. They play at the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena and were founded in 1983. Plymouth cricket club was formed in 1843, the current 1st XI play in the Devon Premier League. Plymouth Devils are a speedway team in the British Premier League. Plymouth was home to an American football club, the Plymouth Admirals until 2010. Plymouth is also home to Plymouth Marjons Hockey Club, with their 1st XI playing in the National League last season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Jonathan Orr", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Orr (born March 20, 1983 in Detroit, Michigan) is a former American football wide receiver who played for the NFL's Oakland Raiders and Tennessee Titans. He was drafted in the sixth round, pick 172 of the 2006 NFL Draft by the Titans. He played college football at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "1973–74 WHA season", "paragraph_text": "The 1973–74 WHA season was the second season of the World Hockey Association. Twelve teams each played 78 games. The Philadelphia Blazers relocated to Vancouver, becoming the Vancouver Blazers. They were moved to the Western Division and Chicago moved to the East. The New York Raiders were renamed the New York Golden Blades and then moved to Cherry Hill, New Jersey to become the Jersey Knights after just 24 games. The Ottawa Nationals moved to Toronto and became the Toronto Toros. The Alberta Oilers changed their name to the Edmonton Oilers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kabaddi", "paragraph_text": "Kabaddi is a contact team sport. Played between two teams of seven players, the object of the game is for a single player on offence, referred to as a ``raider '', to run into the opposing team's half of a court, tag out as many of their defenders as possible, and return to their own half of the court, all without being tackled by the defenders, and in a single breath. Points are scored for each player tagged by the raider, while the opposing team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players are taken out of the game if they are tagged or tackled, but can be`` revived'' for each point scored by their team from a tag or tackle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ryan Sutton", "paragraph_text": "Ryan Sutton is a rugby league footballer who plays as a for the Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League, and previously for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Växjö Lakers", "paragraph_text": "Växjö Lakers Hockey Club (often referred to as the Växjö Lakers or VLH) is an ice hockey club from Växjö in Sweden. The club plays in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the top-level league of Swedish ice hockey, and made its debut there in 2011–12. They play their home games in the Vida Arena. The club won the Swedish national championship in 2015 and 2018.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Linda and Terry Fuller Track", "paragraph_text": "Terry and Linda Fuller Track & Field Complex is a multi-use stadium in Lubbock, Texas on the campus of Texas Tech University where it serves as home to Red Raider track and field. Formerly, it was also the home of the women's soccer team before they moved to the John Walker Soccer Complex. The stadium seats 3,500.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Lamar Mady", "paragraph_text": "Lamar Mady (born December 13, 1990) is an American football center for the Arizona Rattlers of the Indoor Football League (IFL). He was signed by the Oakland Raiders as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He played college football for Youngstown State.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Jason Slowey", "paragraph_text": "Jason Slowey (born January 27, 1989) is a former American football offensive lineman. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 2012 NFL Draft and also played for the Oakland Raiders. He played college football at Western Oregon University.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 82586, "question": "where did the lakers play in the 80s", "answer": "Los Angeles", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 75818, "question": "when did the raiders move to #1", "answer": "1982", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dragon Ball FighterZ", "paragraph_text": "Dragon Ball FighterZ (Japanese: ドラゴンボールファイターズ, Hepburn: Doragon Bōru Faitāzu) is an upcoming 2.5 D fighting game developed by Arc System Works and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment, based on the Dragon Ball franchise for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows. It is set to be released January 26, 2018 internationally and February 1, 2018 in Japan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Instrumental temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The instrumental temperature record provides the temperature of Earth's climate system from the historical network of in situ measurements of surface air temperatures and ocean surface temperatures. Data are collected at thousands of meteorological stations, buoys and ships around the globe. The longest - running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest - running quasi-global record starts in 1850. In recent decades more extensive sampling of ocean temperatures at various depths have begun allowing estimates of ocean heat content but these do not form part of the global surface temperature datasets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Dragon Ball FighterZ", "paragraph_text": "Dragon Ball FighterZ (Japanese: ドラゴンボールファイターズ, Hepburn: Doragon Bōru Faitāzu) is an upcoming 2.5 D fighting game developed by Arc System Works and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment, based on the Dragon Ball franchise for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows. It is set to be released February 2018.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dungeons & Dragons Tactics", "paragraph_text": "Dungeons & Dragons Tactics is a tactical role-playing game released on the PlayStation Portable handheld video game console. It is set in the world of \"Dungeons & Dragons\" and uses a strict interpretation of the \"Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 Edition\" rule set.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Dragon Keeper", "paragraph_text": "Dragon Keeper is a fantasy novel by American writer Robin Hobb, the first in \"The Rain Wild Chronicles\". It is written in a third-person narrative from the viewpoint of several of the key characters. The narrative follows a party of malformed newly hatched dragons, their spurned and mistrusted human keepers and other supporters who set out on a quest to find safety in the legendary Elderling city of Kelsingra.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Dabus", "paragraph_text": "In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" Planescape campaign setting, Dabus (singular and plural are the same) are the personal entourage of the Lady of Pain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Shadow of the Dragon", "paragraph_text": "Shadow of the Dragon is a 1993 book written by Sherry Garland. It chronicles Danny Vo and Nguyen Sang Le, two ethnic Vietnamese living in Houston; Danny is Americanized while Sang Le has difficulty adjusting to American culture and society.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Domino Day", "paragraph_text": "Domino Day was a world record attempt for the highest number of toppling domino stones, organized from 1998 to 2009 by Endemol Netherlands. Together with Weijers Domino Productions of Robin Paul Weijers, also known as Mr. Domino, parties teamed up to set a new world record. The production was mainly organized at the WTC Expo in Leeuwarden, Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Painting (Blue Star)", "paragraph_text": "Painting (Blue Star) () is a 1927 painting by the Catalan artist Joan Miró. In June 2012, it sold at auction for £23.5 million, setting a new record for the highest price paid for a painting by Miró.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Climate of New Zealand", "paragraph_text": "Daily maximum temperatures are normally in the mid to low 20s (° C) over most of the country. They are higher in northern, eastern and interior part of the country; Hastings is the warmest city on average with 25.5 ° C followed by Gisborne with 24.9 ° C and Napier with 24.5 ° C. Eastern parts of the South Island are highly susceptible to the norwester, a Fohn wind which can result in temperatures going into the high 30s and even the low 40s. Rangiora in Canterbury holds the record maximum of 42.4 ° C recorded in 1973, with Christchurch recording 41.6 ° C in that same year. More recently, Timaru reached 41.3 ° C on Waitangi Day in 2011. Due to these winds, the cooler southern cities of Dunedin and Invercargill have higher all - time record temperatures than places further north such as Wellington, Auckland and Whangarei.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Day After", "paragraph_text": "The Day After is an American television film that first aired on November 20, 1983, on the ABC television network. More than 100 million people, in nearly 39 million households, watched the program during its initial broadcast. With a 46 rating and a 62% share of the viewing audience during its initial broadcast, it was the seventh highest rated non-sports show up to that time and set a record as the highest - rated television film in history -- a record it still held as recently as a 2009 report.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Killzone Shadow Fall", "paragraph_text": "Killzone: Shadow Fall is a first-person shooter video game developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 4. It is the sixth game of the \"Killzone\" series and the fourth game of the series for home consoles. \"Killzone Shadow Fall\" was released on 15 November 2013 as a launch title for PlayStation 4 in North America and 29 November 2013 in Europe. Taking place 30 years after the events of \"Killzone 3\", \"Shadow Fall\" follows a new set of characters, putting players in the role of Lucas Kellan, a \"Shadow Marshal\", who is investigating a rising threat in the continuing war between Vekta and the Helghast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Avengers: Infinity War", "paragraph_text": "Avengers: Infinity War held its world premiere on April 23, 2018 in Los Angeles and was released in the United States on April 27, 2018, in IMAX and 3D. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the cast, visual effects, emotional weight of the story, and action scenes. It has grossed over $1.9 billion worldwide, making it the fourth highest - grossing film of all time, as well as the highest - grossing film of 2018, the highest - grossing superhero film, and the sixth highest - grossing film in the United States and Canada. In its opening weekend, it grossed $641 million worldwide and $258 million domestically, setting the records for the highest - grossing openings for both. It also became the fastest film in history to reach a worldwide gross of $1 billion, doing so in 11 days. The untitled sequel is set to be released on May 3, 2019.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), breaking the UK record for highest first-week opening, set by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban's £23.88 million ($36.9 million) in 2004. Its Friday–Saturday gross was £20.4 million ($31.2 million) compared to Skyfall's £20.1 million ($31 million). The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000, a record previously held by The Dark Knight with $100,200. It has grossed a total of $136.3 million there. In the U.K., it surpassed Avatar to become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever with $10.09 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "List of NCAA major college football yearly rushing leaders", "paragraph_text": "The record for highest rushing yards per carry in a season was set in 1939 by Jackie Robinson of UCLA with an average of 12.2 yards per carry, a record that stands to this day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Hannah Montana", "paragraph_text": "The opening weekend, February 1–3, 2008, the movie had gross revenue of $31.1 million. It was the number one movie of the weekend. Opening in only 638 theaters, it set a record of over $42,000 per theater. It set a record for the highest revenue for a 3-D movie for one weekend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Wonder Woman (2017 film)", "paragraph_text": "Wonder Woman premiered in Shanghai on May 15, 2017, and was released in the United States on June 2, 2017, in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D. It received largely positive reviews from critics, being praised for the direction, performances, action sequences and musical score. The film set numerous box office records, including becoming the highest - grossing film directed by a woman, the biggest domestic opening for a film directed by a woman, the highest - grossing superhero origin film domestically, the largest opening for a female - led comic book film. It has grossed over $806 million worldwide, making it the sixth highest - grossing film of 2017. It also helped the DCEU to push past $3 billion at the worldwide box office, making it the seventeenth highest - grossing film franchise of all time. A sequel, Wonder Woman 2, is set to be released on December 13, 2019.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Pokémon Trading Card Game", "paragraph_text": "A simplified type system was adopted from the video games for use in the trading card game. Instead of 18 types of Pokémon, only eleven exist in the TCG. Seven were introduced in the Base Set (the first ever set of Pokémon cards); Darkness and Metal types appeared when Pokémon Gold and Silver introduced the Dark and Steel types in the video games; the Dragon type was introduced in the Japanese Dragon Selection set; and finally, the Fairy type was introduced in the Japanese XY set to correspond to its introduction in the video games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Global temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The global temperature record shows the fluctuations of the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans through various spans of time. The most detailed information exists since 1850, when methodical thermometer - based records began. There are numerous estimates of temperatures since the end of the Pleistocene glaciation, particularly during the current Holocene epoch. Older time periods are studied by paleoclimatology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Nuclear fuel", "paragraph_text": "TRISO fuel particles were originally developed in the United Kingdom as part of the Dragon reactor project. The inclusion of the SiC as diffusion barrier was first suggested by D. T. Livey. The first nuclear reactor to use TRISO fuels was the Dragon reactor and the first powerplant was the THTR-300. Currently, TRISO fuel compacts are being used in the experimental reactors, the HTR-10 in China, and the High-temperature engineering test reactor in Japan. Spherical fuel elements utilizing a TRISO particle with a UO2 and UC solid solution kernel are being used in the Xe-100 in the United States.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 51824, "question": "what is the setting of shadow of the dragon", "answer": "Houston", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 12055, "question": "What was the highest temperature recorded in #1 ?", "answer": "109 °F", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Outside the Convention in Philadelphia, there was a national convening of the Society of the Cincinnati. Washington was said to be embarrassed. The 1776 ``old republican ''delegates like Elbridge Gerry (MA) found anything military or hereditary anathema. The Presbyterian Synod of Philadelphia and New York convention was meeting to redefine its Confession, dropping the faith requirement for civil authority to prohibit false worship. Protestant Episcopalian Washington attended a Roman Catholic Mass and dinner. Revolution veteran Jonas Phillips, of the Mikveh Israel Synagogue, petitioned the Convention to avoid a national oath including belief in both Old and New Testaments. Merchants of Providence, Rhode Island, petitioned for consideration, though their Assembly had not sent a delegation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "United States Virgin Islands", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Saint Croix, Saint John, and Saint Thomas, and many other surrounding minor islands. The total land area of the territory is 133.73 square miles (346.36 km). The territory's capital is Charlotte Amalie on the island of Saint Thomas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Detroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Massachusetts", "paragraph_text": "Commonwealth of Massachusetts Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Bay State Motto (s): Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (Latin) By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty State song (s): ``All Hail to Massachusetts ''Official language English Spoken languages English 77.4% Spanish 8.6% Portuguese 2.8% Chinese 2.1% Demonym Bay Stater (official) Massachusite (traditional) Massachusettsian Capital (and largest city) Boston Largest metro Greater Boston Area Ranked 44th Total 10,565 sq mi (27,336 km) Width 183 miles (295 km) Length 113 miles (182 km)% water 25.7 Latitude 41 ° 14 ′ N to 42 ° 53 ′ N Longitude 69 ° 56 ′ W to 73 ° 30 ′ W Population Ranked 15th Total 6,811,779 (2016 est.) Density 840 / sq mi (324 / km) Ranked 3rd (9) Median household income $67,861 (7th) Elevation Highest point Mount Greylock 3,489 ft (1063.4 m) Mean 500 ft (150 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean sea level Before statehood Province of Massachusetts Bay Admission to Union February 6, 1788 (6th) Governor Charlie Baker (R) Lieutenant Governor Karyn Polito (R) Legislature General Court Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Elizabeth Warren (D) Ed Markey (D) U.S. House delegation 9 Democrats (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC - 5 / - 4 ISO 3166 US - MA Abbreviations MA, Mass. Website www.mass.gov", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Two Mile Square Reservation", "paragraph_text": "The Two Mile Square Reservation or Two Mile Square Reserve was a tract of land in Ohio ceded by Native Americans to the United States of America in the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. It was subsequently surveyed in a manner different from surrounding land, and lots sold to settlers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Milford Flat Fire", "paragraph_text": "The Milford Flat Fire was the largest wildfire in Utah history. It was started by lightning on Friday, July 6, 2007 at 3:45 pm near Milford, Utah. The fire burned 363,052 acres (567 square miles) and caused large stretches of I-15 to be temporarily closed. Many veteran firefighters had stated this was the fastest-moving fire they had ever seen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a \"national religion\"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general \"religion\" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists, the very word \"national\" was a cause for alarm because of the experience under the British crown. During the debate over the establishment clause, Rep. Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts took issue with Madison's language regarding whether the government was a national or federal government (in which the states retained their individual sovereignty), which Baker suggests compelled Madison to withdraw his language from the debate.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Mexican–American War", "paragraph_text": "Before the secession of Texas, Mexico comprised almost 1,700,000 sq mi (4,400,000 km), but by 1849 it was just under 800,000 square miles (2,100,000 km). Another 30,000 square miles (78,000 km) were sold to the U.S. in the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, so the total reduction of Mexican territory was more than 55%, or 900,000 square miles (2,300,000 km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of municipalities in New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the 565 municipalities in the U.S. state of New Jersey, ordered by population. There are five types of municipality in the state -- boroughs (250), cities (52), towns (15), townships (245), and villages (4). New Jersey, the fourth - smallest state, covers 8,722 square miles (22,590 km), meaning the average land size of a municipality in the state is about 15 square miles (39 km) -- but note the wide range of actual sizes in the map at right.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Elbridge Gerry (Maine)", "paragraph_text": "Elbridge Gerry (December 6, 1813 – April 10, 1886) was an American lawyer, who served as a U.S. Congressman from Maine from 1849 to 1851.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Gonzales County, Texas", "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Washington County, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 436 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 431 square miles (1,120 km2) is land and 5.0 square miles (13 km2) (1.2%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Wisconsin by total area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "George Mason", "paragraph_text": "George Mason (sometimes referred to as George Mason IV; December 11, 1725 (O.S. November 30, 1725) -- October 7, 1792) was a Virginia planter and politician, and a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, one of three delegates, together with fellow Virginian Edmund Randolph and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, who refused to sign the constitution. His writings have been a significant influence on political thought and events, including substantial portions of the Fairfax Resolves of 1774, the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, and his Objections to this Constitution of Government (1787) in opposition to ratification of the constitution. The Virginia Declaration of Rights, which Mason principally authored, served as a basis for the United States Bill of Rights, of which he has been deemed the father.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "George Mason", "paragraph_text": "George Mason (sometimes referred to as George Mason IV; December 11, 1725 (O.S. November 30, 1725) -- October 7, 1792) was a Virginia planter and politician, and a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, one of three delegates, together with fellow Virginian Edmund Randolph and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, who refused to sign the constitution. His writings have exercised a significant influence on political thought and events, including substantial portions of the Fairfax Resolves of 1774, the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, and his Objections to this Constitution of Government (1787) in opposition to ratification of the constitution. The Virginia Declaration of Rights, which Mason principally authored, served as a basis for the United States Bill of Rights, of which he has been deemed the father.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "District of Columbia retrocession", "paragraph_text": "In 1846, the area of 31 square miles (80 km) which was ceded by Virginia was returned, leaving 69 square miles (179 km) of territory originally ceded by Maryland as the current area of the District in its entirety. 21st - century proposals to return the remaining portion of the District of Columbia to the state of Maryland are cited as one way to provide full voting representation in Congress and return local control of the city to its residents.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Vermilion, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Vermilion is a village in Stratton and Elbridge Township townships, Edgar County, Illinois, United States. The population was 225 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "List of counties in Georgia", "paragraph_text": "Counties of Georgia Location State of Georgia Number 159 Populations Greatest: 1,010,562 (Fulton) Least: 1,680 (Taliaferro) Average: 64,845 (2016) Areas Largest: 903 square miles (2,340 km) (Ware) Smallest: 121 square miles (310 km) (Clarke) Average: 374 square miles (970 km) Government County government Subdivisions Cities, towns, unincorporated communities, census designated place", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 37605, "question": "What was Elbridge Gerry's constituency?", "answer": "Massachusetts", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 56516, "question": "how many square miles is the state of #1", "answer": "10,565", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Gadsden flag", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden flag is an historical American flag with a yellow field depicting a rattlesnake coiled and ready to strike. Positioned below the rattlesnake are the words ``DONT TREAD ON ME. ''The flag is named after American general and politician Christopher Gadsden (1724 -- 1805), who designed it in 1775 during the American Revolution. It was used by the Continental Marines as an early motto flag, along with the Moultrie flag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Central African Republic", "paragraph_text": "In April 1979, young students protested against Bokassa's decree that all school attendees would need to buy uniforms from a company owned by one of his wives. The government violently suppressed the protests, killing 100 children and teenagers. Bokassa himself may have been personally involved in some of the killings. In September 1979, France overthrew Bokassa and \"restored\" Dacko to power (subsequently restoring the name of the country to the Central African Republic). Dacko, in turn, was again overthrown in a coup by General André Kolingba on 1 September 1981.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nectar loyalty card", "paragraph_text": "Cardholders receive points on purchases made at participating retailers both instore and online, generally beginning at one point per whole pound spent. Points for fuel at BP and Sainsbury's are awarded for each litre purchased. Extra points may be earned when buying certain products or during particular promotions. A number of other online retailers award points when purchases are made on their websites accessed through the main Nectar website.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Albert Rains", "paragraph_text": "He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1928 and commenced practice in Gadsden, Alabama, in 1929. He served as deputy solicitor for Etowah County, Alabama from 1930 to 1935, and as city attorney for the city of Gadsden, Alabama from 1935 to 1944. He served as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives 1941-1944.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Mexican–American War", "paragraph_text": "Before the secession of Texas, Mexico comprised almost 1,700,000 sq mi (4,400,000 km), but by 1849 it was just under 800,000 square miles (2,100,000 km). Another 30,000 square miles (78,000 km) were sold to the U.S. in the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, so the total reduction of Mexican territory was more than 55%, or 900,000 square miles (2,300,000 km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Metropolis Coffee Company", "paragraph_text": "Metropolis Coffee Company is a coffee roasting company, wholesaler and retailer with locations at 1039 W. Granville Avenue and 3057 N. Rockwell Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. The company supplies coffee to hundreds of cafes and restaurants throughout the US, Canada, and Korea. In 2005, they were named by \"Newcity\" as the best place in Chicago to buy coffee beans and noted for their donation of $2 to Oxfam for Tsunami for each pound of beans purchased. Metropolis is also a back-to-back winner of the Good Food Awards, and winner of Roast Magazine's Roaster of the Year - A national roasting competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Smoking age", "paragraph_text": "The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Hunting", "paragraph_text": "Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Jaguar Cars", "paragraph_text": "Ford made offers to Jaguar's US and UK shareholders to buy their shares in November 1989; Jaguar's listing on the London Stock Exchange was removed on 28 February 1990. In 1999 it became part of Ford's new Premier Automotive Group along with Aston Martin, Volvo Cars and, from 2000, Land Rover. Under Ford's ownership, Jaguar never made a profit.Under Ford's ownership Jaguar expanded its range of products with the launch of the S-Type in 1999 and X-type in 2001. After PAG acquired Land Rover in May 2000 purchase by Ford, the brand became closely associated with Jaguar. In many countries they shared a common sales and distribution network (including shared dealerships), and some models shared components, although the only shared production facility was Halewood Body & Assembly – which manufactured the technically related X-Type and the Freelander 2. Operationally the two companies were effectively integrated under a common management structure within Ford's PAG.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Rango (2011 film)", "paragraph_text": "Rango confronts the mayor about his buying of the land around Dirt, but the mayor denies any wrongdoing and shows Rango that he is building a modern city with the purchased land. The mayor then summons Rattlesnake Jake, who forces Rango to admit that he lied to the townsfolk and runs him out of town. Falling unconscious, Rango wakes and meets the Spirit of the West (Timothy Olyphant), whom Rango identifies as the Man with No Name. The Spirit inspires Rango, telling him, ``No man can walk out on his own story. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Starwave", "paragraph_text": "The company merged with Infoseek and was later sold to The Walt Disney Company. In April 1998, Disney purchased the outstanding shares of Starwave from Allen after an initial buy of about 30% in 1997. The new entity, Walt Disney Internet Group (WDIG) developed the Go.com portal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "WTDR (AM)", "paragraph_text": "WTDR (1350 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve Gadsden, Alabama, United States. The station, established in 1947, is operated by Gadsden Radio Media Inc. and the broadcast license is held by The DR Group LLC. An FCC-approved sale to Gadsden Radio Media Inc. is pending formal consummation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "European Central Bank", "paragraph_text": "In contrast to the Fed, the ECB normally does not buy bonds outright. The normal procedure used by the ECB for manipulating the money supply has been via the so-called refinancing facilities. In these facilities, bonds are not purchased but used in reverse transactions: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans. These two transactions are similar, i.e. bonds are used as collaterals for loans, the difference being of legal nature. In the repos the ownership of the collateral changes to the ECB until the loan is repaid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Gun laws in Michigan", "paragraph_text": "At the age of 18 or up, it is legal to buy a pistol with a purchase license from a private seller, at the age of 21, it is legal to buy a firearm from a Federally licensed (FFL) dealer. No purchase license is required to purchase a long gun (a firearm that is more than 26 inches long) in Michigan. According to state law, a long gun may be purchased by anyone aged 18 or over who is not subject to restrictions based on criminal history, mental health history, or other disqualifying factor. A person must be at least 18 years old to purchase a long gun from a federal dealer or a private seller under Michigan law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "European Central Bank", "paragraph_text": "This changed with the recent sovereign-debt crisis. The ECB always could, and through the late summer of 2011 did, purchase bonds issued by the weaker states even though it assumes, in doing so, the risk of a deteriorating balance sheet. ECB buying focused primarily on Spanish and Italian debt. Certain techniques can minimise the impact. Purchases of Italian bonds by the central bank, for example, were intended to dampen international speculation and strengthen portfolios in the private sector and also the central bank.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Consort Yujiulü", "paragraph_text": "Consort Yujiulü was a sister of Yujiulü Pi (郁久閭毗), who was a member of Rouran's royal house, but who surrendered to Northern Wei and thereafter became a Northern Wei general, during Emperor Taiwu's reign. Consort Yujiulü herself was described as beautiful, and during Emperor Taiwu's reign she was selected to be a consort for his son Tuoba Huang. She was much favored, and she bore him his oldest son Tuoba Jun in 440. Her husband died in 451, however, after becoming ill over fear of false accusations by the eunuch Zong Ai. Zong subsequently assassinated Emperor Taiwu and Tuoba Huang's younger brother Tuoba Yu (whom he had briefly made emperor) in 452, and then was overthrown by high-ranking officials, who made Tuoba Jun emperor (as Emperor Wencheng). Consort Yujiulü died soon thereafter without having been honored as an empress dowager, but later that year, Emperor Wencheng did posthumously honor his parents as emperor and empress, and she became known as Empress Gong.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Gadsden flag", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden flag is a historical American flag with a yellow field depicting a rattlesnake coiled and ready to strike. Positioned below the rattlesnake are the words ``DONT TREAD ON ME. ''The flag is named after American general and politician Christopher Gadsden (1724 -- 1805), who designed it in 1775 during the American Revolution. It was used by the Continental Marines as an early motto flag, along with the Moultrie flag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Gadsden, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Gadsden is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yuma County, Arizona, United States. The population was 953 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Yuma Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Royal Proclamation of 1763", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 ended with the American Revolutionary War because Great Britain ceded the land in question to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1783). Afterward, the U.S. government also faced difficulties in preventing frontier violence and eventually adopted policies similar to those of the Royal Proclamation. The first in a series of Indian Intercourse Acts was passed in 1790, prohibiting unregulated trade and travel in Native American lands. In 1823, the U.S. Supreme Court case Johnson v. M'Intosh established that only the U.S. government, and not private individuals, could purchase land from Native Americans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Arizona, south of the Gila River was legally bought from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8, 1854. Tucson became a part of the United States of America, although the American military did not formally take over control until March 1856. In 1857 Tucson became a stage station on the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line and in 1858 became 3rd division headquarters of the Butterfield Overland Mail until the line shut down in March 1861. The Overland Mail Corporation attempted to continue running, however following the Bascom Affair, devastating Apache attacks on the stations and coaches ended operations in August 1861.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 33922, "question": "Where did the US buy land from in the Gadsden Purchase?", "answer": "Mexico", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 68175, "question": "who was the emperor of #1 who was overthrown in 1823", "answer": "Agustín de Iturbide", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Willowgrove, Saskatoon", "paragraph_text": "Willowgrove is a primarily residential neighbourhood located in northeast Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It comprises a mix of mainly single-family detached houses and fewer multiple-unit dwellings. As of 2011, the area is home to 3,973 residents. The neighbourhood is considered a middle to high-income area, with an average family income of $96,002, an average dwelling value of $218,357 and a home ownership rate of 84.8%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Household income in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Another common measurement of personal income is the mean household income. Unlike the median household income, which divides all households in two halves, the mean income is the average income earned by American households. In the case of mean income, the income of all households is divided by the number of all households. The mean income is usually more affected by the relatively unequal distribution of income which tilts towards the top. As a result, the mean tends to be higher than the median income, with the top earning households boosting it. Overall, the mean household income in the United States, according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, was $72,641.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Lewis County, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $27,066, and the median income for a family was $32,431. Males had a median income of $27,906 versus $18,733 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,933. 19.90% of the population and 16.30% of families were below the poverty line. 27.00% of those under the age of 18 and 11.20% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Income in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "According to the OECD the average household net - adjusted disposable income per capita is $27,029 a year (in USD, ranked 14 / 36 OECD countries), the average household net financial wealth per capita is estimated at $60,778 (in USD, ranked 8 / 36), and the average net - adjusted disposable income of the top 20% of the population is an estimated $57,010 a year, whereas the bottom 20% live on an estimated $10,195 a year giving a ratio of 5.6 (in USD, ranked 25 / 36).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Darlington County, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $31,087, and the median income for a family was $37,662. Males had a median income of $30,947 versus $20,998 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,283. About 16.40% of families and 20.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.70% of those under age 18 and 22.10% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Greenwood County, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $34,702, and the median income for a family was $42,022. Males had a median income of $30,759 versus $23,820 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,446. About 9.90% of families and 14.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.70% of those under age 18 and 14.10% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Fresno County, California", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $34,725, and the median income for a family was $38,455. Males had a median income of $33,375 versus $26,501 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,495. About 17.6% of families and 22.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.7% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Barbour County, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $24,729, and the median income for a family was $29,722. Males had a median income of $24,861 versus $17,433 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,440. 22.60% of the population and 18.40% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 32.00% of those under the age of 18 and 16.70% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Kerr County, Texas", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $34,283, and the median income for a family was $40,713. Males had a median income of $27,425 versus $21,149 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,767. About 10.30% of families and 14.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.60% of those under age 18 and 8.40% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Johnson & Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Johnson & Johnson is an American multinational medical devices, pharmaceutical and consumer packaged goods manufacturing company founded in 1886. Its common stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the company is listed among the Fortune 500.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Hampshire County, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $31,666, and the median income for a family was $37,616. Males had a median income of $28,884 versus $19,945 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,851. About 12.90% of families and 16.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.70% of those under age 18 and 13.10% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Tanzania", "paragraph_text": "Market strategist Phil Dow believes distinctions exist \"between the current market malaise\" and the Great Depression. He says the Dow Jones average's fall of more than 50% over a period of 17 months is similar to a 54.7% fall in the Great Depression, followed by a total drop of 89% over the following 16 months. \"It's very troubling if you have a mirror image,\" said Dow. Floyd Norris, the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times, wrote in a blog entry in March 2009 that the decline has not been a mirror image of the Great Depression, explaining that although the decline amounts were nearly the same at the time, the rates of decline had started much faster in 2007, and that the past year had only ranked eighth among the worst recorded years of percentage drops in the Dow. The past two years ranked third, however.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Richland County, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 384,504 people, 145,194 households, and 89,357 families residing in the county. The population density was 507.9 inhabitants per square mile (196.1/km2). There were 161,725 housing units at an average density of 213.6 per square mile (82.5/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 47.3% white, 45.9% black or African American, 2.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.9% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 9.6% were German, 8.6% were English, 7.6% were Irish, and 7.1% were American.Of the 145,194 households, 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.5% were non-families, and 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age was 32.6 years.The median income for a household in the county was $47,922 and the median income for a family was $61,622. Males had a median income of $42,453 versus $34,012 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,805. About 10.0% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Dow Jones Industrial Average", "paragraph_text": "The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), or simply the Dow (/ ˈdaʊ /), is a stock market index that shows how 30 large, publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market. The value of the Dow is not a weighted arithmetic mean and does not represent its component companies' market capitalization, but rather the sum of the price of one share of stock for each component company. The sum is corrected by a factor which changes whenever one of the component stocks has a stock split or stock dividend, so as to generate a consistent value for the index.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gray County, Texas", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $31,368, and the median income for a family was $40,019. Males had a median income of $32,401 versus $20,158 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,702. About 11.20% of families and 13.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.60% of those under age 18 and 9.60% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Garfield County, Utah", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $35,180, and the median income for a family was $40,192. Males had a median income of $30,239 versus $20,408 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,439. About 6.10% of families and 8.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.80% of those under age 18 and 10.40% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dow Jones Industrial Average", "paragraph_text": "The Dow Jones Industrial Average / ˌdaʊ ˈdʒoʊnz /, also called DJIA, the Industrial Average, the Dow Jones, the Dow Jones Industrial, ^ DJI, the Dow 30 or simply the Dow, is a stock market index, and one of several indices created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Company co-founder Charles Dow. The industrial average was first calculated on May 26, 1896. Currently owned by S&P Dow Jones Indices, which is majority owned by S&P Global, it is the most notable of the Dow Averages, of which the first (non-industrial) was originally published on February 16, 1885. The averages are named after Dow and one of his business associates, statistician Edward Jones. It is an index that shows how 30 large publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market. It is the second - oldest U.S. market index after the Dow Jones Transportation Average, which was also created by Dow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Atascosa County, Texas", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $33,081, and the median income for a family was $37,705. Males had a median income of $27,702 versus $18,810 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,276. About 16.10% of families and 20.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.60% of those under age 18 and 21.70% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Milo Komenich", "paragraph_text": "During the 1949–50 season, Milo Komenich played in 64 games for the Anderson Packers, averaging 9.9 points per game. Komenich also played for the Fort Wayne Pistons of the National Basketball League and the Dow Chemical and 20th Century Fox teams of the AAU.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Monroe County, Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $30,307, and the median income for a family was $36,749. Males had a median income of $30,232 versus $20,411 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,072. About 13.60% of families and 17.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.30% of those under age 18 and 21.70% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145250, "question": "Where was Jim Dow born?", "answer": "Boston", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 6862, "question": "What is the average family income in #1 ?", "answer": "$61,035", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Three Stooges Meet Hercules", "paragraph_text": "The Three Stooges Meet Hercules is a 1962 comedy film directed by Edward Bernds. It is the third feature film to star the Three Stooges after their 1959 resurgence in popularity. By this time, the trio consisted of Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita (dubbed \"Curly Joe\"). Released by Columbia Pictures, \"The Three Stooges Meet Hercules\" was directed by long-time Stooges director Edward Bernds. It was the most financially successful of the Stooges' feature films.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gold Raiders", "paragraph_text": "The 56-minute \"Gold Raiders\" was economically filmed in five days by director Edward Bernds, who also directed several of the Stooges' shorts. Filmed on December 26–30, 1950, Bernds later commented \"I should have never made that picture. It was an ultra-quickie shot in five days at a cost of $50,000 ($ today), which, even then, was ridiculously low. I'm afraid the picture shows it!\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Burundian franc", "paragraph_text": "The franc became the currency of Burundi in 1916, when Belgium occupied the former German colony and replaced the German East African rupie with the Belgian Congo franc. Burundi used the currency of Belgian Congo until 1960, when the Rwanda and Burundi franc was introduced. Burundi began issuing its own francs in 1964.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Moon and Other Lovers", "paragraph_text": "The Moon and Other Lovers () is a 2008 German tragicomic film written and directed by Bernd Böhlich. It was entered into the 30th Moscow International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "German military administration in occupied France during World War II", "paragraph_text": "Military Administration in France Militärverwaltung in Frankreich Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne 1940 -- 1944 Flag Emblem German (pink) and Italian (green) occupation zones of France: the zone occupée, the zone libre, the zone interdite, the Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France, and annexed Alsace - Lorraine. Status Territory under German military administration Capital Paris Military Commander 1940 -- 1942 Otto von Stülpnagel 1942 -- 1944 Carl - Heinrich von Stülpnagel 1944 Karl Kitzinger Historical era World War II Second Compiègne armistice 22 June 1940 Case Anton 11 November 1942 Liberation of Paris 25 August 1944 Preceded by Succeeded by French Third Republic Provisional Government of the French Republic", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Errol Nolan", "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Béez", "paragraph_text": "The Béez, is a left tributary of the Gave de Pau, in Béarn (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), in the Southwest of France. It flows into the gave upstream from Pau, between the Ouzoum and the Luz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Luz Dary Castro", "paragraph_text": "Luz Dary Castro Lemos (born May 30, 1978, in Bogotá) is a female shot putter and discus thrower from Colombia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Jure Primorac", "paragraph_text": "Jure Primorac (born December 10, 1981 in Split, Croatia) is a Croatian-born French professional football player of Croatian descent. Currently, he plays in the Championnat de France amateur for US Ivry. He also holds Croatian citizenship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sophia (robot)", "paragraph_text": "On October 11, 2017, Sophia was introduced to the United Nations with a brief conversation with the United Nations Deputy Secretary - General, Amina J. Mohammed. On October 25, at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality. This attracted controversy as some commentators wondered if this implied that Sophia could vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown could be considered murder. Social media users used Sophia's citizenship to criticize Saudi Arabia's human rights record. As explained by Ali Al - Ahmed, director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, ``Women (in Saudi Arabia) have since committed suicide because they could n't leave the house, and Sophia is running around (without a male guardian). Saudi law does n't allow non-Muslims to get citizenship. Did Sophia convert to Islam? What is the religion of this Sophia and why is n't she wearing hijab? If she applied for citizenship as a human she would n't get it. ''In December 2017, Sophia's creator David Hanson said in an interview that Sophia will use her citizenship to advocate for women's rights in her now country of citizenship; Newsweek criticized that`` What (Hanson) means, exactly, is unclear ''..", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Citizenship Counts", "paragraph_text": "Citizenship Counts is a non-partisan 501(c)(3) organization based in Arizona that is dedicated to inspiring American youth with a civic education curriculum that teaches them the value and responsibilities of citizenship, promotes pride in American citizenship, and encourages students to be involved in their communities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Luz Blanchet", "paragraph_text": "Luz Blanchet (born Luz Blanchet Enríquez de Rivera in Mexico City) is a Mexican TV host that started her career on the network TeleHit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Bernd Luz", "paragraph_text": "Bernd Luz (born May 20, 1966 in Rottweil, Germany) is a contemporary German visual artist and communication designer, whose work bridges the divide between independent art and commissioned work, the abstract and objective.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Grace Polit", "paragraph_text": "In 1974, Polit began her arts creation, \"Universal Heritage\". Her painting \"Yo soy la Luz del Mundo\" is exhibited in the Vatican Museum in Rome. Her art has won several awards and has been exhibited in Sweden, France, Italy, England and Canada. Her paintings can be found in many museums and art galleries, as well as in private collections all over the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Albano Carrisi", "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Geography of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "The country of Brazil occupies roughly half of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil covers a total area of 8,514,215 km (3,287,357 sq mi) which includes 8,456,510 km (3,265,080 sq mi) of land and 55,455 km (21,411 sq mi) of water. The highest point in Brazil is Pico da Neblina at 2,994 m (9,823 ft). Brazil is bordered by the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, and France (overseas department of France, French Guiana).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Carlos Luz", "paragraph_text": "After the political crisis following the Getúlio Vargas suicide in 1954, Carlos Luz was the second of three presidents who ruled Brazil in a brief period of 16 months. At the time of President Café Filho's alleged illness in 1955 he was the President of the Chamber of Deputies, and so the next in the line of succession to the Presidency, since Filho had been the Vice President under Vargas. Luz headed the government only three days in November 1955 and was replaced by the Minister of Defence Henrique Teixeira Lott over his fear that Luz might support a plot to prevent President-elect Juscelino Kubitschek from taking office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Telman Ismailov", "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Bernd Baumgart", "paragraph_text": "Bernd Baumgart (born 3 July 1955) is a German rower who competed for East Germany in the 1976 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Moon Is Down", "paragraph_text": "The Moon Is Down is a novel by American writer John Steinbeck. Fashioned for adaptation for the theatre and for which Steinbeck received the Norwegian King Haakon VII Freedom Cross, it was published by Viking Press in March 1942. The story tells of the military occupation of a small town in Northern Europe by the army of an unnamed nation at war with England and Russia (much like the occupation of Norway by the Germans during World War II). A French language translation of the book was published illegally in Nazi-occupied France by Les Éditions de Minuit, a French Resistance publishing house. Furthermore, numerous other editions were also secretly published across all of occupied Europe, including Norwegian, Danish, Dutch, and Italian versions (as well as a Swedish version); it was the best known work of U.S. literature in the Soviet Union during the war. Although the text never names the occupying force as German, references to \"The Leader\", \"Memories of defeats in Belgium and France 20 years ago\" clearly suggest it. Written with a purpose to motivate and enthuse the resistance movements in occupied countries, the book has appeared in at least 92 editions across the world.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 103207, "question": "What is Bernd Luz's country of citizenship?", "answer": "Germany", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 68056, "question": "when was france occupied by #1 in ww2", "answer": "1940 -- 1944", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "By the 1840s, India was no longer capable of supplying the vast quantities of cotton fibers needed by mechanized British factories, while shipping bulky, low-price cotton from India to Britain was time-consuming and expensive. This, coupled with the emergence of American cotton as a superior type (due to the longer, stronger fibers of the two domesticated native American species, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense), encouraged British traders to purchase cotton from plantations in the United States and plantations in the Caribbean. By the mid-19th century, \"King Cotton\" had become the backbone of the southern American economy. In the United States, cultivating and harvesting cotton became the leading occupation of slaves.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "GM cotton acreage in India grew at a rapid rate, increasing from 50,000 hectares in 2002 to 10.6 million hectares in 2011. The total cotton area in India was 12.1 million hectares in 2011, so GM cotton was grown on 88% of the cotton area. This made India the country with the largest area of GM cotton in the world. A long-term study on the economic impacts of Bt cotton in India, published in the Journal PNAS in 2012, showed that Bt cotton has increased yields, profits, and living standards of smallholder farmers. The U.S. GM cotton crop was 4.0 million hectares in 2011 the second largest area in the world, the Chinese GM cotton crop was third largest by area with 3.9 million hectares and Pakistan had the fourth largest GM cotton crop area of 2.6 million hectares in 2011. The initial introduction of GM cotton proved to be a success in Australia – the yields were equivalent to the non-transgenic varieties and the crop used much less pesticide to produce (85% reduction). The subsequent introduction of a second variety of GM cotton led to increases in GM cotton production until 95% of the Australian cotton crop was GM in 2009 making Australia the country with the fifth largest GM cotton crop in the world. Other GM cotton growing countries in 2011 were Argentina, Myanmar, Burkina Faso, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, South Africa and Costa Rica.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "A public genome sequencing effort of cotton was initiated in 2007 by a consortium of public researchers. They agreed on a strategy to sequence the genome of cultivated, tetraploid cotton. \"Tetraploid\" means that cultivated cotton actually has two separate genomes within its nucleus, referred to as the A and D genomes. The sequencing consortium first agreed to sequence the D-genome relative of cultivated cotton (G. raimondii, a wild Central American cotton species) because of its small size and limited number of repetitive elements. It is nearly one-third the number of bases of tetraploid cotton (AD), and each chromosome is only present once.[clarification needed] The A genome of G. arboreum would be sequenced next. Its genome is roughly twice the size of G. raimondii's. Part of the difference in size between the two genomes is the amplification of retrotransposons (GORGE). Once both diploid genomes are assembled, then research could begin sequencing the actual genomes of cultivated cotton varieties. This strategy is out of necessity; if one were to sequence the tetraploid genome without model diploid genomes, the euchromatic DNA sequences of the AD genomes would co-assemble and the repetitive elements of AD genomes would assembly independently into A and D sequences respectively. Then there would be no way to untangle the mess of AD sequences without comparing them to their diploid counterparts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Cotton Pickers", "paragraph_text": "The Cotton Pickers, 1876 is an oil painting by Winslow Homer of two young African-American women in a cotton field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Saint Barthélemy", "paragraph_text": "Agricultural production on the island is difficult given the dry and rocky terrain, but the early settlers managed to produce vegetables, cotton, pineapples, salt, bananas and also fishing. Sweet potato is also grown in patches. The islanders developed commerce through the port of Gustavia. Duty-free port attractions, retail trade, high-end tourism (mostly from North America) and its luxury hotels and villas have increased the island's prosperity, reflected in the high standard of living of its citizens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "I've Got the World on a String", "paragraph_text": "``I've Got The World on a String ''is a 1932 popular jazz song composed by Harold Arlen, with lyrics written by Ted Koehler. It was written for the twenty - first edition of the Cotton Club series which opened on October 23, 1932, the first of the Cotton Club Parades.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These include terrycloth for highly absorbent bath towels and robes; denim for blue jeans; cambric, popularly used in the manufacture of blue work shirts (from which we get the term \"blue-collar\"); and corduroy, seersucker, and cotton twill. Socks, underwear, and most T-shirts are made from cotton. Bed sheets often are made from cotton. Cotton also is used to make yarn used in crochet and knitting. Fabric also can be made from recycled or recovered cotton that otherwise would be thrown away during the spinning, weaving, or cutting process. While many fabrics are made completely of cotton, some materials blend cotton with other fibers, including rayon and synthetic fibers such as polyester. It can either be used in knitted or woven fabrics, as it can be blended with elastine to make a stretchier thread for knitted fabrics, and apparel such as stretch jeans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Mike Cotton (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Michael Edward \"Mike\" Cotton (born 12 August 1939) is an English jazz and R&B trumpeter, flugelhornist, harmonicist, vocalist and bandleader born in Tottenham, North London. He is best known for leading his band under the names The Mike Cotton Jazzmen and The Mike Cotton Sound. Cotton currently plays with the Stars of British Jazz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "The earliest evidence of cotton use in South Asia has been found at the site of Mehrgarh, Pakistan, where cotton threads have been found preserved in copper beads; these finds have been dated to Neolithic (between 6000 and 5000 BCE). Cotton cultivation in the region is dated to the Indus Valley Civilization, which covered parts of modern eastern Pakistan and northwestern India between 3300 and 1300 BCE The Indus cotton industry was well-developed and some methods used in cotton spinning and fabrication continued to be used until the industrialization of India. Between 2000 and 1000 BC cotton became widespread across much of India. For example, it has been found at the site of Hallus in Karnataka dating from around 1000 BC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "In Iran (Persia), the history of cotton dates back to the Achaemenid era (5th century BC); however, there are few sources about the planting of cotton in pre-Islamic Iran. The planting of cotton was common in Merv, Ray and Pars of Iran. In Persian poets' poems, especially Ferdowsi's Shahname, there are references to cotton (\"panbe\" in Persian). Marco Polo (13th century) refers to the major products of Persia, including cotton. John Chardin, a French traveler of the 17th century who visited the Safavid Persia, spoke approvingly of the vast cotton farms of Persia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton from plants not genetically modified and that is certified to be grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers or pesticides. Its production also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological cycles. In the United States, organic cotton plantations are required to enforce the National Organic Program (NOP). This institution determines the allowed practices for pest control, growing, fertilizing, and handling of organic crops. As of 2007, 265,517 bales of organic cotton were produced in 24 countries, and worldwide production was growing at a rate of more than 50% per year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cotton gin", "paragraph_text": "The invention of the cotton gin caused massive growth in the production of cotton in the United States, concentrated mostly in the South. Cotton production expanded from 750,000 bales in 1830 to 2.85 million bales in 1850. As a result, the region became even more dependent on plantations and slavery, with plantation agriculture becoming the largest sector of its economy. While it took a single slave about ten hours to separate a single pound of fiber from the seeds, a team of two or three slaves using a cotton gin could produce around fifty pounds of cotton in just one day. The number of slaves rose in concert with the increase in cotton production, increasing from around 700,000 in 1790 to around 3.2 million in 1850. By 1860, black slave labor from the American South was providing two - thirds of the world's supply of cotton, and up to 80% of the crucial British market. The cotton gin thus ``transformed cotton as a crop and the American South into the globe's first agricultural powerhouse ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Arbequina", "paragraph_text": "Arbequina is a cultivar of olives. The fruit is highly aromatic, small, symmetrical and dark brown, with a rounded apex and a broad peduncular cavity. In Europe, it is mostly grown in Catalonia, Spain, but it is also grown in Aragon and Andalusia, as well as California, Argentina, Chile, and Australia. It has recently become one of the dominant olive cultivars in the world, largely under highly intensive, \"super high-density\" plantation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Most cotton in the United States, Europe and Australia is harvested mechanically, either by a cotton picker, a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a cotton stripper, which strips the entire boll off the plant. Cotton strippers are used in regions where it is too windy to grow picker varieties of cotton, and usually after application of a chemical defoliant or the natural defoliation that occurs after a freeze. Cotton is a perennial crop in the tropics, and without defoliation or freezing, the plant will continue to grow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the French market. Mohamed Ali Pasha accepted the proposition and granted himself the monopoly on the sale and export of cotton in Egypt; and later dictated cotton should be grown in preference to other crops. By the time of the American Civil war annual exports had reached $16 million (120,000 bales), which rose to $56 million by 1864, primarily due to the loss of the Confederate supply on the world market. Exports continued to grow even after the reintroduction of US cotton, produced now by a paid workforce, and Egyptian exports reached 1.2 million bales a year by 1903.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Engineering achievements of the revolution ranged from electrification to developments in materials science. The advancements made a great contribution to the quality of life. In the first revolution, Lewis Paul was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinning cotton in a cotton mill. Matthew Boulton and James Watt's improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Calico Acts", "paragraph_text": "The Calico Acts (1700, 1721) banned the import of most cotton textiles into England, followed by the restriction of sale of most cotton textiles. It was a form of economic protectionism, largely in response to India (particularly Bengal), which dominated world cotton textile markets at the time. The Acts were a precursor to the Industrial Revolution, when Britain eventually surpassed India as the world's leading textile manufacturer in the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Beginning as a self-help program in the mid-1960s, the Cotton Research and Promotion Program (CRPP) was organized by U.S. cotton producers in response to cotton's steady decline in market share. At that time, producers voted to set up a per-bale assessment system to fund the program, with built-in safeguards to protect their investments. With the passage of the Cotton Research and Promotion Act of 1966, the program joined forces and began battling synthetic competitors and re-establishing markets for cotton. Today, the success of this program has made cotton the best-selling fiber in the U.S. and one of the best-selling fibers in the world.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cotton production in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Texas produces more cotton than any other state in the United States. With eight production regions around Texas, and only four geographic regions, it is the state's leading cash crop. Texas produces approximately 25% of the country's cotton crop on more than 6 million acres, the equivalent of over 9,000 square miles (23,000 km) of cotton fields. Texas Cotton Producers includes nine certified cotton grower organizations; it addresses national and statewide cotton grower issues, such as the national farm bill and environmental legislation.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 62838, "question": "where is most of the world's cotton grown", "answer": "China", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 36717, "question": "What does #1 mean?", "answer": "Middle Kingdom", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Feldafing station", "paragraph_text": "The railway line from Munich to Starnberg was opened in 1854. On 1 July 1865, Feldafing station was opened along with the extension of the line to Weilheim. In 1900 and 1901 platform subway was built at the station. In 1902 the line was duplicated. Since 1972, the station has only been served by Munich S-Bahn trains.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Josiah Kirby House", "paragraph_text": "The Josiah Kirby House is a historic residence in the city of Wyoming, Ohio, United States. Erected in the late nineteenth century, it was originally the home of a prominent Cincinnati-area businessman and politician, and it has been designated a historic site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens. The opening of the subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "I Knew I Loved You", "paragraph_text": "The music video was filmed by director Kevin Bray in August 1999 on a New York City Subway set that had previously been used on the sitcom Seinfeld. It features Hayes playing out a romantic plot on a subway train, with a female passenger (played by American actress Kirsten Dunst) as the object of his affections.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Josiah Franklin", "paragraph_text": "Josiah Franklin Sr. (December 23, 1657 – January 16, 1745) was an English businessman and the father of Benjamin Franklin. Born in the village of Ecton, Northamptonshire, England, Josiah was the ninth child of blacksmith Thomas Franklin (b. 1598), and his first wife, Jane White. Thomas was the son of Henry Franckline (b. 1573) and Agnes Joanes. Thomas Franklin remarried and had more children. Josiah Franklin worked as a fabric dyer in Ecton. In Boston, he was a member of the Congregational Old South Church where he served as a tithingman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Quincy Market", "paragraph_text": "Quincy Market is a historic market complex near Faneuil Hall in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. It was constructed in 1824–26 and named in honor of Mayor Josiah Quincy, who organized its construction without any tax or debt. The market is a designated National Historic Landmark and Boston Landmark, significant as one of the largest market complexes built in the United States in the first half of the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "History of the New York City Subway", "paragraph_text": "The first underground line opened on October 27, 1904, almost 35 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line. By the time the first subway opened, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT, later Brooklyn -- Manhattan Transit Corporation, BMT) and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT). Many present lines were built under the Dual Contracts, and after 1913, all lines built for the IRT and most other lines built or improved for the BRT were built by the city and leased to the companies. The first line of the city - owned and operated Independent Subway System (IND) opened in 1932; this system was intended to compete with the private systems and allow some of the elevated railways to be torn down, but kept within the core of the City due to the low amount of startup capital provided to the municipal Board of Transportation, the later MTA, by the state. This required it to be run ``at cost '', necessitating fares up to double the five - cent fare popular at the time.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Ilsan Line", "paragraph_text": "Ilsan Line is a subway line operated by Seoul Metropolitan Subway, in Seoul, South Korea. It is part of Seoul Metro's Line 3.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Aqueduct Racetrack station", "paragraph_text": "Aqueduct Racetrack is a station on the IND Rockaway Line of the New York City Subway. Located on the west side of Aqueduct Racetrack near Pitkin Avenue in Ozone Park, Queens, it is served by northbound A trains at all times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The iconic New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 469, and by length of routes. New York's subway is notable for nearly the entire system remaining open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong, London, Paris, Seoul, and Tokyo. The New York City Subway is also the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere, with 1.75 billion passengers rides in 2014, while Grand Central Terminal, also popularly referred to as \"Grand Central Station\", is the world's largest railway station by number of train platforms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Young Guns (film)", "paragraph_text": "Emilio Estevez as William H. ``Billy the Kid ''Bonney Kiefer Sutherland as Josiah Gordon`` Doc'' Scurlock Lou Diamond Phillips as Jose Chavez y Chavez Charlie Sheen as Richard ``Dick ''Brewer Dermot Mulroney as`` Dirty Steve'' Stephens Casey Siemaszko as Charlie Bowdre Terence Stamp as John Tunstall Jack Palance as Lawrence Murphy Terry O'Quinn as Alexander McSween Sharon Thomas as Susan McSween Alice Carter as Yen Sun Geoffrey Blake as J. McCloskey Brian Keith as Buckshot Roberts Patrick Wayne as Pat Garrett", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Diamant premetro station", "paragraph_text": "The Diamant premetro station is a station on the Brussels Metro located in the municipality of Schaerbeek in Brussels, Belgium. It was inaugurated on May 2, 1972. The station is a \"premetro\" station. It is thus not used by conventional subway trains, but by Brussels trams. It is one of four subway stations of the so-called Greater Ring axis built in the 1970s, which runs under the greater ring road. This underground station is currently served by tram routes 7 and 25. It offers a connection with bus routes 12, 21, 28, 29 and 79 at ground level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "New York City Subway", "paragraph_text": "The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the state - run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened in 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one of the world's most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most stations. It offers service 24 hours per day on every day of the year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "New York City Subway", "paragraph_text": "The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the state - run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened in 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one of the world's most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most stations. It offers service 24 hours per day on every day of the year, though some routes may operate only part - time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Josiah Sutherland", "paragraph_text": "Josiah Sutherland (June 12, 1804 Stissing, Dutchess County, New York – May 25, 1887 New York City) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "Multibillion US$ heavy-rail transit projects under construction in New York City include the Second Avenue Subway, the East Side Access project, and the 7 Subway Extension.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Tremont Street subway", "paragraph_text": "The Tremont Street Subway in Boston's MBTA Subway system is the oldest subway tunnel in North America and the third oldest worldwide to exclusively use electric traction (after the City and South London Railway in 1890, and the Budapest Metro's Line 1 in 1896), opening on September 1, 1897. It was originally built to get streetcar lines off the traffic - clogged streets, instead of as a true rapid transit line. It now forms the central part of the Green Line, connecting Boylston Street to Park Street and Government Center stations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "SS Josiah Parker", "paragraph_text": "SS Josiah Parker was a Liberty Ship built during World War II by Delta Shipbuilding Company, New Orleans, LA, of the EC2-S-C1 Type. The ship was named for Josiah Parker (1751 – 1810), an American politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia in the First through Sixth United States Congresses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "William Sutherland of Roscommon", "paragraph_text": "William Sutherland of Roscommon (died 1715), also known as William Sutherland of Mostowie, was a Member of the Parliament of Scotland from 1703 to 1706 and Provost of Elgin from 1705 to 1708. He was son of James Sutherland, 2nd Lord Duffus and married Helen Duff, the eldest daughter of William Duff of Dipple, in 1702. Sutherland owned the estates of Moostowie and Aldroughty. In 1715, his estates were forfeited and he died abroad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "USS Portsmouth (1843)", "paragraph_text": "The second USS Portsmouth was a wooden sloop-of-war in the United States Navy in service during the mid-to-late 19th century. She was designed by Josiah Barker on the lines of a French-built privateer, and built at the Portsmouth Navy Yard, directly across the Piscataqua River from Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She was described as an improvement over the built in the same shipyard a year earlier. The \"Portsmouth\" was launched on 23 October 1843 and commissioned on 10 November 1844, with Commander John Berrien Montgomery in command.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 146074, "question": "In what city did Josiah Sutherland die?", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 90942, "question": "when were the subways built in #1", "answer": "October 27, 1904", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Café Coffee Day", "paragraph_text": "Coffee Day Global Limited Cafe Coffee Day logo Trading name Café Coffee Day Type Subsidiary of Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Traded as BSE: 539436 NSE: COFFEEDAY (parent company) ISIN INE335K01011 Industry Coffeehouse Founded 1996; 22 years ago (1996) Headquarters Coffee Day Square, Vittal Mallya Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Number of locations 1,556 (17 October 2015) Area served India, Austria, Czech Republic, Malaysia and Egypt Key people V.G. Siddhartha (Chairman) Products Coffee Tea Pastries cappuccino beverages Smoothies Revenue ₹13.26 billion (US $210 million) (2015) Number of employees 5000 + Parent Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Subsidiaries Café Emporio Coffee Day Fresh 'n Ground Coffee Day Xpress Coffee Day Take Away Coffee Day Exports Coffee Day Perfect Coffee Day Beverages Website www.cafecoffeeday.com", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "Israel has a three-tier court system. At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mourad Benchellali", "paragraph_text": "On February 17, 2010, the Court of Cassation, the highest court in France, ordered a re-trial of the five men.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Courts of England and Wales", "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court is the highest appeal court in almost all cases in England and Wales. Before the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 this role was held by the House of Lords. The Supreme Court is also the highest court of appeal for devolution matters, a role previously held by the Privy Council.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Supreme Court of Puerto Rico", "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico — (TSPR)— is the highest court of Puerto Rico, having judicial authority to interpret and decide questions of Puerto Rican law. The Court is analogous to one of the state supreme courts of the states of the United States; being the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico the highest state court and the court of last resort in Puerto Rico. Article V of the Constitution of Puerto Rico vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court—which by its nature forms the judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico. The Supreme Court holds its sessions in San Juan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Kopi luwak", "paragraph_text": "Although kopi luwak is a form of processing rather than a variety of coffee, it has been called one of the most expensive coffees in the world with retail prices reaching €550 / US $700 per kilogram. The price of farmed (considered low - grade by connoisseurs) kopi luwak in large Indonesian supermarkets is from US $100 per kilogram (five times the price of a high quality local arabica coffee).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "In Brazil, the Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal) is the highest court. It is both the constitutional court and the court of last resort in Brazilian law. It only reviews cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases. It also judges, in original jurisdiction, cases involving members of congress, senators, ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic. The Superior Court of Justice (Tribunal Superior de Justiça) reviews State and Federal Circuit courts decisions for civil law and criminal law cases, when dealing with federal law or conflicting rulings. The Superior Labour Tribunal (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) reviews cases involving labour law. The Superior Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) is the court of last resort of electoral law, and also oversees general elections. The Superior Military Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Militar) is the highest court in matters of federal military law.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Supreme Court of Christmas Island", "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of Christmas Island was the highest court for Christmas Island, an external territory of Australia. The court was originally established in 1958 after sovereignty over the island was transferred from the United Kingdom to Australia. The court had jurisdiction to deal with all serious crimes and major civil claims for damages occurring on the island. The court was abolished on 10 May 2002.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Costa Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Costa Coffee was founded in London in 1971 by the Costa family as a wholesale operation supplying roasted coffee to caterers and specialist Italian coffee shops. Acquired by Whitbread in 1995, it has since grown to 3,401 stores across 31 countries. The business has 2,121 UK restaurants, over 6,000 Costa Express vending facilities and a further 1,280 outlets overseas (including 395 in China).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Western Highlands Province", "paragraph_text": "Western Highlands is a province of Papua New Guinea. The provincial capital is Mount Hagen. The province covers an area of 4,299 km2, and there are 362,850 inhabitants (2011 census), making the Western Highlands the most densely populated province (apart from the National Capital District). Tea and coffee are grown in the Western Highlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "In South Africa, a \"two apex\" system existed from 1994 to 2013. The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) was created in 1994 and replaced the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa as the highest court of appeal in non-constitutional matters. The SCA is subordinate to the Constitutional Court, which is the highest court in matters involving the interpretation and application of the Constitution. But in August 2013 the Constitution was amended to make the Constitutional Court the country's single apex court, superior to the SCA in all matters, both constitutional and non-constitutional.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "The titles of state supreme court vary, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions because one state may use a name for its highest court that another uses for a lower court. In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by many states for their intermediate appellate courts. Further, trial courts of general jurisdiction in New York are called the Supreme Court, and the intermediate appellate court is called the Supreme Court, Appellate Division. In West Virginia, the highest court of the state is the Supreme Court of Appeals. In Maine and Massachusetts the highest court is styled the \"Supreme Judicial Court\"; the last is the oldest appellate court of continuous operation in the Western Hemisphere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kansas Supreme Court", "paragraph_text": "The Kansas Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the state of Kansas. Composed of seven justices, led by Chief Justice Lawton Nuss, the court supervises the legal profession, administers the judicial branch, and serves as the state court of last resort in the appeals process.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to interpret the constitution but its further appellate jurisdiction from lower courts is defined by law. The Irish Supreme Court consists of its presiding member, the Chief Justice, and seven other judges. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in accordance with the binding advice of the Government. The Supreme Court sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Coffee production in India", "paragraph_text": "Coffee production in India is dominated in the hill tracts of South Indian states, with Karnataka accounting for 71%, followed by Kerala with 21% and Tamil Nadu (5% of overall production with 8,200 tonnes). Indian coffee is said to be the finest coffee grown in the shade rather than direct sunlight anywhere in the world. There are about 250,000 coffee growers in the country; 98% of them are small growers. As of 2009, Indian coffee made up just 4.5% of the global production. Almost 80% of Indian coffee is exported; 70% is bound for Germany, Russia, Spain, Belgium, Slovenia, United States, Japan, Greece, Netherlands and France. Italy accounts for 29% of the exports. Most of the export is shipped through the Suez Canal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Hélio Quaglia Barbosa", "paragraph_text": "Hélio Quaglia Barbosa (November 25, 1941 – February 1, 2008) was a Brazilian who served on the country's Superior Court of Justice, which is Brazil's highest appellate court for non-constitutional issues.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement. The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "List of countries by coffee production", "paragraph_text": "Country 60 kilogram bags Metric Tons Pounds Brazil 43,200,000 2,592,000 5,714,381,000 Vietnam 27,500,000 1,650,000 3,637,627,000 Colombia 13,500,000 810,000 1,785,744,000 Indonesia 11,000,000 660,000 1,455,050,000 Ethiopia 6,400,000 384,000 846,575,000 Honduras 5,800,000 348,000 767,208,000 India 5,800,000 348,000 767,208,000 Uganda 4,800,000 288,000 634,931,000 Mexico 3,900,000 234,000 515,881,000 Guatemala 3,400,000 204,000 449,743,000 Peru 3,200,000 192,000 423,287,000 Nicaragua 2,200,000 132,000 291,010,000 China 1,947,000 116,820 257,544,000 Ivory Coast 1,800,000 108,000 238,099,000 Costa Rica 1,492,000 89,520 197,357,000 Kenya 833,000 49,980 110,187,000 Papua New Guinea 800,000 48,000 105,821,000 Tanzania 800,000 48,000 105,821,000 El Salvador 762,000 45,720 100,795,000 Ecuador 700,000 42,000 92,594,000 Cameroon 570,000 34,200 75,398,000 Laos 520,000 31,200 68,784,000 Madagascar 520,000 31,200 68,784,000 Gabon 500,000 30,000 66,138,000 Thailand 500,000 30,000 66,138,000 Venezuela 500,000 30,000 66,138,000 Dominican Republic 400,000 24,000 52,910,000 Haiti 350,000 21,000 46,297,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo 335,000 20,100 44,312,000 Rwanda 250,000 15,000 33,069,000 Burundi 200,000 12,000 26,455,000 Philippines 200,000 12,000 26,455,000 Togo 200,000 12,000 26,455,000 Guinea 160,000 9,600 21,164,000 Yemen 120,000 7,200 15,873,000 Cuba 100,000 6,000 13,227,000 Panama 100,000 6,000 13,227,000 Bolivia 90,000 5,400 11,904,000 Timor Leste 80,000 4,800 10,582,000 Central African Republic 65,000 3,900 8,598,000 Nigeria 40,000 2,400 5,291,000 Ghana 37,000 2,220 4,894,000 Sierra Leone 36,000 2,160 4,761,000 Angola 35,000 2,100 4,629,000 Jamaica 21,000 1,260 2,777,000 Paraguay 20,000 1,200 2,645,000 Malawi 16,000 960 2,116,000 Trinidad and Tobago 12,000 720 1,587,000 Zimbabwe 10,000 600 1,322,000 Liberia 6,000 360 793,000 Zambia 2,000 120 264,000", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the Privy Council. On the other hand, in some places the court named the \"Supreme Court\" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales, which are all superseded by higher Courts of Appeal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Xen Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Xen Coffee is an independent siphon coffee bar in Hong Kong. Xen Coffee's first coffee shop was in Quarry Bay. Xen Coffee serves highly selective coffee varieties from Africa, Indonesia, Central and South Americas. Xen Coffee was awarded Best Fair Trade Cafe in Hong Kong for its effort as a pioneer in promoting Fair Trade products like chocolate from Ghana, organic coffee from Ethiopian Yirgacheffe and the rainforest of Guatemala in Hong Kong. \"Time Out\" magazine (Hong Kong edition) has selected Xen Coffee as one of Hong Kong's 20 Best Coffee Spots. Xen Coffee has also been covered in \"My Coffee Guide\" written by Moses Chan, a coffee geek and celebrity in Hong Kong. Helen Chow, the head Siphonist of Xen Coffee was awarded the title of World Siphonist by the Specialty Coffee Association of Japan (SCAJ) to honor her achievement as second runner-up in the World Siphonist Championship (WSC) 2010. The founder of Xen Coffee, Dixon Ip, is the first person in China to obtain certifications from both the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) and Coffee Quality Institute (CQI) as SCAA Cupping Judge and CQI Licensed Q Grader. Xen Coffee focuses on educating the local community on coffee beyond espresso and promoting the concept of enjoying specialty coffee from single origins.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 89788, "question": "where is most of the worlds coffee grown", "answer": "Brazil", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 25092, "question": "What is the highest court in #1 ?", "answer": "Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal)", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Prime Minister of Dominica", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Dominica is the head of government in the Commonwealth of Dominica. Nominally, the position was created on November 3, 1978 when Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom. Hitherto, the position existed de facto as Premier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "History of Ireland", "paragraph_text": "In 1922, after the Irish War of Independence and the Anglo - Irish Treaty, most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom to become the independent Irish Free State, which after the 1937 constitution, began to call itself Ireland. The six northeastern counties, known as Northern Ireland, remained within the United Kingdom. The Irish Civil War followed soon after the War of Independence. The history of Northern Ireland has since been dominated by sporadic sectarian conflict between (mainly Catholic) Irish nationalists and (mainly Protestant) unionists. This conflict erupted into the Troubles in the late 1960s, until peace was achieved with the Belfast Agreement thirty years later.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Nigerian nationalism", "paragraph_text": "Nigerian nationalism asserts that Nigerians are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Nigerians. Nigerian nationalism is a territorial nationalism, emphasizing a cultural connection of the people to the land -- in particular the Niger and Benue rivers. It first emerged in the 1920s under the influence of Herbert Macaulay who is considered the founder of Nigerian nationalism. It was founded because of the belief in the necessity for the people living in the British colony of Nigeria of multiple backgrounds to unite as one people in order to be able to resist colonialism. The people of Nigeria came together as they recognized the discrepancies of British policy. ``The problem of ethnic nationalism in Nigeria came with the advent of colonialism. This happened when disparate, autonomous, heterogeneous and sub - national groups were merged together to form a nation. Again, the colonialists created structural imbalances within the nation in terms of socio - economic projects, social development and establishment of administrative centres. This imbalance deepened the antipathies between the various ethnic nationalities in Nigeria (Nnoli, 1980; Y oung, 1993 and Aluko, 1998). ''The Nigerian nationalists' goal of achieving an independent sovereign state of Nigeria was achieved in 1960 when Nigeria declared its independence and British colonial rule ended. Nigeria's government has sought to unify the various peoples and regions of Nigeria since the country's independence in 1960.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "History of Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Patrick is traditionally credited with preserving and codifying Irish laws and changing only those that conflicted with Christian practices. He is credited with introducing the Roman alphabet, which enabled Irish monks to preserve parts of the extensive oral literature. The historicity of these claims remains the subject of debate and there is no direct evidence linking Patrick with any of these accomplishments. The myth of Patrick, as scholars refer to it, was developed in the centuries after his death.Irish scholars excelled in the study of Latin learning and Christian theology in the monasteries that flourished shortly thereafter. Missionaries from Ireland to England and Continental Europe spread news of the flowering of learning, and scholars from other nations came to Irish monasteries. The excellence and isolation of these monasteries helped preserve Latin learning during the Early Middle Ages. The period of Insular art, mainly in the fields of illuminated manuscripts, metalworking, and sculpture flourished and produced such treasures as the Book of Kells, the Ardagh Chalice, and the many carved stone crosses that dot the island. Insular style was to be a crucial ingredient in the formation of the Romanesque and Gothic styles throughout Western Europe. Sites dating to this period include clochans, ringforts and promontory forts.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Division of Korea", "paragraph_text": "With the onset of the Cold War, negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union failed to lead to an independent, unified Korea. In 1948, UN-supervised elections were held in the US - occupied south only. This led to the establishment of the Republic of Korea in South Korea, which was promptly followed by the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in North Korea. The United States supported the South, the Soviet Union supported the North, and each government claimed sovereignty over the whole Korean peninsula.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Johan Ferrier", "paragraph_text": "Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier (12 May 1910 – 4 January 2010) was a Surinamese politician who served as the 1st President of Suriname from 25 November 1975 to 13 August 1980. He was that country's last governor before independence, from 1968 to 1975, and first president after it gained independence from the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Iran–Pakistan relations", "paragraph_text": "After Pakistan gained its independence in August 1947, Iran was the first country to recognize its sovereign status. Pakistan's relations with Iran grew strained at times due to sectarian tensions, as Pakistani Shias claimed that they were being discriminated against under the Pakistani government's Islamisation programme.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Separation of Panama from Colombia", "paragraph_text": "The separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903, with the establishment of the Republic of Panama. From the Independence of Panama from Spain in 1821, Panama had simultaneously declared independence from Spain and joined itself to the confederation of Gran Colombia through the Independence Act of Panama. Panama was always tenuously connected to the rest of the country to the south, owing to its remoteness from the government in Bogotá and lack of a practical overland connection to the rest of Gran Colombia. In 1840 - 1841, a short - lived independent republic was established under Tomás de Herrera. After rejoining Colombia following a 13 - month independence, it remained a province which saw frequent rebellious flare - ups, notably the Panama crisis of 1885, which saw the intervention of the United States Navy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "History of South America", "paragraph_text": "The Spanish colonies won their independence in the first quarter of the 19th century, in the Spanish American wars of independence. Simón Bolívar (Greater Colombia, Peru, Bolivia), José de San Martín (United Provinces of the River Plate, Chile, and Peru), and Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile) led their independence struggle. Although Bolivar attempted to keep the Spanish - speaking parts of the continent politically unified, they rapidly became independent of one another.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Dominican War of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, was unified with Haiti in 1822. The criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Dominican Republic–Haiti relations", "paragraph_text": "In the Dominican War of Independence Dominicans fought against the Haitian occupation. On February 27, 1844 the Dominicans, led by Juan Pablo Duarte along with Francisco del Rosario Sánchez and Matías Ramón Mella, gained freedom from Haitian rule, thus giving birth to the Dominican Republic, a self - sufficient nation established on the liberal ideals of a democratic government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "List of Attack on Titan characters", "paragraph_text": "Ymir Fritz (ユミル・フリッツ, Yumiru Furittsu) A mythical figure tied to the origins of the Titans who lived around 1,800 years ago, mentioned only in fairy tales. In the stories, Ymir became the first Founding Titan (始祖の巨人, Shiso no Kyojin) when she made a deal with the devil and used her gained power to protect her people from the Marley government. In time, the deceased Ymir's power was divided into nine of her Subjects whose families used the Nine Titans to establish Eldia as an empire for centuries until the reign of Karl Fritz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cabinet of Franjo Gregurić", "paragraph_text": "The Third Government of the Republic of Croatia () or The Government of National Unity (Croatian: \"Vlada nacionalnog jedinstva\") was the Croatian Government cabinet led by Prime Minister Franjo Gregurić. It was announced on 17 July 1991 in response to the escalation of the Croatian War of Independence. It was the 3rd cabinet of Croatia since the first multi-party elections, and its term ended on 12 August 1992 after the first parliamentary election under the 1990 Croatian Constitution. During the term of this cabinet Croatia gained internationally diplomatic recognition and became a member of the United Nations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Republic of the Congo", "paragraph_text": "The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes at least 3,000 years ago, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. The Republic of the Congo was established on the 28th of November 1958 but gained independence from France in 1960. The sovereign state has had multi-party elections since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War, and President Denis Sassou Nguesso, who first came to power in 1979, has ruled for 35 of the past 40 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "The 1960s and 1970s saw an acceleration in the decolonisation of Africa and the Caribbean. Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government. In 1965, however, the Rhodesian Prime Minister, Ian Smith, in opposition to moves toward majority rule, declared unilateral independence from Britain while still expressing \"loyalty and devotion\" to Elizabeth. Although the Queen dismissed him in a formal declaration, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade. As Britain's ties to its former empire weakened, the British government sought entry to the European Community, a goal it achieved in 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "1959 International Cross Country Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 1959 International Cross Country Championships was held in Lisbon, Portugal, at the National Stadium on March 21, 1959. Morocco entered a team for the first time after gaining independence. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "History of the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The first recorded visit by Europeans is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan. He sighted Samar Island on March 16, 1521 and landed the next day on Homonhon Island, now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Spanish colonization began with the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi's expedition on February 13, 1565 from Mexico. He established the first permanent settlement in Cebu. Much of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating the first unified political structure known as the Philippines. Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of Christianity, the code of law and the oldest modern university in Asia. The Philippines was ruled under the Mexico - based Viceroyalty of New Spain until Mexican independence. After which, the colony was directly governed by Spain.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 157772, "question": "What is the first country mentioned?", "answer": "Ireland", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 44126, "question": "when did #1 gain independence and establish a unified government", "answer": "1922", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Won Kuk Lee", "paragraph_text": "Won Kuk Lee was born on April 13, 1907 in Seoul, actual capital of South Korea, which was occupied by Japan and whose regimen regulated all of the population’s activities in the peninsula. It prohibited the practice or teachings of any martial arts, so those interested, had to go outside of Korea (either China or Japan) to learn the arts. Lee was interested in martial arts at a very early age, and he used to get together with the elders in his natal Seoul to listen to the old stories that narrated the practice of millennial Korean martial arts like the Taekkyeon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Middle age", "paragraph_text": "According to the Oxford English Dictionary middle age is between 45 and 65: ``The period between early adulthood and old age, usually considered as the years from about 45 to 65. ''The US Census lists the category middle age from 45 to 65. Merriam - Webster list middle age from 45 to 64, while prominent psychologist Erik Erikson saw it starting a little earlier and defines middle adulthood as between 40 and 65. The Collins English Dictionary, list it between the ages of 40 and 60. and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - the standard diagnostic manual of the American Psychiatric Association - used to define middle age as 40 to 60, but as of DSM - IV (1994) revised the definition upwards to 45 to 65.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Thuringia", "paragraph_text": "The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas. Overall, there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group (\"family founders\") which has negative consequences for the birth ratio. Furthermore, the population is getting older and older with some rural municipalities recording more than 30% of over-65s (pensioners). This is a problem for the regional labour market, as there are twice as many people leaving as entering the job market annually.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Marriage age in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Unlike most Western countries, half of the US states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage. While in most US states, individuals age 18 have the ability to marry (with two exceptions -- Nebraska (19) and Mississippi (21)), all states allow minors to marry in certain circumstances, such as parental consent, judicial consent, pregnancy, or a combination of these situations. Most states allow parties aged 16 and 17 to marry with parental consent alone. In most states, children under 16 can be married too. In the 25 states which have an absolute minimum age set by statute, this age varies between 13 and 17, while in 25 states there is no statutory minimum age if other legal conditions are met. Although in such states there is no set minimum age by statute, the traditional common law minimum age is 14 for boys and 12 for girls - ages which have been confirmed by case law in some states. Over the past 15 years, more than 200,000 minors married in US, and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cave painting", "paragraph_text": "The oldest date given to an animal cave painting is now a pig that has a minimum age of 35,400 years old at Timpuseng cave in Sulawesi, an Indonesian island. Indonesian and Australian scientists have dated other non-figurative paintings on the walls to be approximately 40,000 years old. The method they used to confirm this was dating the age of the stalactites that formed over the top of the paintings. The art is similar in style and method to that of the Indonesian caves as there were also hand stencils and disks made by blowing paint onto the walls. Cave paintings in El Castillo cave were found to date back to at least 37,300 years old by researchers at Bristol University, making them the oldest known cave art in Europe, 5 -- 10,000 years older than previous examples from France. This date coincides with the earliest known evidence for Homo sapiens in Europe. Because of the cave art's age, some scientists have conjectured that the paintings may have been made by Neanderthals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Old Age Security", "paragraph_text": "The Old Age Security pension (or OAS or OAS - GIS) is a taxable monthly social security payment available to most Canadians 65 years of age or older with individual income less than $122,843. As of January 2018, the basic amount is C $586.66 per month. At tax time, recipients with a 2017 income of over $74,788 must pay back a portion of their Old Age Security at a rate of 15% of net income. This is often referred to as the ``OAS clawback ''. OAS amounts are indexed to the Canadian Consumer Price Index and are adjusted every calendar quarter if the 3 - month average CPI has increased.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "paragraph_text": "They were first approved for contraceptive use in the United States in 1960, and are a very popular form of birth control. They are currently used by more than 100 million women worldwide and by almost 12 million women in the United States. As of 2014, 15.6% of U.S. women aged 15–44 reported being on the birth control pill, making it the most widely used contraceptive method among women of that age range. Use varies widely by country, age, education, and marital status. One third of women aged 16–49 in the United Kingdom currently use either the combined pill or progestogen-only pill,", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces. He has, however, cut meaningfully the politicians salaries. These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court. Several individualities belonging to the parties that support the government have also raised their voices against the policies that have been taken in order to try to solve the financial crisis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age", "paragraph_text": "The median age upon accession to the presidency is 55 years and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Habib Miyan", "paragraph_text": "Habib Miyan born as Rahim Khan (1869 (claimed) – 19 August 2008), of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, was an Indian man who claimed to have lived to 138 years of age, though this claim is disputed. He holds the Guinness World record for the Longest retirement pension. The Limca Book of Records lists him as the oldest man of Jaipur, describing him in its 2005 edition as \"over 120 years\", but since he had no birth certificate Guinness did not recognise his claim to be the world's oldest person and the Gerontology Research Group accepted Edna Parker to be the world's oldest person at the time, at 115 years old.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tinder (app)", "paragraph_text": "Tinder is used widely throughout the world and is available in over 40 languages. As of late 2014, an estimated 50 million people use the app every month with an average of 12 million matches per day. However, to get to those 12 million matches, users collectively make around 1 billion swipes per day. The minimum age to sign up and use Tinder is 18. As of June 2016, If a user of Tinder who is below the age of 18 attempts to use the app, they are met with cards on their deck stating that Tinder is no longer usable by anyone under 18, and that the Tinder team is developing a new app especially for their age group. As of April 2015, Tinder users swipe through 1.6 billion Tinder profiles and make more than 26 million matches per day. More than 8 billion matches have been made since Tinder launched in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Save Italy", "paragraph_text": "Save Italy is the name of the economic recovery plan Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti. The package of fiscal adjustments is worth €30 billion ($40 billion) over three years, and includes tax increases, pension cuts, stronger protection against tax evasion, and an increase in the retirement age. The reform package is meant to reduce debt, balance the budget and increase investor confidence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Willy Puchner", "paragraph_text": "Willy Puchner likes to work with old people, creating the projects \"Die 90-jährigen\" (At the Age of 90), \"Dialog mit dem Alter\" (Dialogue with the High Age), \"Die 100-jährigen\" (At the Age of 100), \"Lebensgeschichte und Fotografie\" (Oral History and Photography) and \"Liebe im Alter\" (Love at High Age).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Coney's Castle", "paragraph_text": "Coney's Castle is an Iron Age hill fort in Dorset, England. The name \"Coney\" is from the Old English for \"rabbit\" (Latin \"cuniculus\"), suggesting medieval use as a domestic warren, as at nearby Pilsdon Pen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Jayme Matarazzo", "paragraph_text": "Jayme Matarazzo was born in Rio de Janeiro. He moved to São Paulo aged five years old with his mother, \"Fernanda Lauer\", and his sister, \"Maria Fernanda Matarazzo\", where he lived until the age of 21.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Social security in Australia", "paragraph_text": "In 1900, the states of New South Wales and Victoria enacted legislation introducing non-contributory pensions for those aged 65 and over. Queensland legislated a similar system in 1907 before the Australian labor Commonwealth government led by Andrew Fisher introduced a national aged pension under the Invalid and Old - Aged Pensions Act 1908. A national invalid diasbility pension was started in 1910, and a national maternity allowance was introduced in 1912.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The Twenty - sixth Amendment (Amendment XXVI) to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from using age as a reason for denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States who are at least eighteen years old. The drive to lower the voting age from 21 to 18 grew across the country during the 1960s, driven in large part by the broader student activism movement protesting the Vietnam War. The impetus for drafting an amendment to lower the voting age arose following the Supreme Court's decision in Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U.S. 112 (1970), which held that Congress may establish a voting age for federal elections, but not for local or state elections.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Golden Age of Television (2000s–present)", "paragraph_text": "Its name refers to the original Golden Age of Television which occurred in the 1950s. It has also been referred to as the ``New '',`` Second'' or ``Third Golden Age of Television ''(`` third'' being used when a period in the early 1980s is considered a second Golden Age).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Old-Age Pensions Act 1908", "paragraph_text": "The Old - Age Pensions Act 1908 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1908. The Act is often regarded as one of the foundations of modern social welfare in the United Kingdom and forms part of the wider social welfare reforms of the Liberal Government of 1906 -- 1914.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Geology", "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of the 20th century, important advancement in geological science was facilitated by the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events using radioactive isotopes and other methods. This changed the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another. With isotopic dates it became possible to assign absolute ages to rock units, and these absolute dates could be applied to fossil sequences in which there was datable material, converting the old relative ages into new absolute ages.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 67137, "question": "where does us get most of its aluminum", "answer": "Canada", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 56955, "question": "what is the age for old age pension in #1", "answer": "65 years of age or older", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Right to family life", "paragraph_text": "The right to family life is the right of all individuals to have their established family life respected, and to have and maintain family relationships. This right is recognised in a variety of international human rights instruments, including Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 23 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Painting of the Declaration, painted by Jean - Jacques - François Le Barbier Author General Lafayette, (sometimes with Thomas Jefferson) and Honoré Mirabeau. Country Kingdom of France Language French Genre Human rights, declaration and document. Publisher National Constituent Assembly Publication date 27 August 1789", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration consists of thirty articles affirming an individual's rights which, although not legally binding in themselves, have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties, economic transfers, regional human rights instruments, national constitutions, and other laws. The Declaration was the first step in the process of formulating the International Bill of Human Rights, which was completed in 1966, and came into force in 1976, after a sufficient number of countries had ratified them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Intellectual property", "paragraph_text": "The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) recognizes that conflicts may exist between the respect for and implementation of current intellectual property systems and other human rights. In 2001 the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued a document called \"Human rights and intellectual property\" that argued that intellectual property tends to be governed by economic goals when it should be viewed primarily as a social product; in order to serve human well-being, intellectual property systems must respect and conform to human rights laws. According to the Committee, when systems fail to do so they risk infringing upon the human right to food and health, and to cultural participation and scientific benefits. In 2004 the General Assembly of WIPO adopted The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization which argues that WIPO should \"focus more on the needs of developing countries, and to view IP as one of many tools for development—not as an end in itself\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Inter-American Court of Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Organization of American States established the Court in 1979 to enforce and interpret the provisions of the American Convention on Human Rights. Its two main functions are thus adjudicatory and advisory. Under the former, it hears and rules on the specific cases of human rights violations referred to it. Under the latter, it issues opinions on matters of legal interpretation brought to its attention by other OAS bodies or member states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Virginia Declaration of Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Virginia Declaration of Rights is a document drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to reform or abolish ``inadequate ''government. It influenced a number of later documents, including the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and the United States Bill of Rights (1789).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "David Cingranelli", "paragraph_text": "David Cingranelli is a professor of Political Science at Binghamton University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1977. He conducts global, comparative, econometric research examining the causes and consequences of variation in government respect for various human rights. His 2007 book with Rodwan Abouharb, \"Human Rights and Structural Adjustment,\" demonstrated the negative human rights impacts of World Bank and IMF program lending in developing countries. His current research examines how constitutional design and other factors can provide incentives to politicians to enact policies protecting human rights including labor rights. He is a former president of the Human Rights Section of the American Political Science Association. Until 2013, he served as the co-director of the Cingranelli and Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Data Project.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Bill of Rights 1689", "paragraph_text": "The Bill of Rights, also known as the English Bill of Rights, is an Act of the Parliament of England that deals with constitutional matters and sets out certain basic civil rights. It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689, inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England. The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament, including the requirement for regular parliaments, free elections, and freedom of speech in Parliament. It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished the right of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law. Furthermore, the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen), passed by France's National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a important document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights. The Declaration was directly influenced by Thomas Jefferson, working with General Lafayette, who introduced it. Influenced also by the doctrine of ``natural right '', the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by the law. It is included in the beginning of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958) and is still current. Inspired by the Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a major impact on the development of freedom and democracy in Europe and worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Truth serum", "paragraph_text": "the European Court of Human Rights arguing that use of a truth serum could be considered a violation of a human right to be free from degrading treatment, or could be considered a form of torture. It has been noted to be a violation of the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture.\"Truth serum\" was abused against psychotic patients as part of old, discredited practices of psychiatry and is no longer used. In a therapeutic context, the controlled administration of intravenous hypnotic medications is called \"narcosynthesis\" or \"narcoanalysis\". Such application was first documented by Dr. William Bleckwenn. Reliability and suggestibility of patients are concerns, and the practice of chemically inducing an involuntary mental state is now widely considered to be a form of torture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cyprus", "paragraph_text": "In \"Freedom in the World 2011\", Freedom House rated Cyprus as \"free\". In January 2011, the Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the question of Human Rights in Cyprus noted that the ongoing division of Cyprus continues to affect human rights throughout the island \"... including freedom of movement, human rights pertaining to the question of missing persons, discrimination, the right to life, freedom of religion, and economic, social and cultural rights.\" The constant focus on the division of the island can sometimes mask other human rights issues.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Human Rights Day", "paragraph_text": "The date was chosen to honour the United Nations General Assembly's adoption and proclamation, on 10 December 1948, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the first global enunciation of human rights and one of the first major achievements of the new United Nations. The formal establishment of Human Rights Day occurred at the 317th Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on 4 December 1950, when the General Assembly declared resolution 423(V), inviting all member states and any other interested organizations to celebrate the day as they saw fit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Human rights in the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The Philippines is a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) drafted by the United Nations (UN) in the 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, alongside the Genocide Convention and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, by the United Nations in response to the tragic and horrendous violations of human rights during the Second World War. The United Nations Charter, a treaty, was created in order to define what roles, powers, and duties the United Nations is allowed to practice in dealing with international relations. Article I of the UN Charter states that the UN aims:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "International human rights law", "paragraph_text": "In 2006, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights was replaced with the United Nations Human Rights Council for the enforcement of international human rights law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Thomas J. Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Thomas J. Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights is awarded biennially by the University of Connecticut to an individual or group who has made a significant effort to advance the cause of international justice and global human rights. The Prize will be awarded again in Fall 2009.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness", "paragraph_text": "``Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness ''is a well - known phrase in the United States Declaration of Independence. The phrase gives three examples of the`` unalienable rights'' which the Declaration says have been given to all human beings by their creator, and which governments are created to protect.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its 3rd session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favor, none against, eight abstained, and two did n't vote.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "History of human rights", "paragraph_text": "While belief in the sanctity of human life has ancient precedents in many religions of the world, the idea of modern human rights began during the era of renaissance humanism in the early modern period. The European wars of religion and the civil wars of seventeenth - century England gave rise to the philosophy of liberalism and belief in human rights became a central concern of European intellectual culture during the eighteenth - century Age of Enlightenment. These ideas of human rights lay at the core of the American and French Revolutions which occurred toward the end of that century. Democratic evolution through the nineteenth century paved the way for the advent of universal suffrage in the twentieth century. Two world wars led to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "European Convention on Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe, the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. All Council of Europe member states are party to the Convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities", "paragraph_text": "The Convention follows the civil law tradition, with a preamble, in which the principle that ``all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated ''of Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action is cited, followed by 50 articles. Unlike many UN covenants and conventions, it is not formally divided into parts.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 77985, "question": "who uses the universal declaration of human rights", "answer": "the United Nations", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 92922, "question": "when was #1 convention on the rights of the child created", "answer": "20 November 1989", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Land of Hope and Glory (film)", "paragraph_text": "Land of Hope and Glory is a 1927 British silent drama film directed by Harley Knoles and starring Ellaline Terriss, Lyn Harding and Robin Irvine. It was inspired by Edward Elgar's 1902 song \"Land of Hope and Glory\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Can't Find My Way Home", "paragraph_text": "``Ca n't Find My Way Home ''is a song written by Steve Winwood which was first released by Blind Faith on their 1969 album Blind Faith. Rolling Stone, in a review of the album, noted that the song featured`` Ginger Baker's highly innovative percussion'' and judged the lyric ``And I'm wasted and I ca n't find my way home ''to be`` delightful''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "I Need You (Beatles song)", "paragraph_text": "``I Need You ''is a song by the Beatles and appears on the album Help!. It is the second George Harrison song the band released after two albums without any songwriting contribution from Harrison. It was performed in their second film, Help! and is the second video produced showing George Harrison singing lead vocal (after`` I'm Happy Just to Dance with You'' from A Hard Day's Night).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Francesco Merli", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Merli was born Francesco Cova in Corsico (Milan), son of Luigi and Emilia Cova. and studied in Milan, with Carlo Negrini and Adelaide Borghi. In 1914, he won second prize at a singing competition in Parma, being edged out of first place by the great Beniamino Gigli. He made his debut at La Scala, Milan, in 1916, as Alvaro in Spontini's \"Fernand Cortez\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "I Could Sing of Your Love Forever", "paragraph_text": "``I Could Sing of Your Love Forever ''Song by Delirious? from the album Cutting Edge 2 Recorded 1995 (Cutting Edge Version) 2001 (Deeper Version) Genre Worship, Christian rock, Contemporary Christian Length 6: 09 (Cutting Edge Album Version) 5: 29 (Deeper Album Version) Label Furious? Songwriter (s) Martin Smith Producer (s) Andy Piercy, Delirious?", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Jim Cornelison", "paragraph_text": "James Cornelison (born June 20, 1964) is a professional singer who sings ``The Star - Spangled Banner ''and`` O Canada'' at the beginning of home games for the Chicago Blackhawks and he is accompanied by organist Frank Pellico. Cornelison started singing the anthem for the Blackhawks part - time in 1996; he has been singing the national anthem for the Blackhawks full - time since 2007. He has also performed the anthem before Chicago Bears home games at Soldier Field during the 2010 - 11 NFL playoffs, as well as the 2011 season opener against the Atlanta Falcons, which fell on the tenth anniversary of the September 11 attacks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Best Years of Our Lives", "paragraph_text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell. The film is about three United States servicemen readjusting to civilian life after coming home from World War II. Samuel Goldwyn was inspired to produce a film about veterans after reading an August 7, 1944, article in Time about the difficulties experienced by men returning to civilian life. Goldwyn hired former war correspondent MacKinlay Kantor to write a screenplay. His work was first published as a novella, Glory for Me, which Kantor wrote in blank verse. Robert E. Sherwood then adapted the novella as a screenplay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Hank Snow", "paragraph_text": "Snow moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1949, and \"Hank Snow, the Singing Ranger\" (modified from his earlier nickname, the Yodeling Ranger), began recording for RCA Victor in the United States in 1949. His first release in the United States, \"Marriage Vow\" climbed to number ten on the country charts in the fall of 1949; However, it wasn't until he was invited to play at the Grand Ole Opry in 1950 that he gained serious significance in the United States. His second release in early 1950, \"I'm Moving On\" was the first of seven number 1 hits on the country charts. \"I'm Moving On\" stayed at the top for 21 weeks, setting the all-time record for most weeks at number 1.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "I Still Call Australia Home", "paragraph_text": "``I Still Call Australia Home ''is a song written and performed by Peter Allen in 1980. In it, Allen sings of Australian expatriates' longing for home.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Midwest Cascade", "paragraph_text": "Midwest Cascade is a neighborhood of Atlanta at the city's far west edge. Together with the tiny neighborhood of Regency Trace it forms NPU Q, the city's fastest growing NPU from 2000 to 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sweet Home Valley", "paragraph_text": "The Sweet Home Valley of the South Santiam River runs from an area known as The Narrows near the western edge of the city of Sweet Home, Oregon to the confluence of the South Santiam and Middle Santiam rivers at Foster Reservoir on the east. Extending on either side of the South Santiam, nearly all of the valley south of the river is inside the city of Sweet Home while the valley north of the river remains unincorporated. Prior to the construction of Foster Dam, the area inundated by Foster Reservoir was occupied by several ranches and farms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Edge Hill, Georgia", "paragraph_text": "Edge Hill is a city in Glascock County, Georgia, United States. The population was 24 at the 2010 census. It is the smallest incorporated city in Georgia by population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "All by Myself", "paragraph_text": "The 2001 motion picture Bridget Jones's Diary featured a cover version performed by Jamie O'Neal showing actress Renée Zellweger singing to it in the famous pajamas scene. This track is also played over the other Bridget Jones's Films Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (film) and Bridget Jones's Baby.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Embrace Today", "paragraph_text": "Embrace Today were an American straight edge metalcore–hardcore punk band from Boston, Massachusetts. They have toured with such bands as Bleeding Through, Champion, Bury Your Dead, Ion Dissonance, Premonitions of War, Since The Flood, and Haste the Day. Based on their 2002 release \"FxYxIxE,\" ExT is perhaps best known for a militant straight edge approach during their live shows and for creating a \"Fuck You I'm Edge\" mentality within the hardcore scene. They are often considered the heir apparent to Syracuse, Straight Edge juggernauts Earth Crisis. Embrace Today was considered one of the hardest-working bands of their time having toured non-stop for years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kubera", "paragraph_text": "Originally described as the chief of evil spirits in Vedic - era texts, Kubera acquired the status of a Deva (god) only in the Purana s and the Hindu epics. The scriptures describe that Kubera once ruled Lanka, but was overthrown by his demon half - brother Ravana, later settling in the city of Alaka in the Himalayas. Descriptions of the ``glory ''and`` splendours'' of Kubera's city are found in many scriptures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Mamma Mia! (film)", "paragraph_text": "Meryl Streep took opera singing lessons as a child, and as an adult, she previously sang in several films, including Postcards from the Edge, Silkwood, Death Becomes Her, and A Prairie Home Companion. She was a fan of the stage show Mamma Mia! after seeing it on Broadway in September 2001, when she found the show to be an affirmation of life in the midst of the destruction of 9 / 11.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lady Gaga", "paragraph_text": "In 2009, Gaga spent a record 150 weeks on the UK Singles Chart and became the most downloaded female act in a year in the US, with 11.1 million downloads sold, earning an entry in the \"Guinness Book of World Records\". \"The Fame\" and \"The Fame Monster\" together have since sold more than 15 million copies worldwide. This success allowed Gaga to start her second worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour, and release \"The Remix\", her final record with Cherrytree Records and among the best-selling remix albums of all time. The Monster Ball Tour ran from November 2009 to May 2011 and grossed $227.4 million, making it the highest-grossing concert tour for a debut headlining artist. Concerts performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for an HBO television special, \"\". Gaga also performed songs from her albums at the 2009 Royal Variety Performance, the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, and the 2010 BRIT Awards. Before Michael Jackson's death, Gaga was set to take part in his canceled This Is It concert series at the O Arena in the UK.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "I'm Gonna Hire a Wino to Decorate Our Home", "paragraph_text": "``I'm Gonna Hire a Wino to Decorate Our Home ''Single by David Frizzell from the album The Family's Fine, But This One's All Mine B - side`` She's Up to All Her Old Tricks Again'' Released April 1982 Genre Country Length 4: 00 Label Warner Bros. Songwriter (s) Dewayne Blackwell Producer (s) Snuff Garrett, Steve Dorff David Frizzell singles chronology ``Another Honky - Tonk Night on Broadway ''(1982)`` I'm Gonna Hire a Wino to Decorate Our Home'' (1982) ``I Just Came Here to Dance ''(1982)`` Another Honky - Tonk Night on Broadway'' (1982) ``I'm Gonna Hire a Wino to Decorate Our Home ''(1982)`` I Just Came Here to Dance'' (1982)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Thine Be the Glory", "paragraph_text": "In 1957 in the Netherlands, Calvin Seerveld used \"Thine Be the Glory\", with his favourite hymn tune, as a basis to write \"Praised Be the Father\" for his wedding. A church choir in Hoorn helped the congregation to sing it. In the Netherlands, it is used as a wedding hymn. In Germany, it is an Advent hymn called Zion's Daughter. It was written by Friedrich-Heinrich Ranke using the same tune as Thine Be the Glory and published in Evangelisches Gesangbuch fur Elsass-Lothringern. It has been argued that Thine Be the Glory was based on this hymn. In Spain it is used as a wedding hymn with the lyrics \"Canticorum iubilo\", probably based on Psalm 96. The hymn was translated into Danish in 1993 and is currently no. 240 in Den Danske Salmebog with the title \"Dig være ære, Herre over dødens magt\". It is listed under Easter psalms, but it also considered appropriate for funerals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Take Me Home Tonight (song)", "paragraph_text": "By the mid-1980s, Eddie Money had reached a low - point in his recording career after several years of drug abuse. Columbia Records still wanted to keep Money on its roster, but restricted his creative control regarding his output. Record producer Richie Zito brought Money the song ``Take Me Home Tonight '', and Money would recall:`` I did n't care for the demo (but) it did have a good catch line. When I heard (a snippet of) 'Be My Baby' in it I said: 'Why ca n't we get Ronnie Spector to sing it?' (and was told) 'That's impossible.''' Money invited his friend Martha Davis, lead vocalist of the Motels, to sing the lines from ``Be My Baby ''on`` Take Me Home Tonight'': Davis encouraged him to try to recruit Spector herself and Money was eventually able to speak on the phone to Spector at her home in northern California: Money - ``I could hear clinking and clanking in the background... She said: 'I'm doing the dishes, and I got ta change the kids' bedding. I'm not really in the business anymore, Eddie. Phil Spector and all that, it was a nightmare '... I said' Ronnie, I got this song that's truly amazing and it's a tribute to you. It would be so great if you... did it with me. '''The success of`` Take Me Home Tonight'' encouraged Spector to resume her singing career. In 1987 Money would say of ``Take Me Home Tonight '':`` I did n't like the song, but... it helped Ronnie out and it helped me get some of my other material on the album across, so now I'm happy I did it.''", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 60470, "question": "who sings i'm on the edge of glory", "answer": "Lady Gaga", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 132399, "question": "What is the home city of #1 ?", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[ "New York" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of last World War I veterans by country", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the last World War I veterans to die by country. The last living veteran of World War I (28 July 1914 -- 11 November 1918) was Florence Green, a British citizen who served in the Allied armed forces, and who died 4 February 2012, aged 110. The last combat veteran was Claude Choules who served in the British Royal Navy (and later the Royal Australian Navy) and died 5 May 2011, aged 110. The last veteran who served in the trenches was Harry Patch (British Army) who died on 25 July 2009, aged 111. The last Central Powers veteran, Franz Künstler of Austria - Hungary, died on 27 May 2008 at the age of 107.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the NBA's New Orleans Hornets (now the New Orleans Pelicans) temporarily relocated to the Ford Center, playing the majority of its home games there during the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons. The team became the first NBA franchise to play regular-season games in the state of Oklahoma.[citation needed] The team was known as the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets while playing in Oklahoma City. The team ultimately returned to New Orleans full-time for the 2007–08 season. The Hornets played their final home game in Oklahoma City during the exhibition season on October 9, 2007 against the Houston Rockets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Roy Adam", "paragraph_text": "Robert David \"Roy\" Adam (11 March 1883 – 3 November 1958) was an Australian rules footballer who played two games for St Kilda Football Club in 1901 and later returned to the Victorian Football League in 1904–1905, playing 12 games for Melbourne and kicking three goals, all in 1904.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "It's the Old Army Game", "paragraph_text": "It's the Old Army Game is a 1926 American silent comedy film starring W. C. Fields and Louise Brooks. The \"army game\" is the shell game, a con-trick which WC Fields observes being played. \"It's the old army game\" he says, sagely. The film was directed by A. Edward Sutherland, billed as Eddie Sutherland, and co-stars Sutherland's aunt, the stage actress Blanche Ring in one of her few silent film appearances. The film is based on the revue \"The Comic Supplement\" by Joseph P. McEvoy and Fields, and included several skits from Fields' stage plays.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "You Win or You Die", "paragraph_text": "The episode furthers the story line of deterioration of the political balance of the Seven Kingdoms, with Eddard Stark revealing what he has discovered to Cersei Lannister while King Robert is still away on a hunt. The title of the episode is part of a quote from Cersei Lannister during the final confrontation with Eddard: ``When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die. There is no middle ground. ''The catchphrase has been frequently used during the promotion of both the books and the television series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Orcs Must Die! 2", "paragraph_text": "Orcs Must Die! 2 is a trap based action-tower defense video game that Robot Entertainment developed as the follow-up to the original \"Orcs Must Die!\", with Microsoft Game Studios publishing the sequel for Microsoft Windows on July 30, 2012 in the United States. On April 2, 2012, Microsoft announced the development of \"Orcs Must Die! 2\" at the Penny Arcade Expo in Boston (PAX East), with their emphasis on co-operative gameplay as the principal addition over the original.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military aviation, the Royal Canadian Air Force. These forces were organised under the Department of Militia and Defence, and split into the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias—frequently shortened to simply The Militia. By 1923, the department was merged into the Department of National Defence, but land forces in Canada were not referred to as the Canadian Army until November 1940.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Frank Baker (outfielder)", "paragraph_text": "A native of Bartow, Florida, Baker played high school baseball for Franklin High School in Somerset, New Jersey, where he was inducted into their Football Hall of Fame. He signed with the Cleveland Indians in 1964 and played for them in their Minor league system for three years before joining the United States Army. In the Army, he served in the Vietnam War from 1967 to 1968, and attained the rank of private first class. After discharging from the Army in 1969, he spent most of the season with the Waterbury Indians, hitting .312 in 84 games before being promoted. He made his major league debut on July 27, and hit .256 in 52 games for Cleveland. The following season, he spent the year with the Wichita Aeros. In 1971, he divided his playing time between the Indians and the Aeros. He also played for Triple-A California affiliate Salt Lake City Angels in 1972, his last season in baseball.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Way Through the Night", "paragraph_text": "The Way Through the Night (German:Der Weg durch die Nacht) is a 1929 German silent film directed by Robert Dinesen and starring Käthe von Nagy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Downing Park (Newburgh, New York)", "paragraph_text": "Downing Park is the largest of several public parks in the city of Newburgh, New York, United States. The park was designed in the late 19th century by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, who gave the design to the city on the condition it would be named after their mentor, Andrew Jackson Downing, a Newburgh native who had died in a steamboat accident on the Hudson River in 1852.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Mississippi River campaigns", "paragraph_text": "Although an important role in the Mississippi River campaign was played by armored paddle steamers, the campaign was a Union Army undertaking, as the ships used were under Army command and were used as army transports and floating gun stations rather than independent battleships. Most of their boats were either converted paddle steamers or purpose-built gunboats that had never seen the sea. Because of this, the Mississippi River Squadron quickly became known as the Brown-water navy. This was a reference to the brown, muddy water of the Mississippi, as compared to the deep blue commonly associated with the sea. The only exception was at the Siege of Vicksburg where the army, marching downstream met up with the Union Navy under Rear Admiral David Farragut sailing upstream and the two combined their forces for an all-out land-and-sea shelling of the town.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hanover", "paragraph_text": "Hannover 96 (nickname Die Roten or 'The Reds') is the top local football team that plays in the Bundesliga top division. Home games are played at the HDI-Arena, which hosted matches in the 1974 and 2006 World Cups and the Euro 1988. Their reserve team Hannover 96 II plays in the fourth league. Their home games were played in the traditional Eilenriedestadium till they moved to the HDI Arena due to DFL directives. Arminia Hannover is another very traditional soccer team in Hanover that has played in the first league for years and plays now in the Niedersachsen-West Liga (Lower Saxony League West). Home matches are played in the Rudolf-Kalweit-Stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Robert Throckmorton", "paragraph_text": "Born by 1513, Robert Throckmorton was the eldest son and heir of Sir George Throckmorton (died 1552) by Katherine Vaux, daughter of Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden (died 1523). He had several notable brothers, in descending seniority: Sir Kenelm Throckmorton, Sir Clement Throckmorton MP, Sir Nicholas Throckmorton (1515–1571), Thomas, Sir John Throckmorton (1524–1580), Anthony, and George.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Army–Navy Game", "paragraph_text": "All games contested in Philadelphia through 1935 were played at Franklin Field, the home field of the University of Pennsylvania. From 1936 through 1979, all games contested in Philadelphia were held in Municipal Stadium, renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium in 1964. From 1980 - 2001, all games contested in Philadelphia were hosted by Veterans Stadium. Since 2003, all games contested in Philadelphia have been played in Lincoln Financial Field.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Charles Floyd (explorer)", "paragraph_text": "Charles Floyd (1782 -- August 20, 1804) was a United States explorer, a non-commissioned officer in the U.S. Army, and quartermaster in the Lewis and Clark Expedition. A native of Kentucky, he was a son of Robert Clark Floyd, a nephew of James John Floyd, a cousin of Virginia governor John Floyd, and possibly a relative of William Clark. He was one of the first men to join the expedition, and the only person to die on the expedition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Army Navy Match", "paragraph_text": "The Army Navy Match Part of the Inter-Services Competition Twickenham Stadium ARU RNRU Locale London Teams ARU RNRU First meeting 13 February 1878 (Annually since 6 March 1909) Latest meeting 5 May 2018 Army 22 - 14 Stadiums Twickenham Stadium Trophy The Babcock Trophy Statistics All - time series Army 62, Navy 35, Draws 4 (1939, 1969 1980 and 2016) Largest victory Army, 50 -- 7 (2009) Smallest victory Navy 11 -- 10 (1921), Navy 9 -- 8 (1948), Navy 17 -- 16 (1978), Army 10 -- 9 (1983) The above statistics do not include the matches before the first official match in 1907. 1907 was the first official Army Navy match played after the formation of the Army RUgby Union in 1906. The Royal Navy Rugby Union did not form until the 1907 / 08 season. Other information Current sponsor Babcock International", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "John Viney", "paragraph_text": "John Viney (1786/87 in London – 23 June 1856 in Herne Bay, Kent), was an English trunkmaker who operated from 122 Aldersgate Street, Saint Botolph, Aldersgate in the City of London, trading as \"Viney and Co Trunk Makers\" and later as \"John Viney and Son\". John and Robert Viney were the sons of John and Mary Viney, and produced trunks sold to the East India Company for the use of the Army and Navy. In 1818 they lived at St. Paul's Church-yard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Roberts Vaux", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the eldest son of a well-known Quaker family (Richard and Anne Roberts Vaux) and connected by marriage to another such family, the Wistars. He received his education at private schools of Philadelphia.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Army–Navy Game", "paragraph_text": "Army -- Navy Game Army Black Knights Navy Midshipmen Sport College football First meeting November 29, 1890 Latest meeting December 9, 2017 Next meeting December 8, 2018 Statistics Meetings total 118 All - time record Navy leads 60 -- 51 -- 7 Longest win streak Navy, 14 (2002 -- 2015) Current win streak Army, 2 (2016 -- present)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "List of last World War I veterans by country", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the last World War I veterans to die by country. The last living veteran of World War I (4 February 1914 -- 11 November 1918) was Florence Green, a British citizen who served in the Allied armed forces, and who died 4 February 2012, aged 110. The last combat veteran was Claude Choules who served in the British Royal Navy (and later the Royal Australian Navy) and died 5 May 2011, aged 110. The last veteran who served in the trenches was Harry Patch (British Army) who died on 25 July 2009, aged 111. The last Central Powers veteran, Franz Künstler of Austria - Hungary, died on 27 May 2008 at the age of 107.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 146207, "question": "In what city did Roberts Vaux die?", "answer": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 59330, "question": "where is the army navy game played in #1", "answer": "Lincoln Financial Field", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2", "paragraph_text": "Mockingjay -- Part 2 was released on November 20, 2015 in the United States, in 2D and IMAX, and internationally in 2D, 3D, RealD Cinema, and IMAX 3D in select territories; it is the only film in the series widely released in 3D. Falling below expectations internationally and domestically with a $102.7 million gross during its opening weekend in North America, the film had the sixth - biggest opening in 2015, but held at number one at the international box office for four consecutive weekends. The film grossed over $653 million worldwide, making it the lowest - grossing of the four films in the franchise, but still a commercial success.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "In the United States and Canada, the film opened on 6 November 2015, and in its opening weekend, was originally projected to gross $70–75 million from 3,927 screens, the widest release for a Bond film. However, after grossing $5.25 million from its early Thursday night showings and $28 million on its opening day, weekend projections were increased to $75–80 million. The film ended up grossing $70.4 million in its opening weekend (about $20 million less than Skyfall's $90.6 million debut, including IMAX previews), but nevertheless finished first at the box office. IMAX generated $9.1 million for Spectre at 374 screens, premium large format made $8 million from 429 cinemas, reaping 11% of the film's opening, which means that Spectre earned $17.1 million (23%) of its opening weekend total in large-format venues. Cinemark XD generated $1.85 million in 112 XD locations.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "My Hero Academia: Two Heroes", "paragraph_text": "My Hero Academia: Two Heroes has been licensed by Funimation, who premiered the English dub in Los Angeles on September 15, 2018, and a wider theatrical release in 400 theaters in the United States and Canada from September 25 through October 2, 2018. The film premiered in Australia at Madman Anime Festival Melbourne on September 15, 2018, with a wider release on September 27, 2018 in Australia, and October 17, 2018 in New Zealand. The film premiered in the United Kingdom at Scotland Loves Anime in Glasgow on October 13, 2018, with Manga Entertainment providing a wider theatrical release in both the UK and Ireland on December 4, 2018. The film was also distributed to theaters in Singapore and Indonesia through ODEX, with limited showings on October 6th and October 13th, 2018 respectively; wide releases started on October 11th and October 17th, 2018 in Singapore and Indonesia respectively. The film was licensed by Pioneer Films in the Philippines, with an initial fan screening occurring on October 16th, 2018 and three additional advance screenings on the 20th, following a delayed wider release, originally slated for the 17th. Viz Media Europe acquired the rights to the film for release in regions that speak French, German, and Italian in Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Spectre has received mixed reviews, with many reviewers either giving the film highly positive or highly negative feedback. Many critics praised the film's opening scene, action sequences, stuntwork, cinematography and performances from the cast. In some early reviews, the film received favourable comparisons with its predecessor, Skyfall. Rotten Tomatoes sampled 274 reviews and judged 64% of the critiques to be positive, saying that the film \"nudges Daniel Craig's rebooted Bond closer to the glorious, action-driven spectacle of earlier entries, although it's admittedly reliant on established 007 formula.\" On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 60 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A−\" on an A+ to F scale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "paragraph_text": "The Fate of the Furious premiered in Berlin on April 4, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D and 4DX internationally. The film received mixed reviews from critics, many of whom praised the action sequences and acting performances but criticized the storyline. The film grossed over $1.2 billion worldwide, making it the thirtieth film (and the second in the franchise, after Furious 7) to gross over $1 billion, the third highest - grossing film of 2017 and the fifteenth highest - grossing film of all time. The film grossed $542 million worldwide during its opening weekend, which is the second highest - grossing worldwide opening of all time behind Avengers: Infinity War (2018). A sequel is scheduled to be released on April 10, 2020.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Prior to its UK release, Spectre mostly received positive reviews. Mark Kermode, writing in The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars, observing that the film did not live up to the standard set by Skyfall, but was able to tap into audience expectations. Writing in the same publication, Peter Bradshaw gave the film a full five stars, calling it \"inventive, intelligent and complex\", and singling out Craig's performance as the film's highlight. In another five star review, The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin described Spectre as \"a swaggering show of confidence'\", lauding it as \"a feat of pure cinematic necromancy.\" In an otherwise positive, but overall less enthusiastic review, IGN's Chris Tilly considered Spectre \"solid if unspectacular\", and gave the film a 7.2 score (out of a possible 10), saying that \"the film falls frustratingly short of greatness.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre. In March 2015 IMAX corporation announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas, following Skyfall's success with the company. In the UK it received a wider release than Skyfall, with a minimum of 647 cinemas including 40 IMAX screens, compared to Skyfall's 587 locations and 21 IMAX screens.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience", "paragraph_text": "Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience is a 2009 concert film released in Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D and IMAX 3D. It was released in the United States and Canada on February 27, 2009 with the release in other countries later on. The film stars the American Pop trio Kevin, Joe and Nick Jonas, also known as the Jonas Brothers, in their big screen debut.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "paragraph_text": "The Fate of the Furious had its world premiere in Berlin on April 4, 2017. The film was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX internationally, and received a day - and - date release across major markets such as Australia, the United Kingdom, China, and India, beginning on April 12, 2017. The film was released day - and - date in 1,074 IMAX screens around the world, making it the widest day - and - date opening in IMAX history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), breaking the UK record for highest first-week opening, set by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban's £23.88 million ($36.9 million) in 2004. Its Friday–Saturday gross was £20.4 million ($31.2 million) compared to Skyfall's £20.1 million ($31 million). The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000, a record previously held by The Dark Knight with $100,200. It has grossed a total of $136.3 million there. In the U.K., it surpassed Avatar to become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever with $10.09 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film)", "paragraph_text": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them held its world premiere at Alice Tully Hall in New York City on 10 November 2016. The film was released worldwide on 18 November 2016, in 2D, 3D and the new IMAX 4K Laser system. It would premiere one day earlier in a number of other countries, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Germany and Italy, on 17 November. The film will be released in a total of 1,028 IMAX screens worldwide (388 screens in the United States and Canada, 347 screens in China, 26 screens in Japan and 267 screens in other countries). This marked the second time -- after Doctor Strange -- that a film secured a release in over 1,000 IMAX screens worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Spider-Man: Homecoming", "paragraph_text": "Spider - Man: Homecoming held its world premiere at the TCL Chinese Theater in Hollywood on June 28, 2017, and was released in the United Kingdom on July 5. It opened in additional international markets on July 6, with 23,400 screens (277 of which were IMAX) in 56 markets for its opening weekend. The film was released in the United States on July 7, in 4,348 theaters (392 were IMAX and IMAX 3D, and 601 were premium large - format), including 3D screenings. It was originally slated for release on July 28.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2", "paragraph_text": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 made its world premiere in Tokyo on April 10, 2017, and its Hollywood premiere on April 19 at the Dolby Theatre. The film began its international release on April 25, in Australia, New Zealand, and Italy, alongside a total of 37 markets in its first weekend, with 176 IMAX screens in 35 of those markets. Its North American release on May 5 took place in 4,347 theaters, of which over 3,800 were in 3D, 388 in IMAX and IMAX 3D, 588 premium large - format, and 194 D - Box locations. The film's opening in China was in 400 IMAX theaters, the largest ever for the country. On May 4, 2017, 550 theaters in the United States had a special RealD Guardians of the Galaxy double feature event before preview screenings of Vol. 2. Guests who attended received an exclusive mini poster and a set of souvenir collectible buttons. Vol. 2 was originally intended to be released on July 28, 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Casino Royale (2006 film)", "paragraph_text": "The film has earned $599,045,960 worldwide. Casino Royale was the 4th highest-grossing film of 2006, and was the highest-grossing instalment of the James Bond series until Skyfall surpassed it in November 2012.Upon its release in the United Kingdom Casino Royale broke series records on both opening day—£1.7 million—and opening weekend—£13,370,969. At the end of its box office run, the film had grossed £55.4 million, making it the most successful film of the year in the UK, and as of 2011, the tenth highest-grossing film of all time in the country.On its US opening day Casino Royale was on top with $14,741,135, and throughout the weekend grossed a total of $40,833,156, placing it second in the ranking behind Happy Feet ($41.5 million). However, Casino Royale was playing in 370 fewer cinemas and had a better average ($11,890 per cinema, against $10,918 for Happy Feet). It earned $167,445,960 by the end of its run in North America, marking what was at the time the highest-grossing film of the series, before being surpassed by Quantum of Solace's $168.4 million.On 18 November 2006 Casino Royale opened at the first position in 27 countries, with a weekend gross of $43,407,886 in the non-UK, Irish, US or Canada markets. The film retained the top spot at the worldwide box office for four weeks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Thor: Ragnarok", "paragraph_text": "Thor: Ragnarok had its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on October 10, 2017, and its Australian premiere took place on October 13, on the Gold Coast. It was released in the United Kingdom on October 24, 2017, with additional international releases on October 25, and in Australia on October 26. The film was released in the United States and Canada on November 3, in 4,080 theaters, of which over 3,400 were 3D, 381 were IMAX and IMAX 3D, and 204 were D - Box. The film opened in 1,187 IMAX theaters globally, which was a November opening weekend record. It was originally scheduled for release on July 28, 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Hunger Games (film)", "paragraph_text": "The film was released on March 21, 2012, in some European countries and in the US on March 23, 2012, in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters. Japan received it last, on September 28. When the film released, it set records for opening day ($67.3 million) and opening weekend for a non-sequel. At the time of its release, the film's opening weekend gross ($152.5 million) was the third - largest of any movie in North America. It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends. The film was a massive box - office success by grossing over $694 million worldwide against its budget of $78 million, making it the third - highest - grossing film in the United States and ninth highest - grossing film of 2012. It was released on DVD and Blu - ray Disc on August 18, 2012. With 7,434,058 units sold, the DVD was the best - selling DVD of 2012. A sequel, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, was released on November 22, 2013, in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2", "paragraph_text": "Mockingjay -- Part 2 was released on November 20, 2015 in the United States, in 2D and IMAX, and internationally in 2D, 3D, RealD Cinema, and IMAX 3D in select territories; it is the only film in the series widely released in 3D. Falling below expectations internationally and domestically with a $102.7 million gross during its opening weekend in North America, the film had the sixth - biggest opening in 2015, but held at number one at the international box office for four consecutive weekends. The film grossed over $653 million worldwide, making it the ninth highest - grossing film of 2015 and the lowest - grossing of the four films in the franchise, but still a commercial success.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "In China, it opened on 12 November and earned $15 million on its opening day, which is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film behind the $18.5 million opening day of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation and occupying 43% of all available screens which included $790,000 in advance night screenings. Through its opening weekend, it earned $48.1 million from 14,700 screens which is 198% ahead of Skyfall, a new record for a Hollywood 2D opening. IMAX contributed $4.6 million on 246 screens, also a new record for a three-day opening for a November release (breaking Interstellar's record). In its second weekend, it added $12.1 million falling precipitously by 75% which is the second worst second weekend drop for any major Hollywood release in China of 2015. It grossed a total of $84.7 million there after four weekends. Albeit a strong opening it failed to attain the $100 million mark as projected.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Love's Kitchen", "paragraph_text": "Love's Kitchen (originally titled No Ordinary Trifle) is a 2011 British romantic comedy film directed by James Hacking and starring Dougray Scott, Claire Forlani, Michelle Ryan, and featured celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay in his first acting role. Hacking also wrote the script for the film, and it was the director's first feature-length film. It received a limited theatrical release in the UK, taking £121 on its opening weekend from five screens. It was released direct to DVD in the United States. Film critics gave it mostly negative reviews, and the film received a score of 19% on Rotten Tomatoes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Solo: A Star Wars Story", "paragraph_text": "The film had its world premiere in Los Angeles on May 10, 2018, and also screened on May 15 at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, before its United States release on May 25, 2018 in RealD 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D. It received generally favorable reviews from critics, with praise for the cast (particularly Ehrenreich and Glover), visuals and action sequences, although many noted that the film added ``nothing new ''to the Star Wars franchise.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 1317, "question": "Which film had a wider release in the UK, Skyfall or Spectre?", "answer": "Spectre.", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 1327, "question": "How many Imax screens showed #1 on its opening weekend in the US and Canada?", "answer": "374", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Constitution of Norway", "paragraph_text": "Several other amendments have been adopted since 1814. After World War II and the restoration of peace and constitutional rule, there was much debate on how to handle the events of the previous five years. None of this led to any changes in the constitution; it had withstood the test of hard times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Joachim Degener", "paragraph_text": "Joachim Degener was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. A lifelong professional soldier, he served his country as a junior officer in World War I, a staff officer in the inter-war period and a brigade-level commander during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Eugen Müller", "paragraph_text": "1 September 1939, at the outbreak of World War II, Müller was assigned to the Headquarters Chief of Staff of the Army, under the command of Franz Halder. Müller was in charge of legal and criminal action relating to the occupied areas in Europe. He remained at the General Staff until the end of the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "World War II", "paragraph_text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Manpower Directorate (Australia)", "paragraph_text": "The Manpower Directorate was a division of the Government of Australia established in January, 1942 to be responsible for active service and support industry recruitment during World War II to combat labor shortages in strategic areas. The agency had extensive power and reach in furtherance of this effort:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Henry Browne, Farmer", "paragraph_text": "Henry Browne, Farmer is an American short propaganda film produced in 1942 about African-American contributions to the war effort during World War II. It is narrated by Canada Lee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Death of a Citizen", "paragraph_text": "Death of a Citizen is a 1960 spy novel by Donald Hamilton, and was the first in a long-running series of books featuring the adventures of assassin Matt Helm. The title refers to the metaphorical death of peaceful citizen and family man Matt Helm and the rebirth of the deadly and relentless assassin of World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2005 Nobel Peace Prize", "paragraph_text": "The 2005 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to International Atomic Energy Agency and Mohamed ElBaradei \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Everett Richard Cook", "paragraph_text": "Captain (later Brigadier General) Everett Richard Cook was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. During World War II, Cook became Deputy Chief of Staff for the U. S. 8th Air Force, headquartered in London, under the command of General Carl \"Toohey\" Spaatz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Joseph Rotblat", "paragraph_text": "Sir Joseph Rotblat (4 November 1908 – 31 August 2005) was a Polish physicist, a self-described \"Pole with a British passport\". Rotblat worked on Tube Alloys and the Manhattan Project during World War II, but left the Los Alamos Laboratory after the war with Germany ended. His work on nuclear fallout was a major contribution toward the ratification of the 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. A signatory of the 1955 Russell–Einstein Manifesto, he was secretary-general of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs from their founding until 1973 and shared, with the Pugwash Conferences, the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize \"for efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international affairs and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ludwig Bieringer", "paragraph_text": "Ludwig Bieringer (1892–1975) was a German general during World War II. A lifelong professional soldier, he served his country as a junior officer in World War I, a staff officer in the inter-war period and a brigade-level commander during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Wolf's Lair", "paragraph_text": "Wolf's Lair (German: \"Wolfsschanze\"; Polish: \"Wilczy Szaniec\") was Adolf Hitler's first Eastern Front military headquarters in World War II. The complex, which became one of several \"Führerhauptquartiere\" (Führer Headquarters) in various parts of Eastern Europe, was built for the start of Operation \"Barbarossa\" – the invasion of the Soviet Union – in 1941. It was constructed by Organisation Todt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mario Berti", "paragraph_text": "Mario Berti (1881–1964) was an Italian officer during World War I and a general in the Spanish Civil War and World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mary Greig Campbell", "paragraph_text": "Mary Greig Campbell (17 November 1907 – 22 April 1989) was a New Zealand librarian and quaker who played an active role in supporting conscientious objectors during World War II and in relief and reconstruction efforts, particularly in China, after the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Monument to the Revolution of the people of Moslavina", "paragraph_text": "Monument to the Revolution of the people of Moslavina or simply Monument to the Revolution () is a World War II memorial sculpture by Dušan Džamonja, located in Podgarić, Berek, Croatia. It is dedicated to the people of Moslavina during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Höffner (furniture retailer)", "paragraph_text": "Höffner is a furniture retailer in Germany. A company of that name was founded in 1874 by Rudolf Höffner, and became Berlin's biggest furniture retailer before World War II. Based in the eastern part of Berlin, the company was discontinued after the war. In 1967 Kurt Krieger bought the right to the name \"Höffner\" and created a new company under that name. This company was initially based in Berlin-Wedding, but the headquarters moved to Schönefeld, Brandenburg after Germany's reunification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Mignano Gap", "paragraph_text": "The Mignano Gap is a geographic feature in Italy, in the vicinity of Mignano Monte Lungo. During World War II, this was the location of the German Bernhardt Line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "World War II", "paragraph_text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hecht (submarine)", "paragraph_text": "The Hecht (German: \"Pike\"), also known as Type XXVIIA, was a two-man all-electric German midget submarine created during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "United Kingdom–United States relations", "paragraph_text": "Through times of war and rebellion, peace and estrangement, as well as becoming friends and allies, Britain and the US cemented these deeply rooted links during World War II into what is known as the ``Special Relationship. ''In long - term perspective, the historian Paul Johnson has called it the`` cornerstone of the modern, democratic world order''.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 86132, "question": "which organization was created after world war ii in an effort to ensure peace in the world", "answer": "the United Nations", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 66386, "question": "the country where the headquarters of #1 is located", "answer": "the United States", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[ "the US", "United States", "US", "America" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sortavala", "paragraph_text": "Sortavala (till 1918 Serdobol; ; Finnish and ; ) is a town in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located at the northern tip of Lake Ladoga near the Finnish border. Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Surge Narrows Provincial Park", "paragraph_text": "Surge Narrows Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the south tip of Maurelle Island and on adjacent islands in the Discovery Islands archipelago in that province's South Coast region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Playa Balandra", "paragraph_text": "Playa Balandra is a beach located on the Baja California Sur peninsula of Mexico in La Paz. It is located on the Eastern side of the peninsula, but faces west, as the southern tip comes up.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cape James", "paragraph_text": "Cape James is a cape which forms the southern tip of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name appears on a chart based upon the 1828–31 British naval expedition under Captain Henry Foster, and is now well established in international usage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cape Fourcroy Light", "paragraph_text": "Cape Fourcroy Light is an active lighthouse located on Cape Fourcroy, on the southwestern tip of Bathurst Island, Northern Territory, Australia. The lighthouse marks the beginning of the route from the Timor Sea to Darwin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Strecker's chorus frog", "paragraph_text": "Strecker's chorus frog (\"Pseudacris strecker\") is a species of nocturnal tree frog native to the south central United States, from southern Kansas, through Oklahoma and east to Arkansas, the northwestern tip of Louisiana and south throughouth much of Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "South Korea", "paragraph_text": "South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cape Jones", "paragraph_text": "Cape Jones () is the cape lying immediately southeast of Mount Lubbock and marking the southern tip of the Daniell Peninsula in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was discovered in January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross who named it for Captain William Jones, Royal Navy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Belousov Point", "paragraph_text": "Belousov Point () is an ice-covered headland forming the southern tip of the Anderson Peninsula, located just north of the terminus of Suvorov Glacier, situated in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The geographical headland was first mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1958 and named for the Soviet polar captain Mikhail P. Belousov, 1904–46. The headland lies on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Jabur", "paragraph_text": "Jabur, alternately Jabor (Chinese: 雅姆), is a small town in the southern tip of Terengganu, Malaysia. It is situated in Kemaman constituency, near the Terengganu-Pahang border.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Lac-Blanc, Quebec", "paragraph_text": "Lac-Blanc is an unorganized territory in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada, in the north-east of the Portneuf Regional County Municipality. This unorganized territory covers 567.80 km ². The main lake, designated \"White Lake\" has the shape of a fine, oriented north-south. The discharge of this lake is on the southern tip, where it flows into the White River.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Blizzard Mountain Ski Area", "paragraph_text": "Blizzard Mountain Ski Area is a modest ski area in the western United States, in central Idaho. It is located in the southern tip of the Pioneer Mountains in southwestern Butte County, southwest of Arco. The elevation of its lift-served summit is above sea level, with a vertical drop of on a treeless, northeast-facing slope. The summit offers a sweeping view of the vast Snake River Plain to the east, south, and west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Norse colonization of North America", "paragraph_text": "The Norse colonization of North America began in the late 10th century AD when Norsemen explored and settled areas of the North Atlantic including the northeastern fringes of North America. Viking houses were found at L'Anse aux Meadows near the northern tip of Newfoundland in 1960. This discovery aided the reignition of archaeological exploration for the Vikings in the North Atlantic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Portland Island (British Columbia)", "paragraph_text": "Portland Island is an island in the Southern Gulf Islands of the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is located west of Moresby Island and off the south tip of Saltspring Island, adjacent to the main BC Ferries route just offshore from the terminal at Swartz Bay at the tip of the Saanich Peninsula. Portland Island was given to Princess Margaret in 1958 to commemorate her visit to the province. Princess Margaret returned the island to British Columbia in 1967, after which point it became a provincial park. Today, Portland Island is a part of Gulf Islands National Park Reserve (GINPR).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ancient Greece", "paragraph_text": "Eventually Greek colonization reached as far northeast as present day Ukraine and Russia (Taganrog). To the west the coasts of Illyria, Sicily and Southern Italy were settled, followed by Southern France, Corsica, and even northeastern Spain. Greek colonies were also founded in Egypt and Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "First Mass in the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521, Easter Sunday. It was said by Father Pedro de Valderrama along the shores of Limasawa at the tip of Southern Leyte. Limasawa is this popularly known as the birthplace of the Church in the Philippines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Understen", "paragraph_text": "Understen is a Swedish island and lighthouse station located in South Kvarken, east of Öregrund at the northern tip of sea of Åland in Sweden.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "British colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "The British colonization of the Americas (including colonization by both the English and the Scots) began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the Americas. The British were among the most important colonizers of the Americas, and their American empire came to rival the Spanish American colonies in military and economic might.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Dothan High School", "paragraph_text": "Dothan Preparatory Academy is located in Dothan, Alabama, USA. It is located on U.S. Highway 231 inside Ross Clark Circle, about north of the southern tip of Ross Clark Circle. The junior high school district roughly runs down U.S. Highway 84, which runs east to west through the heart of Dothan.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 99998, "question": "On which continent is Thabana Ntlenyana located?", "answer": "Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 20577, "question": "When was the southern tip of #1 colonized?", "answer": "1652", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "The Low German varieties spoken in Germany are often counted among the German dialects. This reflects the modern situation where they are roofed by standard German. This is different from the situation in the Middle Ages when Low German had strong tendencies towards an ausbau language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dutch language", "paragraph_text": "Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch and later Modern Dutch. The division in these development phases is mostly conventional, since the transition between them was very gradual. One of the few moments linguists can detect somewhat of a revolution is when the Dutch standard language emerged and quickly established itself. The development of the Dutch language is illustrated by the following sentence in Old, Middle and Modern Dutch:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Dutch language", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), Skepi (in Essequibo, Guyana) and Negerhollands (in the United States Virgin Islands). Pennsylvania Dutch is not a member of the set of Dutch dialects and is less misleadingly called Pennsylvania German.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "The severe weather in the Alps has been studied since the 18th century; particularly the weather patterns such as the seasonal foehn wind. Numerous weather stations were placed in the mountains early in the early 20th century, providing continuous data for climatologists. Some of the valleys are quite arid such as the Aosta valley in Italy, the Maurienne in France, the Valais in Switzerland, and northern Tyrol.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Russian language", "paragraph_text": "Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [ɣ] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Wooden Heart", "paragraph_text": "\"Wooden Heart\", created by Fred Wise, Ben Weisman, Kay Twomey and German bandleader Bert Kaempfert, was based on a German folk song by Friedrich Silcher, \"Muss i denn\", originating from the Rems Valley in Württemberg, southwest Germany. \"Wooden Heart\" features several lines from the original folk song, written in the German Swabian dialect, as spoken in Württemberg. Marlene Dietrich recorded a version of the song sometime before 1958, pre-dating Presley, in the original German language, which appears as a B-side on a 1959 version of her single \"Lili Marlene\", released by Philips in association with Columbia Records. The Elvis Presley version was published by Gladys Music, Elvis Presley's publishing company. Bobby Vinton recorded his version in 1975 with those lines translated into Polish.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "The Miami area has a unique dialect, (commonly called the \"Miami accent\") which is widely spoken. The dialect developed among second- or third-generation Hispanics, including Cuban-Americans, whose first language was English (though some non-Hispanic white, black, and other races who were born and raised the Miami area tend to adopt it as well.) It is based on a fairly standard American accent but with some changes very similar to dialects in the Mid-Atlantic (especially the New York area dialect, Northern New Jersey English, and New York Latino English.) Unlike Virginia Piedmont, Coastal Southern American, and Northeast American dialects and Florida Cracker dialect (see section below), \"Miami accent\" is rhotic; it also incorporates a rhythm and pronunciation heavily influenced by Spanish (wherein rhythm is syllable-timed). However, this is a native dialect of English, not learner English or interlanguage; it is possible to differentiate this variety from an interlanguage spoken by second-language speakers in that \"Miami accent\" does not generally display the following features: there is no addition of /ɛ/ before initial consonant clusters with /s/, speakers do not confuse of /dʒ/ with /j/, (e.g., Yale with jail), and /r/ and /rr/ are pronounced as alveolar approximant [ɹ] instead of alveolar tap [ɾ] or alveolar trill [r] in Spanish.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible to the next valley a few kilometers away. Other varieties of Chinese are spoken as well, mostly along the borders; Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border with Anhui, while Min dialects are spoken on the border with Fujian. (See Hangzhou dialect, Shaoxing dialect, Ningbo dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Taizhou dialect, Jinhua dialect, and Quzhou dialect for more information).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Old English", "paragraph_text": "Old English is a West Germanic language, developing out of Ingvaeonic (also known as North Sea Germanic) dialects from the 5th century. It came to be spoken over most of the territory of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which became the Kingdom of England. This included most of present-day England, as well as part of what is now southeastern Scotland, which for several centuries belonged to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Other parts of the island – Wales and most of Scotland – continued to use Celtic languages, except in the areas of Scandinavian settlements where Old Norse was spoken. Celtic speech also remained established in certain parts of England: Medieval Cornish was spoken all over Cornwall and in adjacent parts of Devon, while Cumbric survived perhaps to the 12th century in parts of Cumbria, and Welsh may have been spoken on the English side of the Anglo-Welsh border. Norse was also widely spoken in the parts of England which fell under Danish law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Catalan language", "paragraph_text": "Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Old English", "paragraph_text": "Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "We Are the Faithful", "paragraph_text": "We Are the Faithful (German Wir sind dir treu) is a 2005 documentary short film produced and directed by Swiss actor Michael Koch. It premiered in October 2005. The film is entirely spoken in Baseldytsch, a Swiss German dialect, but subtitles in Standard German and English are shown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "The situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a foreign language.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chukotkan languages", "paragraph_text": "Chukotkan (Chukotian, Chukotic) is a dialect cluster that forms one branch of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family. It is spoken in two autonomous regions at the extreme northeast of Russia, bounded on the east by the Pacific and on the north by the Arctic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Armenian Wikipedia", "paragraph_text": "The Armenian language used is mainly the Eastern Armenian dialect. However, the Armenian Wikipedia is inclusive, and also contains articles of interest in the Western Armenian dialect, which is predominantly spoken in the Armenian Diaspora.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Birghorn", "paragraph_text": "The Birghorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies on the range connecting the Lötschen Pass from the Tschingelhorn, separating the upper Gasterntal (Bernese Oberland) from the Lötschental (Valais).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dutch language", "paragraph_text": "Dutch dialects and regional languages are not spoken as often as they used to be. Recent research by Geert Driessen shows that the use of dialects and regional languages among both Dutch adults and youth is in heavy decline. In 1995, 27 percent of the Dutch adult population spoke a dialect or regional language on a regular basis, while in 2011 this was no more than 11 percent. In 1995, 12 percent of the primary school aged children spoke a dialect or regional language, while in 2011 this had declined to 4 percent. Of the three officially recognized regional languages Limburgish is spoken most (in 2011 among adults 54%, among children 31%) and Dutch Low Saxon least (adults 15%, children 1%); Frisian occupies a middle position (adults 44%, children 22%).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Beijing dialect", "paragraph_text": "The Beijing dialect (simplified Chinese: 北京话; traditional Chinese: 北京話; pinyin: Běijīnghuà), also known as Pekingese, is the prestige dialect of Mandarin spoken in the urban area of Beijing, China. It is the phonological basis of Standard Chinese, which is the official language in the People's Republic of China and Republic of China and one of the official languages in Singapore.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Greece is today relatively homogeneous in linguistic terms, with a large majority of the native population using Greek as their first or only language. Among the Greek-speaking population, speakers of the distinctive Pontic dialect came to Greece from Asia Minor after the Greek genocide and constitute a sizable group. The Cappadocian dialect came to Greece due to the genocide as well, but is endangered and is barely spoken now. Indigenous Greek dialects include the archaic Greek spoken by the Sarakatsani, traditionally transhument mountain shepherds of Greek Macedonia and other parts of Northern Greece. The Tsakonian language, a distinct Greek language deriving from Doric Greek instead of Ionic Greek, is still spoken in some villages in the southeastern Peloponnese.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Täsch", "paragraph_text": "Täsch is a municipality in the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It is located about north of Zermatt. The local language is Swiss German.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 9438, "question": "Where is the Valais located?", "answer": "Switzerland", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 8111, "question": "What dialect of German is spoken in #1 ?", "answer": "Swiss German", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Woody Rock", "paragraph_text": "Woody Rock (born James Green on September 10, 1976 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an African-American singer, dancer, and musician who originally became known as a former member of the multi-platinum R&B act Dru Hill, a group for which he has written and sung lead on songs such as \"5 Steps\", \"April Showers\", and \"Angel\". He has also recorded his own solo gospel album, \"Soul Music\", for Kirk Franklin's Gospocentric Records. His nickname was derived from his father saying he resembled the Woody Woodpecker cartoon character.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Caught in the Rain", "paragraph_text": "Caught in the Rain is a 1914 American comedy silent film starring Charlie Chaplin. This film was the first of many movies in which Chaplin both directed and played the lead. The short film was produced by Mack Sennett for Keystone Studios with a running time of 16 minutes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Gustav Hollaender", "paragraph_text": "Gustav Hollaender (15 February 1855 in Leobschütz – 4 December 1915 in Berlin) was a German violinist, conductor and composer. He composed many violin works including violin concerti. He was uncle of the more famous film composer Friedrich Hollaender.(See \"Great Jews in Music\" by Darryl Lyman).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Sleeper (1973 film)", "paragraph_text": "Sleeper is a 1973 American futuristic science fiction comedy film, directed by Woody Allen and written by Allen and Marshall Brickman. The plot involves the adventures of the owner of a health food store who is cryogenically frozen in 1973 and defrosted 200 years later in an ineptly led police state. The film contains many elements which parody notable works of science fiction and was made as a tribute to comedians Groucho Marx and Bob Hope.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Toy Story 2", "paragraph_text": "Toy Story 2 is a 1999 American computer - animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by John Lasseter and co-directed by Lee Unkrich and Ash Brannon, it is the sequel to 1995's Toy Story. In the film, Woody is stolen by a toy collector, prompting Buzz Lightyear and his friends to vow to rescue him, but Woody is then tempted by the idea of immortality in a museum. Many of the original characters and voices from Toy Story return for this sequel, and several new characters -- including Jessie (voiced by Joan Cusack), Barbie (voiced by Jodi Benson), Stinky Pete (voiced by Kelsey Grammer) and Mrs. Potato Head (voiced by Estelle Harris) -- are introduced.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Hanover", "paragraph_text": "In September 1941, through the \"Action Lauterbacher\" plan, a ghettoisation of the remaining Hanoverian Jewish families began. Even before the Wannsee Conference, on 15 December 1941, the first Jews from Hanover were deported to Riga. A total of 2,400 people were deported, and very few survived. During the war seven concentration camps were constructed in Hanover, in which many Jews were confined. Of the approximately 4,800 Jews who had lived in Hannover in 1938, fewer than 100 were still in the city when troops of the United States Army arrived on 10 April 1945 to occupy Hanover at the end of the war.[citation needed] Today, a memorial at the Opera Square is a reminder of the persecution of the Jews in Hanover. After the war a large group of Orthodox Jewish survivors of the nearby Bergen-Belsen concentration camp settled in Hanover.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Love and Death", "paragraph_text": "Love and Death is a 1975 comedy film by Woody Allen. It is a satire on Russian literature starring Allen and Diane Keaton as Boris and Sonja, Russians living during the Napoleonic Era who engage in mock-serious philosophical debates. Allen considered it the funniest film he had made up until that point.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "CineAlta", "paragraph_text": "CineAlta cameras are a series of professional digital movie cameras produced by Sony that replicate many of the same features of 35mm film motion picture cameras.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Kids of Degrassi Street", "paragraph_text": "The Kids of Degrassi Street is a Canadian children's TV series that aired from 1979 to 1986, and is the first series in the \"Degrassi\" franchise. It follows the lives of a group of children living on Degrassi Street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The series grew out of four short films: \"Ida Makes a Movie\", \"Cookie Goes to the Hospital\", \"Irene Moves In\" and \"Noel Buys a Suit\", which originally aired as after-school specials on CBC Television in 1979, 1980, 1981 and 1982, respectively. The show was acclaimed for its realistic depiction of everyday children's lives and tribulations, and it remains memorable to many Canadians because of this.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Woody Woodpecker (2017 film)", "paragraph_text": "Woody Woodpecker is a 2017 American live - action / computer - animated family comedy film produced by Mike Elliott and directed by Alex Zamm, based on the cartoon character of the same name created by Walter Lantz and Ben Hardaway. The film stars the voice of Eric Bauza as Woody Woodpecker, and also stars Timothy Omundson as Lance Walters, a divorced attorney with a son and a new girlfriend who wants to build a dream home in a forest in the mountains of Washington, only to find out he is cutting down a tree in which the eponymous woodpecker lives. The film was first released in theaters in Brazil on October 5, 2017. It was released in the United States on DVD on February 6, 2018. While it was filmed in the English - language, it was designed for the Brazilian film market. The film received negative reviews from critics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Mausam (1975 film)", "paragraph_text": "Mausam () is a 1975 Indian Hindi-language film starring Sanjeev Kumar and Sharmila Tagore, and directed by Gulzar. It is loosely based on the novel, \"The Judas Tree\", by A.J. Cronin. Sharmila Tagore for her acting received The Silver Lotus Award at the 23rd National Film Festival and the movie was honoured by presenting an award for 2nd Best Feature Film. The movie received two of eight nominations at the 24th Filmfare Awards. The film also won many other accolades as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Elizabeth Ekadashi", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Ekadashi is a 2014 Marathi movie directed by Paresh Mokashi. and written by Madhugandha Kulkarni. The movie, which tells the tale of a child and his set of friends living in Pandharpur, has been selected as the opening film of the Indian Panorama section at the International Film Festival of India, 2014. The film had national release on 14 November 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Letty Aronson", "paragraph_text": "Ellen Letty Aronson (née Konigsberg; born in 1943), is an American film producer and is the younger sister of writer and director Woody Allen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Woody Woodpecker (2017 film)", "paragraph_text": "Woody Woodpecker is a 2017 American live - action / computer - animated family comedy film produced by Mike Elliott and directed by Alex Zamm, based on the cartoon character of the same name created by Walter Lantz and Ben Hardaway. The film stars the voice of Eric Bauza as Woody Woodpecker, and also stars Timothy Omundson as Lance Walters, a divorced attorney with a son and a new girlfriend who wants to build a dream home in a forest in the mountains of Washington, only to find out he is cutting down a tree in which the eponymous woodpecker lives. The film was first released in theaters in Brazil on October 5, 2017. It was released in the United States on DVD on February 6, 2018. While the movie itself was filmed in the English - language, it was focused on the Brazilian public, since the character is still extremely popular in the country. The film received negative reviews from critics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Woody Woodpecker (2017 film)", "paragraph_text": "In the early 2010s, Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment planned a Woody Woodpecker feature film. John Altschuler and Dave Krinsky (King of the Hill) were in talks to develop a story, but in July 2013, Illumination canceled the project. In October 2013, Bill Kopp announced that Universal Pictures had hired him to direct an animated feature film with three interwoven stories. On July 13, 2016, Cartoon Brew reported that Universal 1440 Entertainment was filming a live - action / CG hybrid film based on Woody Woodpecker in Canada. Filming began in June 2016, and ended later in July of that year.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Religion in Syria", "paragraph_text": "In Syria, Jews of both origins, numbering altogether fewer than 3,000 in 1987, are found. After a mass emigration in 1992, today fewer than 200 Jews live in Syria, mostly in the capital. Syrian Jews are Arabic-speaking and barely distinguishable from the Arabs around them. In Syria, as elsewhere, the degree to which Jews submit to the disciplines of their religion varies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Toy Story", "paragraph_text": "It was difficult for crew members to perceive the film's quality during much of the production process when the finished footage was in scattered pieces and lacked elements like music and sound design. Some animators felt the film would be a significant disappointment commercially, but felt animators and animation fans would find it interesting. According to Lee Unkrich, one of the original editors of \"Toy Story\", a scene was cut out of the original final edit. The scene features Sid, after Pizza Planet, torturing Buzz and Woody violently. Unkrich decided to cut right into the scene where Sid is interrogating the toys because the creators of the movie thought the audience would be loving Buzz and Woody at that point. Another scene, where Woody was trying to get Buzz's attention when he was stuck in the box crate, was shortened because the creators felt it would lose the energy of the movie. Peter Schneider had grown optimistic about the film as it neared completion, and announced a United States release date of November, coinciding with Thanksgiving weekend and the start of the winter holiday season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Jews", "paragraph_text": "More than half of the Jews live in the Diaspora (see Population table). Currently, the largest Jewish community outside Israel, and either the largest or second-largest Jewish community in the world, is located in the United States, with 5.2 million to 6.4 million Jews by various estimates. Elsewhere in the Americas, there are also large Jewish populations in Canada (315,000), Argentina (180,000-300,000), and Brazil (196,000-600,000), and smaller populations in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and several other countries (see History of the Jews in Latin America). Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world. Currently, a major national Jewish population survey is planned to ascertain whether or not Israel has overtaken the United States in Jewish population.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Jackassworld.com: 24 Hour Takeover", "paragraph_text": "Jackassworld.com: 24 Hour Takeover was a 24-hour live TV special featuring many stars of the MTV show and movie franchise \"Jackass\" from February 23–24, 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Woody Woodpecker Show", "paragraph_text": "The Woody Woodpecker Show is a long-running 30-minute American television series mainly composed of the film series in animated cartoon escapades of Woody Woodpecker and other Walter Lantz characters including Andy Panda, Chilly Willy, and Inspector Willoughby released by Walter Lantz Productions. The series was revived and reformatted several times, but remained popular for nearly four decades and allowed the studio to continue making theatrical cartoons until 1972 when it shut down. It also kept the Walter Lantz/Universal \"cartunes\" made during the Golden Age of American animation a part of the American consciousness. The \"Woody Woodpecker Show\" was named the 88th best animated series by IGN.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 92971, "question": "where did they film woody the woodpecker movie", "answer": "Canada", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 21114, "question": "How many Jews live in #1 ?", "answer": "315,000", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Amrapali Express", "paragraph_text": "The 15707/15708 Amrapali Express is an express train belonging to Indian Railways that runs between Katihar Railway Junction and Amritsar in India. It operates as train number 15707 in Up direction from Katihar Junction of North east Frontier railway to Amritsar of Northern Railway and as train number 15708 in the reverse direction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Rugby sevens at the 1998 Asian Games – Men", "paragraph_text": "The 1998 Men's Asian Games Rugby sevens Tournament was held in Thai Army Sports Stadium from December 7, 1998 to December 8, 1998.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.0%, about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Over 27,000 Chinese Americans made their home in Boston city proper in 2013, and the city hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Kathmandu", "paragraph_text": "Football and Cricket are the most popular sports among the younger generation in Nepal and there are several stadiums in the city. The sport is governed by the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) from its headquarters in Kathmandu. The only international football stadium in the city is the Dasarath Rangasala Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium used mostly for football matches and cultural events, located in the neighborhood of Tripureshwor. It is the largest stadium in Nepal with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, built in 1956. Martyr's Memorial League is also held in this ground every year. The stadium was renovated with Chinese help before the 8th South Asian Games were held in Kathmandu and had floodlights installed. Kathmandu is home to the oldest football clubs of Nepal such as RCT, Sankata and NRT. Other prominent clubs include MMC, Machhindra FC, Tribhuwan Army Club (TAC) and MPC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Talvin Singh", "paragraph_text": "Talvin Singh, OBE (born 1970 in London, England), is a producer and composer and tabla player, known for creating an innovative fusion of Indian classical music and drum and bass. Singh is generally considered involved with an electronica subgenre called Asian Underground, and more recently as Indian and/or Asian electronica.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Nepal at the 2006 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "Nepal participated in the 15th Asian Games, officially known as the XV Asiad held in Doha from December 1 to December 15, 2006. Nepal ranked 35th with 3 bronze medals in this edition of the Asiad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "1975 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games", "paragraph_text": "The 1975 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, officially known as the 8th Southeast Asian Peninsular Games was a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Bangkok, Thailand from 9 to 16 December 1975. This was the third time Thailand hosted the games, and its first time since 1967. Previously, Thailand also hosted the 1959 inaugural games. South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, which only sent token squads made up of military personnel to previous games, declined to participate due to internal political problems. The games is the last games to bear the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games name, before it was renamed the Southeast Asian Games in the next edition of the games. The games was opened and closed by Bhumibol Adulyadej, the King of Thailand at the Suphalachasai Stadium. The final medal tally was led by Thailand, followed by host Singapore, Burma and Malaysia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "In 1964 Israel hosted and won the Asian Nations Cup; in 1970 the Israel national football team managed to qualify to the FIFA World Cup, which is still considered[by whom?] the biggest achievement of Israeli football.[citation needed] The 1974 Asian Games held in Tehran, were the last Asian Games in which Israel participated, and was plagued by the Arab countries which refused to compete with Israel, and Israel since ceased competing in Asian competitions. Israel was excluded from the 1978 Asian Games due to security and expense involved if they were to participate. In 1994, UEFA agreed to admit Israel and all Israeli sporting organizations now compete in Europe.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tajikistan at the 2006 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "Tajikistan participated at the 2006 Asian Games held in Doha from December 1 to December 15, 2006. Tajikistan ranked 24th with 2 gold medals in this edition of the Asiad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Parduman Singh Brar", "paragraph_text": "Parduman Singh Brar (15 October 1927 – 22 March 2007) was an Indian athlete who specialized in shot put and discus throw events. He was one of the few Indians to have won multiple medals at the Asian Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kamaljeet Sandhu", "paragraph_text": "Kamaljeet Sandhu is a former woman Indian athlete who won gold medal at 1970 Bangkok Asian Games in 400 m race. She ran the distance in 57.3 seconds. She was the first Indian woman athlete to win gold medal at any Asian games. She hails from Punjab state in India. She received Padma Shri award in 1971. In 1971, she was one of the finalists in the World University Games held at Turin, Italy, in 400 metres race. She participated in the Women's 400 metres at the 1972 Munich Olympics, bowing out in the heats. Kamaljeet retired from athletics in 1973. She was also a national - level basketball and inter-varsity hockey player. She went to the 1982 Asian Games as the coach of the Indian women's sprint team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Approximately 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing eleven tribal nations, were created in Montana. A twelfth nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a \"landless\" people headquartered in Great Falls, recognized by the state of Montana but not by the U.S. Government. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1851) in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder. Approximately 63% of all Native people live off the reservations, concentrated in the larger Montana cities with the largest concentration of urban Indians in Great Falls. The state also has a small Métis population, and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2009 Nazran bombing", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 Nazran bombing occurred on 17 August 2009, when a suicide car bomber attacked police headquarters in Nazran, the largest city of the Republic of Ingushetia. At least 25 people were killed and 164 injured. It was the most serious terrorist attack in Ingushetia in recent years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ronjan Sodhi", "paragraph_text": "Ronjan Sodhi (born 23 October 1979 in Ferozepur, Punjab, India) is an Indian Double trap shooter. He won two silver medals at the 2010 Commonwealth Games and a gold medal at the 2010 Asian Games. In 2011, he became first Indian to successfully defend a World Cup title. He is also a recipient of the Arjuna Award and Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award (2013).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Greene, Iowa", "paragraph_text": "Greene is a city in Butler County, Iowa, along the Shell Rock River, and along Butler County's northern border, where Butler and Floyd counties meet. The population was 1,130 at the 2010 census. Greene is the headquarters of the Iowa Northern Railway.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Yousuf Khan (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Yousuf Khan (5 August 1937 – 1 July 2006) was an Indian footballer who represented India national team at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was one of only two Indians to have been included in the 1965 Asian All Stars XI. He was also a part of the team that won gold at the 1962 Asian Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "2018 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Asian Games (Indonesian: Pesta Olahraga Musim Panas Asia 2018), the 18th Asian Games and commonly known as Jakarta Palembang 2018, is a pan-Asian multi-sport event scheduled to be held from 18 August to 2 September 2018 in Indonesia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Golf at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's team", "paragraph_text": "The women's team competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan was held from 3 October to 6 October at the Asiad Country Club.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Asian Football Confederation", "paragraph_text": "One of FIFA's six continental confederations, the AFC was formed officially on 8 May 1954 in Manila, Philippines, on the sidelines of the second Asian Games. The main headquarters is located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The current president is Sheikh Salman Bin Ibrahim Al-Khalifa of Bahrain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Iran at the 1966 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "Iran participated in the 1966 Asian Games held in the capital city of Bangkok, and ranked 6th with 6 gold medals on this occasion of the Asiad.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 11167, "question": "What Indian city is the headquarters of the Northern Railway?", "answer": "New Delhi", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 11227, "question": "The Asian Games were most recently held in #1 in what year?", "answer": "1982", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sex and Lucia", "paragraph_text": "Sex and Lucía () is a 2001 Spanish drama film written and directed by Julio Medem, and starring Paz Vega and Tristán Ulloa. The film was shot on two separate locations along the Mediterranean coast in Spain and France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sichuan", "paragraph_text": "Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese: 成都经济技术开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū jīngjì jìshù kāifā qū) was approved as state-level development zone in February 2000. The zone now has a developed area of 10.25 km2 (3.96 sq mi) and has a planned area of 26 km2 (10 sq mi). Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone (CETDZ) lies 13.6 km (8.5 mi) east of Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province and the hub of transportation and communication in southwest China. The zone has attracted investors and developers from more than 20 countries to carry out their projects there. Industries encouraged in the zone include mechanical, electronic, new building materials, medicine and food processing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "The plains at the foot of the Sierra Madre Occidental is an elongated mesa known as Altiplanicie Mexicana that exhibits a steppe climate and serves as a transition zone from the mountain climate in the western part of the state to the desert climate in the eastern side of the state. The steppe zone accounts for a third of the state's area, and it experiences pronounced dry and wet seasons. The pronounced rainy season in the steppe is usually observed in the months of July, August, and September. The steppe also encounters extreme temperatures that often reach over 100 °F in the summer and drop below 32 °F in the winter. The steppe zone is an important agriculture zone due to an extensive development of canals exploiting several rivers that flow down from the mountains. The steppe zone is the most populated area of the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jasper, Indiana", "paragraph_text": "Jasper is a city in, and the county seat of Dubois County, Indiana, United States, located along the Patoka River. The population was 15,038 at the 2010 census making it the 48th largest city in Indiana. On November 4, 2007, Dubois County returned to the Eastern Time Zone, after having moved to the Central Time Zone the previous year. Land use in the area is primarily agricultural.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Paulilles", "paragraph_text": "Paulilles is a protected area on the Mediterranean Sea, located between the towns of Port-Vendres, and Banyuls-sur-Mer in Pyrénées-Orientales, North Catalonia, France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Città Studi", "paragraph_text": "Città Studi (literally, \"city of the studies\") is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy, located within the Zone 3 administrative division. Its name comes from the fact that the Politecnico technical university, as well as most technical and scientific branches of the University of Milan, are based in this area. The area also houses several prominent hospitals of Milan, including the IRCCS National Cancer Foundation and the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Italy", "paragraph_text": "Italy is located in Southern Europe, between latitudes 35° and 47° N, and longitudes 6° and 19° E. To the north, Italy borders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia and is roughly delimited by the Alpine watershed, enclosing the Po Valley and the Venetian Plain. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula and the two Mediterranean islands of Sicily and Sardinia (the two biggest islands of the Mediterranean), in addition to many smaller islands. The sovereign states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Ansio (Metro Bilbao)", "paragraph_text": "Ansio is a station of the Line 2 of Metro Bilbao. It is located in the municipality of Barakaldo in the Greater Bilbao area and next to the Bilbao Exhibition Centre (BEC). The station before is Barakaldo and the station after is Gurutzeta/Cruces. The fare zone for this station is B2 and the Customer Attention Offices of Metro Bilbao are also located on this station.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal", "paragraph_text": "The Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is a healthcare journal published by the Eastern Mediterranean Regional office of World Health Organisation of the World Health Organization. It covers research in the area of public health and related biomedical or technical subjects, with particular relevance to the Eastern Mediterranean region. It was established in 1995 and articles are in Arabic, English, or French.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mediterranean Sea", "paragraph_text": "Two of the most notable Mediterranean civilizations in classical antiquity were the Greek city states and the Phoenicians, both of which extensively colonized the coastlines of the Mediterranean. Later, when Augustus founded the Roman Empire, the Romans referred to the Mediterranean as Mare Nostrum (``Our Sea ''). For the next 400 years, the Roman Empire completely controlled the Mediterranean Sea and virtually all its coastal regions from Gibraltar to the Levant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Zec Jeannotte, Québec", "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Jeannotte is a zone d'exploitation contrôlée (Controlled harvesting area), located in Lac-Édouard, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "The sovereign territory of Israel (according to the demarcation lines of the 1949 Armistice Agreements and excluding all territories captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War) is approximately 20,770 square kilometers (8,019 sq mi) in area, of which two percent is water. However Israel is so narrow that the exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean is double the land area of the country. The total area under Israeli law, including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, is 22,072 square kilometers (8,522 sq mi), and the total area under Israeli control, including the military-controlled and partially Palestinian-governed territory of the West Bank, is 27,799 square kilometers (10,733 sq mi). Despite its small size, Israel is home to a variety of geographic features, from the Negev desert in the south to the inland fertile Jezreel Valley, mountain ranges of the Galilee, Carmel and toward the Golan in the north. The Israeli Coastal Plain on the shores of the Mediterranean is home to 57 percent of the nation's population. East of the central highlands lies the Jordan Rift Valley, which forms a small part of the 6,500-kilometer (4,039 mi) Great Rift Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Wesley Chapel, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Wesley Chapel, Texas is an unincorporated community in Houston County, Texas, United States. It is located off Farm to Market Road 229, six miles from Crockett, Texas. It was settled after the American Civil War, and a school was built in 1897. The community had disbanded by 1990. Students in the area are zoned within the Crockett Independent School District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Gobela (Metro Bilbao)", "paragraph_text": "Gobela is a station of the Line 1 of Metro Bilbao. It is located at the neighborhood of Romo, in the municipality of Getxo in the Greater Bilbao area. The station after is Areeta and the station before is Neguri. It is an elevated station and its fare zone is B1.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Galicia (Spain)", "paragraph_text": "The lands of Galicia are ascribed to two different areas in the Köppen climate classification: a south area (roughly, the province of Ourense and Pontevedra) with tendencies to have some summer drought, classified as a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb), with mild temperatures and rainfall usual throughout the year; and the western and northern coastal regions, the provinces of Lugo and A Coruña, which are characterized by their Oceanic climate (Cfb), with a more uniform precipitation distribution along the year, and milder summers. However, precipitation in southern coastal areas are often classified as oceanic since the averages remain significantly higher than a typical mediterranean climate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ebro", "paragraph_text": "Just as it enters Catalonia, the Ebro Valley narrows, and the river becomes constrained by mountain ranges, making wide bends. Massive dams have been built in this area, such as the dams at Mequinenza (Province of Zaragoza, 1955), Riba-roja (1955) and Flix (1948), the latter two in the Province of Tarragona. In the final section of its course the river bends southwards and flows through spectacular gorges. The massive calcareous cliffs of the Serra de Cardó range constrain the river during this last stretch, separating the Ebro Valley from the Mediterranean coastal area. After passing the gorges, the Ebro bends again eastwards near Tortosa before discharging in a delta on the Mediterranean Sea close to Amposta in the province of Tarragona.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Port Said Governorate", "paragraph_text": "Port Said Governorate ( \"\") is one of the Canal Zone governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Mediterranean Sea at the northern gate of the Suez Canal, making it the second most important harbor in Egypt. Its capital is the city of Port Said, and is the home of the Suez Canal Authority historical administrative building and the Lighthouse of Port Said.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Independence (Kosheen album)", "paragraph_text": "Independence is Kosheen's fourth studio album released on October 1, 2012. The digital copy of the album from iTunes includes two additional instrumentals, 'Zone 10' and 'Zone 15', as well as a remix of their single 'Spies' by Moth Equals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Berango (Metro Bilbao)", "paragraph_text": "Berango is a station of the Line 1 of Metro Bilbao. It is located in the municipality of Berango, in the \"comarca\" of Mungialdea inside the Bilbao metropolitan area. The station before is Larrabasterra and the station after is Bidezabal. It is an at-grade station and its fare zone is B1.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161176, "question": "Which contenent is Rugops from?", "answer": "Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 62477, "question": "the mediterranean zone is located in which two areas of #1", "answer": "fynbos in South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[ "SA", "za" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "It is believed by Egyptologists that the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (often Hellenicised as ``Cheops '') and was constructed over a 20 - year period. Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (also called Hemon), is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. It is thought that, at construction, the Great Pyramid was originally 280 Egyptian cubits tall (146.5 metres (480.6 ft)), but with erosion and absence of its pyramidion, its present height is 138.8 metres (455.4 ft). Each base side was 440 cubits, 230.4 metres (755.9 ft) long. The mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes. The volume, including an internal hillock, is roughly 2,500,000 cubic metres (88,000,000 cu ft).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pyramid of Userkaf", "paragraph_text": "Userkaf's pyramid is part of a larger mortuary complex comprising a mortuary temple, an offering chapel and a cult pyramid as well as separate pyramid and mortuary temple for Userkaf's wife, queen Neferhetepes. Userkaf's mortuary temple and cult pyramid are today completely ruined and difficult to recognize. The pyramid of the queen is no more than a mound of rubble, with its funerary chamber exposed by stone robbers.The complex is markedly different from those built during the 4th Dynasty (c. 2613–2494 BC) in its size, architecture and location, being at Saqqara rather than Gizah. As such, Userkaf's pyramid complex could be a manifestation of the profound changes in the ideology of kingship that took place between the 4th and 5th dynasties, changes that may have started during the reign of Userkaf's likely immediate predecessor, Shepseskaf. Some 1500 years after its construction, the pyramid complex was restored under Ramses II. During the much later Saite period (664–525 BC), it was used as a cemetery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Pyramid of Userkaf", "paragraph_text": "Userkaf's pyramid is located on the northeast corner of Djoser's step pyramid complex. The pyramid was originally around 49 metres (161 ft) high and 73 metres (240 ft) large with an inclination of 53° identical to that of Khufu's great pyramid for a total volume of 87,906 m3 (114,977 cu yd). The core of the pyramid is built of small, roughly-hewn blocks of local limestone disposed in horizontal layers. This meant a considerable saving of labor as compared to the large and more accurately-hewn stone cores of 4th Dynasty pyramids. However, as the outer casing of Userkaf's pyramid fell victim to stone robbers throughout the millennia, the loosely assembled core material was progressively exposed and fared much worse over time than that of the older pyramids. This explains the current ruined state of the pyramid.The pyramid core was constructed in a step-like structure, a construction technique similar to that of the 4th dynasty although the building material was of a significantly lower quality. The outer casing of the pyramid was made of fine Tura limestone which certainly ensured Userkaf's construction an appearance similar to that of the glorious 4th Dynasty pyramids. There was however no red granite paneling over the lower part of the pyramid as in the case of the Pyramid of Menkaure.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Great Pyramid Robbery", "paragraph_text": "The Great Pyramid Robbery is a fantasy novel by English writer Katherine Roberts, the first book in The Seven Fabulous Wonders series and the prequel to \"The Babylon Game\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Al-Damiri", "paragraph_text": "Al-Damiri belonged to one of the two towns called Damira near Damietta and spent his life in Egypt. Of the Shafiite school of law, he became professor of tradition in the Rukniyya at Cairo, and also at the mosque al-Azhar; in connection with this work he wrote a commentary on the \"Minhāj al-Ṭalibīn\" of Al-Nawawi.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Jordan", "paragraph_text": "Jordan (Arabic: الْأُرْدُنّ ‎ Al - ʾUrdunn (al. ʔur. dunn)), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية ‎ Al - Mamlakah Al - Urdunnīyah Al - Hāshimīyah), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, Iraq to the north - east, Syria to the north, Israel and Palestine to the west. The Dead Sea lies along its western borders and the country has a small shoreline on the Red Sea in its extreme south - west, but is otherwise landlocked. Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic, political and cultural centre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "The Great Pyramid consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks which most believe to have been transported from nearby quarries. The Tura limestone used for the casing was quarried across the river. The largest granite stones in the pyramid, found in the ``King's ''chamber, weigh 25 to 80 tonnes and were transported from Aswan, more than 800 km (500 mi) away. Traditionally, ancient Egyptians cut stone blocks by hammering into them wooden wedges, which were then soaked with water. As the water was absorbed, the wedges expanded, causing the rock to crack. Once they were cut, they were carried by boat either up or down the Nile River to the pyramid. It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of limestone, 8,000 tonnes of granite (imported from Aswan), and 500,000 tonnes of mortar were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Louvre Pyramid", "paragraph_text": "The Louvre Pyramid (Pyramide du Louvre) is a large glass and metal pyramid designed by Chinese - American architect I.M. Pei, surrounded by three smaller pyramids, in the main courtyard (Cour Napoléon) of the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) in Paris. The large pyramid serves as the main entrance to the Louvre Museum. Completed in 1989, it has become a landmark of the city of Paris.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "It is believed the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (often Hellenicised as ``Cheops '') and was constructed over a 20 - year period. Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (also called Hemon), is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. It is thought that, at construction, the Great Pyramid was originally 280 Egyptian cubits tall (146.5 metres (480.6 ft)), but with erosion and absence of its pyramidion, its present height is 138.8 metres (455.4 ft). Each base side was 440 cubits, 230.4 metres (755.9 ft) long. The mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes. The volume, including an internal hillock, is roughly 2,500,000 cubic metres (88,000,000 cu ft).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "Egyptologists believe the pyramid was built as a tomb for the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (often Hellenicised as ``Cheops '') and was constructed over a 20 - year period. Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (also called Hemon), is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. It is thought that, at construction, the Great Pyramid was originally 280 Egyptian Royal cubits tall (146.5 metres (480.6 ft)), but with erosion and absence of its pyramidion, its present height is 138.8 metres (455.4 ft). Each base side was 440 cubits, 230.4 metres (755.9 ft) long. The mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes. The volume, including an internal hillock, is roughly 2,500,000 cubic metres (88,000,000 cu ft).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Al-Biruni (crater)", "paragraph_text": "Al-Biruni is an impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, just beyond the eastern limb. This portion of the surface is sometimes brought into sight due to librations of the Moon, but due to its location the crater is viewed from the side. Al-Biruni lies to the south of the crater Joliot, and to the northeast of Goddard. It is named after the great Ghaznavid Scientist Al-Biruni.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef", "paragraph_text": "Both Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef and Nubkheperre Intef were sons of a king called Sobekemsaf, most probably Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf (Sobekemsaf II today, not I) based on an inscription from a doorjamb from a 17th Dynasty temple at Gebel Antef. While his own tomb has not been located, it was likely located in the area of Dra' Abu el-Naga' where the pyramid tomb of his brother Nubkheperre Intef was found in 2001. The pyramidion of the pyramid of Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef's pyramid was found in Dra' Abu el-Naga'. It has a slope of 60 degrees and is inscribed with this king's names. The pyramidion is now in the British Museum (BM EA 478).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10 - to 20 - year period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man - made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by limestone casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "GMR Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The Great Manmade River Stadium (GMR or GMMR stadium) is a football stadium situated just a few metres away from the 11 June Stadium in the heart of Tripoli's sporting city. The stadium is named after the Great Manmade River. The stadium has a capacity of around 20,000 and is currently the home of Libyan Premier League clubs Al Wahda, Al Tersana and Alamn Alaam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Food pyramid (nutrition)", "paragraph_text": "A food pyramid or diet pyramid is a triangular diagram representing the optimal number of servings to be eaten each day from each of the basic food groups. The first pyramid was published in Sweden in 1974. The 1992 pyramid introduced by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was called the ``Food Guide Pyramid ''. It was updated in 2005, and then it was replaced by MyPlate in 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai", "paragraph_text": "Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai forms an important link between his father, Qusai ibn Kilab (c. 400–480), the great-great-grandfather of Shaiba ibn Hashim (Abdul-Mutallib) and his own sons, since he is the progenitor of the Banu Abd-al-dar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "The Great Pyramid consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks which most believe to have been transported from nearby quarries. The Tura limestone used for the casing was quarried across the river. The largest granite stones in the pyramid, found in the ``King's ''chamber, weigh 25 to 80 tonnes and were transported from Aswan, more than 800 km (500 mi) away. Traditionally, ancient Egyptians cut stone blocks by hammering into them some wooden wedges, which were then soaked with water. As the water was absorbed, the wedges expanded, causing the rock to crack. Once they were cut, they were carried by boat either up or down the Nile River to the pyramid. It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of limestone, 8,000 tonnes of granite (imported from Aswan), and 500,000 tonnes of mortar were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10 to 20 - year period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man - made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "paragraph_text": "Based on these estimates, building the pyramid in 20 years would involve installing approximately 800 tonnes of stone every day. Additionally, since it consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks, completing the building in 20 years would involve moving an average of more than 12 of the blocks into place each hour, day and night. The first precision measurements of the pyramid were made by Egyptologist Sir Flinders Petrie in 1880 -- 82 and published as The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. Almost all reports are based on his measurements. Many of the casing stones and inner chamber blocks of the Great Pyramid fit together with extremely high precision. Based on measurements taken on the northeastern casing stones, the mean opening of the joints is only 0.5 millimetre wide (1 / 50 of an inch).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Pyramid Lake Fault Zone", "paragraph_text": "The Pyramid Lake Fault Zone is an active right lateral-moving (dextral) geologic fault located in western Nevada. It is considered an integral part of the Walker Lane.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 102993, "question": "What country was Al-Damiri in?", "answer": "Egypt", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 91649, "question": "where is the great pyramids of #1 located", "answer": "Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[ "Cairo" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cape Town", "paragraph_text": "According to the South African National Census of 2011, the population of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality -- an area that includes suburbs and exurbs not always considered as part of Cape Town -- is 3,740,026 people. This represents an annual growth rate of 2.6% compared to the results of the previous census in 2001 which found a population of 2,892,243 people. The sex ratio is 96, meaning that there are slightly more women than men. 45.4% of the population described themselves as ``Coloured '', 42.7% as`` White'', 8.6% as ``Black African '', and 1.4% as`` Indian or Asian''. In 1944, 47% of the city's population was White, 46% was Coloured, less than 6% was Black African and 1% was Asian. Of those residents who were asked about their first language, 35.7% spoke Afrikaans, 29.8% spoke Xhosa and 28.4% spoke English. 24.8% of the population is under the age of 15, while 5.5% is 65 or older.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Armenians", "paragraph_text": "Historically, the name Armenian has come to internationally designate this group of people. It was first used by neighbouring countries of ancient Armenia. The earliest attestations of the exonym Armenia date around the 6th century BC. In his trilingual Behistun Inscription dated to 517 BC, Darius I the Great of Persia refers to Urashtu (in Babylonian) as Armina (in Old Persian; Armina ( ) and Harminuya (in Elamite). In Greek, Αρμένιοι \"Armenians\" is attested from about the same time, perhaps the earliest reference being a fragment attributed to Hecataeus of Miletus (476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "As of 2010[update], 79.12% (1,112,441) of Philadelphia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 9.72% (136,688) spoke Spanish, 1.64% (23,075) Chinese, 0.89% (12,499) Vietnamese, 0.77% (10,885) Russian, 0.66% (9,240) French, 0.61% (8,639) other Asian languages, 0.58% (8,217) African languages, 0.56% (7,933) Cambodian (Mon-Khmer), and Italian was spoken as a main language by 0.55% (7,773) of the population over the age of five. In total, 20.88% (293,544) of Philadelphia's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina ( ). The ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία (Armenía) and Ἀρμένιοι (Arménioi, \"Armenians\") are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. According to the histories of both Moses of Chorene and Michael Chamchian, Armenia derives from the name of Aram, a lineal descendant of Hayk.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Languages of India", "paragraph_text": "According to the Census of India of 2001, India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However, figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in definition of the terms ``language ''and`` dialect''. The 2001 Census recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a million native speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people. Two contact languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian and English. Persian was the court language during the Mughal period in India. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation. English continues to be an important language in India. It is used in higher education and in some areas of the Indian government. Hindi, the most commonly spoken language in India today, serves as the lingua franca across much of North and Central India. However, there have been anti-Hindi agitations in South India, most notably in the state of Tamil Nadu.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Bronx", "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke Spanish at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke English, 2.48% (31,361) African languages, 0.91% (11,455) French, 0.90% (11,355) Italian, 0.87% (10,946) various Indic languages, 0.70% (8,836) other Indo-European languages, and Chinese was spoken at home by 0.50% (6,610) of the population over the age of five. In total, 55.98% (706,783) of the Bronx's population age five and older spoke a language at home other than English. A Garifuna-speaking community from Honduras and Guatemala also makes the Bronx its home.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "The Native American name controversy is an ongoing dispute over the acceptable ways to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas and to broad subsets thereof, such as those living in a specific country or sharing certain cultural attributes. When discussing broader subsets of peoples, naming may be based on shared language, region, or historical relationship. Many English exonyms have been used to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Some of these names were based on foreign-language terms used by earlier explorers and colonists, while others resulted from the colonists' attempt to translate endonyms from the native language into their own, and yet others were pejorative terms arising out of prejudice and fear, during periods of conflict.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sahara", "paragraph_text": "Arabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Islands) and Beja languages are part of the Afro-Asiatic or Hamito-Semitic family.[citation needed] Unlike neighboring West Africa and the central governments of the states that comprise the Sahara, the French language bears little relevance to inter-personal discourse and commerce within the region, its people retaining staunch ethnic and political affiliations with Tuareg and Berber leaders and culture. The legacy of the French colonial era administration is primarily manifested in the territorial reorganization enacted by the Third and Fourth republics, which engendered artificial political divisions within a hitherto isolated and porous region. Diplomacy with local clients was primarily conducted in Arabic, which was the traditional language of bureaucratic affairs. Mediation of disputes and inter-agency communication was served by interpreters contracted by the French government, who, according to Keenan, \"documented a space of intercultural mediation,\" contributing much to preserving indigenous cultural identities in the region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "British Trust for Ornithology", "paragraph_text": "The British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) is an organisation founded in 1932 for the study of birds in the British Isles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Aztecs", "paragraph_text": "The Aztecs (/ ˈæztɛks /) were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec peoples included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Aztec culture was organized into city - states (altepetl), some of which joined to form alliances, political confederations, or empires. The Aztec empire was a confederation of three city - states established in 1427, Tenochtitlan, city - state of the Mexica or Tenochca; Texcoco; and Tlacopan, previously part of the Tepanec empire, whose dominant power was Azcapotzalco. Although the term Aztecs is often narrowly restricted to the Mexica of Tenochtitlan, it is also broadly used to refer to Nahua polities or peoples of central Mexico in the prehispanic era, as well as the Spanish colonial era (1521 -- 1821). The definitions of Aztec and Aztecs have long been the topic of scholarly discussion, ever since German scientist Alexander von Humboldt established its common usage in the early nineteenth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee. Today, this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used. Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Irish Isles, Britain and Ireland, UK and Ireland, and British Isles and Ireland. Owing to political and national associations with the word British, the Government of Ireland does not use the term British Isles and in documents drawn up jointly between the British and Irish governments, the archipelago is referred to simply as \"these islands\". Nonetheless, British Isles is still the most widely accepted term for the archipelago.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kanye West", "paragraph_text": "Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, \"George Bush doesn't care about black people.\" At this point, telethon producer Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker, who was unaware of the cut for a few seconds. Still, West's comment reached much of the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Languages of the Isle of Man", "paragraph_text": "The main language of the Isle of Man is English, predominantly the Manx English dialect. Manx, the historical language of the island, is still maintained by a very small speaker population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Sumer", "paragraph_text": "The Sumerians were a non-Semitic caucasoid people, and spoke a language isolate; a number of linguists believed they could detect a substrate language beneath Sumerian, because names of some of Sumer's major cities are not Sumerian, revealing influences of earlier inhabitants. However, the archaeological record shows clear uninterrupted cultural continuity from the time of the early Ubaid period (5300 – 4700 BC C-14) settlements in southern Mesopotamia. The Sumerian people who settled here farmed the lands in this region that were made fertile by silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD. At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "Political boundaries drawn by the British did not always reflect homogeneous ethnicities or religions, contributing to conflicts in formerly colonised areas. The British Empire was also responsible for large migrations of peoples. Millions left the British Isles, with the founding settler populations of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand coming mainly from Britain and Ireland. Tensions remain between the white settler populations of these countries and their indigenous minorities, and between white settler minorities and indigenous majorities in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Settlers in Ireland from Great Britain have left their mark in the form of divided nationalist and unionist communities in Northern Ireland. Millions of people moved to and from British colonies, with large numbers of Indians emigrating to other parts of the empire, such as Malaysia and Fiji, and Chinese people to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean. The demographics of Britain itself was changed after the Second World War owing to immigration to Britain from its former colonies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educated middle class to develop. Some scholars would extend the beginning of the period—as defined by a variety of sensibilities and political games that have come to be associated with the Victorians—back five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "White Lake Provincial Park", "paragraph_text": "White Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada and is located 10 kilometres northeast of Balmoral, British Columbia. Established in 1965, the park is just west of Cedar Creek Camp, a park owned by the not-for-profit organisation of People In Motion. The lake is popular with anglers fishing for rainbow trout; in terms of angler days, it is one of the top three fishing lakes in the province.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Western world", "paragraph_text": "The geopolitical divisions in Europe that created a concept of East and West originated in the Roman Empire. The Eastern Mediterranean was home to the highly urbanized cultures that had Greek as their common language (owing to the older empire of Alexander the Great and of the Hellenistic successors), whereas the West was much more rural in its character and more readily adopted Latin as its common language. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Western and Central Europe were substantially cut off from the East where Byzantine Greek culture and Eastern Christianity became founding influences in the Arab / Muslim world and among the Eastern and Southern Slavic peoples. Roman Catholic Western and Central Europe, as such, maintained a distinct identity particularly as it began to redevelop during the Renaissance. Even following the Protestant Reformation, Protestant Europe continued to see itself as more tied to Roman Catholic Europe than other parts of the perceived civilized world.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The term British Isles is controversial in Ireland, where there are objections to its usage due to the association of the word British with Ireland. The Government of Ireland does not recognise or use the term and its embassy in London discourages its use. As a result, Britain and Ireland is used as an alternative description, and Atlantic Archipelago has had limited use among a minority in academia, although British Isles is still commonly employed. Within them, they are also sometimes referred to as these islands.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 92903, "question": "where does the term the west come from", "answer": "the Roman Empire", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 35376, "question": "The people that lived in the British Isles during the #1 era spoke which language?", "answer": "Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ayandegan", "paragraph_text": "Ayandegan ( lit. \"The Future People\") was one of the most influential and popular daily newspapers in Iran during Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's rule. The paper was founded in 1967 by Daryoush Homayoun. From its start in 1967 to 1977 he also edited the paper, which held a liberal stance. The paper had its headquarters in Tehran. Following the 1979 revolution, on 8 August 1979, the revolutionary prosecutor banned the newspaper.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Indianapolis 500", "paragraph_text": "The event, billed as The Greatest Spectacle in Racing, is considered part of the Triple Crown of Motorsport, which comprises three of the most prestigious motorsports events in the world, also including the Monaco Grand Prix and the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The official attendance is not disclosed by Speedway management, but the permanent seating capacity is upwards of 250,000, and infield patrons raise the race - day attendance to approximately 300,000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Johor Circuit", "paragraph_text": "Johor Circuit is the motorsport race track in Johor, Malaysia. It was the first motosport track in Malaysia located in Pasir Gudang.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ernest Carroll Moore", "paragraph_text": "Ernest Carroll Moore (1871–1955) was an American educator. He co-founded the University of California, Southern Branch, in Los Angeles, California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Totò and Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Totò and Carolina () is a 1955 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli and starring Totò. The film was banned when it was first released, as it made fun of a policeman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "George William McClelland", "paragraph_text": "George William McClelland (1880−1955) was an American educator, provost of the University of Pennsylvania from 1939 to 1944, and president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1944 to 1948.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Motorsport racecourses and events were banned in Switzerland following the 1955 Le Mans disaster with exception to events such as Hillclimbing. During this period, the country still produced successful racing drivers such as Clay Regazzoni, Sébastien Buemi, Jo Siffert, Dominique Aegerter, successful World Touring Car Championship driver Alain Menu, 2014 24 Hours of Le Mans winner Marcel Fässler and 2015 24 Hours Nürburgring winner Nico Müller. Switzerland also won the A1GP World Cup of Motorsport in 2007–08 with driver Neel Jani. Swiss motorcycle racer Thomas Lüthi won the 2005 MotoGP World Championship in the 125cc category. In June 2007 the Swiss National Council, one house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, voted to overturn the ban, however the other house, the Swiss Council of States rejected the change and the ban remains in place.Traditional sports include Swiss wrestling or \"Schwingen\". It is an old tradition from the rural central cantons and considered the national sport by some. Hornussen is another indigenous Swiss sport, which is like a cross between baseball and golf. Steinstossen is the Swiss variant of stone put, a competition in throwing a heavy stone. Practised only among the alpine population since prehistoric times, it is recorded to have taken place in Basel in the 13th century. It is also central to the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805, with its symbol the 83.5 stone named Unspunnenstein.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Antonio Vigilante", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Vigilante (born 1955) is the Deputy Special Representative for Recovery and Governance in the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL). Prior to this appointment of 6 June 2014 by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Antonio Vigilante served as the Director of the United Nations Office and the UNDP Representation Office in Brussels", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bremerton Motorsports Park", "paragraph_text": "Bremerton Motorsports Park is a multi-purpose motorsports facility located outside Bremerton and Port Orchard in the state of Washington, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bruce Wolosoff", "paragraph_text": "Bruce Wolosoff (born March 27, 1955 in New York City) is an American classical composer, pianist, and educator. He lives in Shelter Island, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Forza (series)", "paragraph_text": "Forza Forza Motorsport series logo Genres Racing Developers Turn 10 Studios Playground Games Sumo Digital Publishers Microsoft Studios Platforms Xbox, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Windows 10 Platform of origin Xbox First release Forza Motorsport May 3, 2005 Latest release Forza Motorsport 7 October 3, 2017", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Richard C. Anderson", "paragraph_text": "Richard C. Anderson (born 1934) is an American educational psychologist who has published influential research on children's reading, vocabulary growth, and story discussions that promote thinking. He is the director of the Center for the Study of Reading and professor emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Anderson is a past president of the American Educational Research Association.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Education", "paragraph_text": "In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the Swiss humanitarian Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi; the American transcendentalists Amos Bronson Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau; the founders of progressive education, John Dewey and Francis Parker; and educational pioneers such as Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner, and more recently John Caldwell Holt, Paul Goodman, Frederick Mayer, George Dennison and Ivan Illich.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Emile, or On Education", "paragraph_text": "Emile, or On Education or Émile, or Treatise on Education (French: Émile, ou De l'éducation) is a treatise on the nature of education and on the nature of man written by Jean - Jacques Rousseau, who considered it to be the ``best and most important ''of all his writings. Due to a section of the book entitled`` Profession of Faith of the Savoyard Vicar'', Emile was banned in Paris and Geneva and was publicly burned in 1762, the year of its first publication. During the French Revolution, Emile served as the inspiration for what became a new national system of education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Petrus Ramus", "paragraph_text": "Petrus Ramus (; Anglicized to Peter Ramus ; 1515 – 26 August 1572) was an influential French humanist, logician, and educational reformer. A Protestant convert, he was one of the most prominent victims of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Hot Springs Bathers", "paragraph_text": "The Hot Springs Bathers were a Cotton States League baseball team based in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States, that played from 1938 to 1941 and from 1947 to 1955. In 1938, they were affiliated with the Chicago Cubs. In 1939 and 1940, they were affiliated with the Detroit Tigers. From 1948 to 1951, they were affiliated with the Chicago White Sox. They were affiliated with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1954 and the Kansas City Athletics in 1955. From 1938 to 1941, they played at Whittington Park/Ban Johnson Park, and from 1947 to 1955 they played at Bathers Field/Jaycee Park/Majestic Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Laurence D. Wohlers", "paragraph_text": "Laurence D. Wohlers (born 1955) is Deputy Special Representative (Political) for the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on 25 April 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cheryl Machat Dorskind", "paragraph_text": "Cheryl Machat Dorskind (born 1955) is an American fine-art photographer, writer, and educator who lives and works in Westhampton, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Adrienne Monnier", "paragraph_text": "Adrienne Monnier (26 April 1892 – 19 June 1955) was a French bookseller, writer, and publisher, and an influential figure in the modernist writing scene in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Philipp Gonon", "paragraph_text": "Philipp C. Gonon (born 15 October 1955 in Flensburg, Germany) is a Swiss educationist with his main focus on vocational education and training studies and continuing education.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158641, "question": "Where was motorsport banned after 1955?", "answer": "Switzerland", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 31210, "question": "Who from #1 was an influential in education?", "answer": "Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Song of Solomon (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Song of Solomon is a 1977 novel by American author Toni Morrison. It follows the life of Macon ``Milkman ''Dead III, an African - American man living in Michigan, from birth to adulthood.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Leeuwarder Courant", "paragraph_text": "The Leeuwarder Courant is the oldest daily newspaper in the Netherlands. Founded by Abraham Ferwerda, it first appeared in 1752. The \"Leeuwarder Courant\" was the first paper in the Dutch province Friesland and its capital Leeuwarden. It is considered a \"popular\" (as opposed to \"quality\") newspaper.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "La Stampa", "paragraph_text": "La Stampa (meaning \"The Press\" in English) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin, Italy. It is distributed in Italy and other European nations. It is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Tucson has one daily newspaper, the morning Arizona Daily Star. Wick Communications publishes the daily legal paper The Daily Territorial, while Boulder, Colo.-based 10/13 Communications publishes Tucson Weekly (an \"alternative\" publication), Inside Tucson Business and the Explorer. TucsonSentinel.com is a nonprofit independent online news organization. Tucson Lifestyle Magazine, Lovin' Life News, DesertLeaf, and Zócalo Magazine are monthly publications covering arts, architecture, decor, fashion, entertainment, business, history, and other events. The Arizona Daily Wildcat is the University of Arizona's student newspaper, and the Aztec News is the Pima Community College student newspaper. The New Vision is the newspaper for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson, and the Arizona Jewish Post is the newspaper of the Jewish Federation of Southern Arizona.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Miki Kratsman", "paragraph_text": "Kratsman was born in Argentina in 1959. He immigrated to Israel with his family in 1971. He studied photography in College of Kiryat Ono. He worked as photojournalist in \"Hadashot\" newspaper until 1993, when the newspaper was closed. Kratsman joined \"Haaretz\" newspaper, where he worked until 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Collegian (Hillsdale College)", "paragraph_text": "The Collegian is the oldest college newspaper in Michigan. The paper's history traces back to 1878, when the Hillsdale Herald was first published. The administration started The Collegian in 1893 as a rival paper to the Herald.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Josiah Bailey", "paragraph_text": "Born in Warrenton, North Carolina, he grew up in Raleigh and graduated from Wake Forest College (now Wake Forest University). Before turning to a career in law, Bailey was editor of the \"Biblical Recorder\", a newspaper for North Carolina Baptists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, which is the eighteenth largest newspaper and third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, and the Philadelphia Daily News. Both newspapers were purchased from The McClatchy Company (after buying out Knight Ridder) in 2006 by Philadelphia Media Holdings and operated by the group until the organization declared bankruptcy in 2010. After two years of financial struggle, the two newspapers were sold to Interstate General Media in 2012. The two newspapers have a combined circulation of about 500,000 readers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Il Gazzettino", "paragraph_text": "Il Gazzettino is an Italian daily local newspaper, based in Mestre, Italy. It is the main newspaper in the Northeast Italy and is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism. Major tabloid newspapers in the city include: The New York Daily News, which was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson and The New York Post, founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton. The city also has a comprehensive ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages. El Diario La Prensa is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation. The New York Amsterdam News, published in Harlem, is a prominent African American newspaper. The Village Voice is the largest alternative newspaper.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Valentine Moghadam", "paragraph_text": "Valentine Moghadam was born in Tehran, Iran to an \"urban, elite family\" in 1952. After attaining her secondary education at an international school, she spent her first two years in the work force employed at a major daily newspaper, \"Kayhan\". Following her time at the newspaper, Moghadam taught English at the Imperial Air Force Language School. After these initial work experiences, Valentine Moghadam, with the support of her parents, sought a college education in the west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "La Rotonde", "paragraph_text": "La Rotonde is the official French-language student newspaper at the University of Ottawa. It is the oldest French-language student paper outside of Quebec.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Deepika (newspaper)", "paragraph_text": "Deepika, a Malayalam language newspaper, is one of the oldest newspapers published in India. Started in 1887, it is the oldest Malayalam newspaper now in circulation. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissur, Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The London Gazette", "paragraph_text": "The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the United Kingdom, in which certain statutory notices are required to be published. \"The London Gazette\" claims to be the oldest surviving English newspaper and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the UK, having been first published on 7 November 1665 as The Oxford Gazette. This claim is also made by the \"Stamford Mercury\" (1712) and \"Berrow's Worcester Journal\" (1690), because \"The Gazette\" is not a conventional newspaper offering general news coverage. It does not have a large circulation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Politika", "paragraph_text": "Politika (; ) is a Serbian daily newspaper, published in Belgrade. Founded in 1904 by Vladislav F. Ribnikar, it is the oldest daily newspaper still in circulation in the Balkans and is considered to be Serbia's newspaper of record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Louise Andrews Kent", "paragraph_text": "Louise Andrews Kent (May 25, 1886 – August 6, 1969) was an American author. She was born in Brookline, Massachusetts in 1886 and graduated from Simmons College School of Library Science in 1909, where she was president of her senior class and editor of the college paper. She became a newspaper columnist and author of children's books, cookbooks. She wrote a newspaper column, \"Theresa’s Tea Table\", in the Boston Traveller under the pen name of \"Theresa Tempest\" and later authored a series of cookbooks as \"Mrs. Appleyard\". Kent, also as \"Mrs. Appleyard\", wrote a quarterly feature on food for Vermont Life magazine for many years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "In 1880, the newspapers News and Observer combined to form The News & Observer. It remains Raleigh's primary daily newspaper. The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now known as North Carolina State University, was founded as a land-grant college in 1887. The city's Rex Hospital opened in 1889 and included the state's first nursing school. The Baptist Women's College, now known as Meredith College, opened in 1891, and in 1898, The Academy of Music, a private music conservatory, was established.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "Other major newspapers include Miami Today, headquartered in Brickell, Miami New Times, headquartered in Midtown, Miami Sun Post, South Florida Business Journal, Miami Times, and Biscayne Boulevard Times. An additional Spanish-language newspapers, Diario Las Americas also serve Miami. The Miami Herald is Miami's primary newspaper with over a million readers and is headquartered in Downtown in Herald Plaza. Several other student newspapers from the local universities, such as the oldest, the University of Miami's The Miami Hurricane, Florida International University's The Beacon, Miami-Dade College's The Metropolis, Barry University's The Buccaneer, amongst others. Many neighborhoods and neighboring areas also have their own local newspapers such as the Aventura News, Coral Gables Tribune, Biscayne Bay Tribune, and the Palmetto Bay News.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Boston Herald", "paragraph_text": "The Boston Herald is an American daily newspaper whose primary market is Boston, Massachusetts and its surrounding area. It was founded in 1846 and is one of the oldest daily newspapers in the United States. It has been awarded eight Pulitzer Prizes in its history, including four for editorial writing and three for photography before it was converted to tabloid format in 1981. The \"Herald\" was named one of the \"10 Newspapers That 'Do It Right' in 2012 by \"Editor & Publisher\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Haarlems Dagblad", "paragraph_text": "The Haarlems Dagblad is a regional newspaper in Haarlem, Netherlands. It makes claim to being the newspaper with the oldest publishing history in the world, even if this claim is based on its (forced) merger with another title.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 54284, "question": "where does milkman live in song of solomon", "answer": "Michigan", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 42689, "question": "what college newspaper refers to itself as the oldest college newspaper in #1", "answer": "The Collegian", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Baseball at the 1984 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Baseball at the 1984 Summer Olympics was a demonstration sport. Although single exhibition games had been played in conjunction with five previous Olympics, it was the first time that the sport was officially included in the program, and also the first time that the sport was played in Olympics held in the United States. Eight teams competed in Los Angeles, California in the tournament. Games were held at Dodger Stadium. Cuba, after winning the gold medal at the 1983 Pan American Games, was to participate, but did not as a result of the Soviet-led boycott.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Winter Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The Olympic Winter Games (official name) (French: Jeux olympiques d'hiver) is a major international sporting event held once every four years, for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The original five sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948. Until 1992 the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four - year cycles in alternating even - numbered years, the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Basque pelota at the 1924 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Basque Pelota was a demonstration sport at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the second time that the sport was included in the Olympic program; it was an official Olympic sport at the 1900 Games that were also held in Paris. It would be included as a demonstration in another two occasions at the 1968 Games in Mexico City and the 1992 Games in Barcelona.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "1936 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 1936 Summer Olympics (German: Olympische Sommerspiele 1936), officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. Berlin won the bid to host the Games over Barcelona, Spain, on 26 April 1931, at the 29th IOC Session in Barcelona (two years before the Nazis came to power). It marked the second and final time the International Olympic Committee gathered to vote in a city that was bidding to host those Games.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "1896 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 1896 Summer Olympics (Modern Greek: Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1896, Therinoí Olympiakoí Agó̱nes 1896), officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, was the first international Olympic Games held in modern history. Organised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which had been created by Pierre de Coubertin, it was held in Athens, Greece, from 6 to 15 April 1896.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is notable as the host city for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games (the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere and Oceania, with all previous games held in Europe and the United States), along with the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Melbourne is so far the southernmost city to host the games. The city is home to three major annual international sporting events: the Australian Open (one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments); the Melbourne Cup (horse racing); and the Australian Grand Prix (Formula One). Also, the Australian Masters golf tournament is held at Melbourne since 1979, having been co-sanctioned by the European Tour from 2006 to 2009. Melbourne was proclaimed the \"World's Ultimate Sports City\", in 2006, 2008 and 2010. The city is home to the National Sports Museum, which until 2003 was located outside the members pavilion at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. It reopened in 2008 in the Olympic Stand.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of Olympic Games host cities", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games, both summer and winter, since the modern Olympics began in 1896. Since then, summer games have usually -- but not always -- celebrated a four - year period known as an Olympiad. There have been 28 Summer Olympic Games held in 24 cities, and 23 Winter Olympic Games held in 20 cities. In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the Games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916; Tokyo / Helsinki (summer) and Sapporo / Garmisch - Partenkirchen (winter) in 1940; and London (summer) and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy (winter) in 1944. The 1906 Summer Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens. However, in 1949, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games. Four cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Tokyo for the 2020 Summer Olympics, Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympics, Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming", "paragraph_text": "The men's underwater swimming was an event on the Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics schedule in Paris. The 1900 Games were the only occasion such an event was held. It was held on 12 August 1900. 14 swimmers from 4 nations competed. It was not featured at later Olympic games because of lack of spectator appeal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ancient Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The ancient Olympics had fewer events than the modern games, and only freeborn Greek men were allowed to participate, although there were victorious women chariot owners. As long as they met the entrance criteria, athletes from any Greek city - state and kingdom were allowed to participate, although the Hellanodikai, the officials in charge, allowed king Alexander I of Macedon to participate in the games only after he had proven his Greek ancestry. The games were always held at Olympia rather than moving between different locations as is the practice with the modern Olympic Games. Victors at the Olympics were honored, and their feats chronicled for future generations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2024 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2024 Summer Olympics (French: Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 2024), officially known as the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad, and commonly known as Paris 2024, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event which will be hosted in Paris from 2 to 18 August 2024. Having previously hosted the 1900 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics, Paris will become the second city after London (1908, 1948 and 2012) to host the Olympic Games three times. 2024 will also mark the centennial of the 1924 Summer Olympics, which were held in the same city, and was the last time Paris held the Olympic Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Isaac Peral", "paragraph_text": "Isaac Peral y Caballero (Cartagena, 1 June 1851 – 22 May 1895, Berlin), was a Spanish engineer, naval officer and designer of the Peral Submarine. He joined the Spanish navy in 1866, and developed the first electric-powered submarine which was launched in 1888, but it was not accepted by the naval authorities. He then left the navy to develop other inventions commercially.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (Korean: 제 23 회동계올림픽, translit. Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik), officially stylized and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, is an international multi-sport event currently being held from 9 to 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony -- 8 February 2018. Pyeongchang was elected as the host in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. It marks the first time South Korea has hosted the Winter Olympics, and the second Olympics in the country overall after the 1988 Summer Olympics in the nation's capital, Seoul. It also marks the third time East Asia has hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo, Japan (1972), and Nagano, Japan (1998), and the sixth overall Olympic Games held in East Asia. It is the first of three consecutive Olympic Games scheduled to be held in East Asia, preceding Tokyo 2020 (Summer) and Beijing 2022 (Winter).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "List of Olympic Games host cities", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games, both summer and winter, since the modern Olympics began in 1896. Since then, summer games have usually -- but not always -- celebrated a four - year period known as an Olympiad. There have been 28 Summer Olympic Games held in 23 cities, and 23 Winter Olympic Games held in 20 cities. In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the Games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916; Tokyo / Helsinki (summer) and Sapporo / Garmisch - Partenkirchen (winter) in 1940; and London (summer) and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy (winter) in 1944. The 1906 Summer Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens. However, in 1949, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games. Four cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Tokyo for the 2020 Summer Olympics, Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympics, Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "List of Olympic Games host cities", "paragraph_text": "Below is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games, both summer and winter, since the modern Olympics began in 1896. Since then, summer games have usually -- but not always -- celebrated a four - year period known as an Olympiad. There have been 28 Summer Olympic Games held in 23 cities, and 23 Winter Olympic Games held in 20 cities. In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the Games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916; Tokyo / Helsinki (summer) and Sapporo / Garmisch - Partenkirchen (winter) in 1940; and London (summer) and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy (winter) in 1944. The 1906 Summer Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens. However, in 1949, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games. Four cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Tokyo for the 2020 Summer Olympics, Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympics, Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "1936 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (French: Les IVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) (German: Olympische Winterspiele 1936), were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Bavaria, Germany. Germany also hosted that year's Summer Olympics in Berlin. 1936 is the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games were both held in the same country (the cancelled 1940 Games would have been held in Japan, with that country likewise hosting the Winter and Summer games).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (Korean: 제 23 회동계올림픽, translit. Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was a major multi-sport event held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the eve of the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This marks the first time South Korea has hosted the Winter Olympics, and the second time the Olympic games have been held in the country, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It also marks the third time East Asia has hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo, Japan (1972), and Nagano, Japan (1998), and the sixth overall Olympic Games held in East Asia. It was the first of three consecutive Olympic Games to be held in East Asia, preceding Tokyo 2020 (Summer) and Beijing 2022 (Winter).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Baseball at the 2000 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Baseball at the 2000 Summer Olympics was the third time an Olympic baseball tournament had been held as a full medal sport, and the ninth time it had been part of the Summer Olympic Games in any capacity. It was held in Sydney, Australia from 17 September through to the bronze and gold medal games on 27 September. Two venues were used for the Games: the Sydney Baseball Stadium and Blacktown Olympic Park. For the first time in Olympic competition, professional baseball players were eligible to participate, though no active players from Major League Baseball were available.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "1908 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London, United Kingdom from 27 April to 31 October 1908.These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome, but were re-located on financial grounds following a disastrous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906. They were the fourth chronological modern Olympic Games in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle as opposed to the alternate four-year cycle of the proposed Intercalated Games. The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Lasting a total of 187 days, or 6 months and 4 days, these games were the longest in modern Olympics history.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145625, "question": "At what location did Isaac Peral die?", "answer": "Berlin", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 77801, "question": "when were the olympic games held in #1", "answer": "1936 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "Games of the XI Olympiad", "The Games of the XI Olympiad" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pope John III of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "Marwan I made his sons governors over all the provinces. He appointed his son Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan governor of Egypt and his eldest son Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan as governor of Damascus, who later became the successor to his father.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Swan song", "paragraph_text": "The swan song (ancient Greek: κύκνειον ᾆσμα; Latin: carmen cygni) is a metaphorical phrase for a final gesture, effort, or performance given just before death or retirement. The phrase refers to an ancient belief that swans (Cygnus spp.) sing a beautiful song just before they are to die, having been silent (or alternatively, not so musical) during most of their lifetime. This belief, whose basis in actuality is long - debated, had become proverbial in ancient Greece by the 3rd century BC, and was reiterated many times in later Western poetry and art.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Jia'ao", "paragraph_text": "Jia'ao (, died 541 BC) was from 544 to 541 BC the king of Chu, a major power during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China. Born Xiong Yuan (), he succeeded his father King Kang of Chu who died in 545 BC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ngua Nam Thum", "paragraph_text": "Ngua Nam Thum (, ) was a king of Sukhothai, an ancient kingdom in Thailand. He was from the House of Phra Ruang.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Umayyad Caliphate", "paragraph_text": "Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qays, who supported Ibn al-Zubayr, and the Quda'a, who supported Marwan, a descendant of Umayya via Wa'il ibn Umayyah. The partisans of Marwan triumphed at a battle at Marj Rahit, near Damascus, in 684, and Marwan became caliph shortly thereafter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tai Jia", "paragraph_text": "Tai Jia () or Da Jia, personal name Zhi (), was the son of Prince Da Ding (son of King Tang) and a king of the ancient Chinese Shang dynasty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Porrex II", "paragraph_text": "Porrex II was a legendary king of the Britons as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\". His father was King Millus and he was succeeded by his son, Cherin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "King Wu of Zhou", "paragraph_text": "King Wu of Zhou () was the first king of the Zhou dynasty of ancient China. The chronology of his reign is disputed but is generally thought to have begun around 1046 BC and ended three years later in 1043 BC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Edadus", "paragraph_text": "Edadus was a legendary king of the Britons as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his \"Historia Regum Britanniae\". He was the second son of King Cherin and succeeded by his brother Andragius.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Catellus", "paragraph_text": "Catellus () was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's work \"Historia Regum Britanniae\". According to Geoffrey, he was the son of King Gerennus and was succeeded by his son, Millus. In some versions of the \"Brut y Brenhinedd\", a series of Welsh versions of Geoffrey's \"Historia\", Catellus is succeeded by his son Coel, who is then succeeded by his own son Porrex II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sparatocos", "paragraph_text": "Sparatocos (Ancient Greek, Σπαράδοκος) was a king of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace from ca. 450 BC to before 431 BC, succeeding his father, Teres I.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Gongbo", "paragraph_text": "Gongbo (, died 845 BC) was the third ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Qin, founded when his grandfather Feizi was granted a small fief at Qin by King Xiao of Zhou. Gongbo succeeded his father, the Marquis of Qin, who died in 848 BC, and ruled for three years. He died in 845 BC and was succeeded by his son Qin Zhong.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Alcidice", "paragraph_text": "Alcidice (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκιδίκη) was in Greek mythology the daughter of Aleus, king of Arcadia. She married Salmoneus, king of Elis and bore a daughter, Tyro. After her death Salmoneus married Sidero.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Umayyad Caliphate", "paragraph_text": "Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwards. Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749, the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq, Wasit, was placed under siege, and in November of the same year Abu al-Abbas was recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa.[citation needed] At this point Marwan mobilized his troops from Harran and advanced toward Iraq. In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab, and the Umayyads were defeated. Damascus fell to the Abbasids in April, and in August, Marwan was killed in Egypt.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Pope John III of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "During his papacy the Muslim ruler in Damascus was Marwan I as after the death of Yazid, the son of Mu'âwiyah and his son Muawiya II, Marwan I took control of the East and of Egypt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Xiong Dan", "paragraph_text": "Xiong Dan (, reigned c. 941 BC) was the third viscount of the state of Chu during the early Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. His grandfather Xiong Yi was enfeoffed by King Cheng of Zhou and granted the hereditary noble rank of viscount. Xiong Dan succeeded his father Xiong Ai.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Niqmi-Epuh", "paragraph_text": "Niqmi-Epuh, also given as Niqmepa (reigned - Middle chronology ) was the king of Yamhad (Halab) succeeding his father Yarim-Lim II", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Alexander the Great", "paragraph_text": "Alexander III of Macedon (20 / 21 July 356 BC -- 10 / 11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας, translit. Aléxandros ho Mégas, Koine Greek: (a. lék. san. dros ho mé. gas)), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of twenty. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and he created one of the largest empires of the ancient world by the age of thirty, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Da Ding", "paragraph_text": "Tai Ding or Da Ding () was the eldest son of King Tang but sources are conflicted as to whether he actually succeeded his father as a Shang dynasty King of China or not.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cherin", "paragraph_text": "Cherin was a legendary king of the Britons as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\". His father was King Porrex II and he was succeeded by his three sons in turn, Fulgenius, Edadus, and Andragius.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 16577, "question": "Where did Marwan die?", "answer": "Egypt", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 158841, "question": "Who succeeded Shepseskaf as king of ancient #1 ?", "answer": "Userkaf", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ahmad Dhani", "paragraph_text": "Ahmad Dhani was born in Surabaya, Indonesia, as the first of three children of Eddy Abdul Manaf bin Rusta Sastra Atmadja, a Sundanese diplomat origin from Garut, West Java, and Joyce Theresia Pamela Kohler, an Indonesian Ashkenazi Jewish descent. His grandfather, Jan Pieter Friederich Kohler, was an Ashkenazi Jew, born in the then-Dutch-occupied country in 1883.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ivan Levaï", "paragraph_text": "Ivan Levaï (born 18 March 1937 in Budapest) is a journalist in France. He has occupied many positions in radio, television and press journalism. For several years he presented the review of the press in the morning news show on France Inter radio. As of 2011 he presents a press review on France Inter on Saturday and Sunday mornings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "Southampton was named \"fittest city in the UK\" in 2006 by Men's Fitness magazine. The results were based on the incidence of heart disease, the amount of junk food and alcohol consumed, and the level of gym membership. In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks and green spaces available for exercise and the amount of television watched by Sotonians was the lowest in the country. Speedway racing took place at Banister Court Stadium in the pre-war era. It returned in the 1940s after WW2 and the Saints operated until the stadium closed down at the end of 1963. A training track operated in the 1950s in the Hamble area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Moog synthesizer", "paragraph_text": "Moog synthesizer (pronounced ; often anglicized to , though Robert Moog preferred the former) may refer to any number of analog synthesizers designed by Robert Moog or manufactured by Moog Music, and is commonly used as a generic term for older-generation analog music synthesizers. The Moog company pioneered the commercial manufacture of modular voltage-controlled analog synthesizer systems in the mid 1960s. The technological development that led to the creation of the Moog synthesizer was the invention of the transistor, which enabled researchers like Moog to build electronic music systems that were considerably smaller, cheaper and far more reliable than earlier vacuum tube-based systems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Peter Armbruster", "paragraph_text": "Peter Armbruster (born 25 July 1931 in Dachau, Bavaria) is a physicist at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) facility in Darmstadt, Germany, and is credited with co-discovering elements 107 (bohrium), 108 (hassium), 109 (meitnerium), 110 (darmstadtium), 111 (roentgenium), and 112 (copernicium) with research partner Gottfried Münzenberg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "La Grande Vadrouille", "paragraph_text": "La Grande Vadrouille (; literally \"The Great Stroll\"; originally released in the United States as Don't Look Now... We're Being Shot At!) is a 1966 French comedy film about two ordinary Frenchmen helping the crew of a Royal Air Force bomber shot down over Paris make their way through German-occupied France to escape arrest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Moon Is Down", "paragraph_text": "The Moon Is Down is a novel by American writer John Steinbeck. Fashioned for adaptation for the theatre and for which Steinbeck received the Norwegian King Haakon VII Freedom Cross, it was published by Viking Press in March 1942. The story tells of the military occupation of a small town in Northern Europe by the army of an unnamed nation at war with England and Russia (much like the occupation of Norway by the Germans during World War II). A French language translation of the book was published illegally in Nazi-occupied France by Les Éditions de Minuit, a French Resistance publishing house. Furthermore, numerous other editions were also secretly published across all of occupied Europe, including Norwegian, Danish, Dutch, and Italian versions (as well as a Swedish version); it was the best known work of U.S. literature in the Soviet Union during the war. Although the text never names the occupying force as German, references to \"The Leader\", \"Memories of defeats in Belgium and France 20 years ago\" clearly suggest it. Written with a purpose to motivate and enthuse the resistance movements in occupied countries, the book has appeared in at least 92 editions across the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Roentgenium", "paragraph_text": "Roentgenium was first synthesized by an international team led by Sigurd Hofmann at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, on December 8, 1994. The team bombarded a target of bismuth-209 with accelerated nuclei of nickel-64 and detected three nuclei of the isotope roentgenium-272:", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Free France", "paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "The Necklace", "paragraph_text": "``The Necklace ''La Parure, illustration of the title page of the Gil Blas, 8 October 1893 Author Guy de Maupassant Original title`` La Parure'' Country France Genre (s) Short story Publication date 1884", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "David Profumo", "paragraph_text": "Profumo was born in London, the son of former British government minister John Profumo and his wife, actress Valerie Hobson. The Profumo family is of Italian origin. David Profumo would have succeeded his father as 6th Baron Profumo in the nobility of the Kingdom of Sardinia, if the nobility of Italy had not been legally abolished after WW2. Like his father, he does not use this title.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japanese blackmail, before being occupied by Japanese troops. Thailand has been treated by the United States in the same way as such other Axis-occupied countries as Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Beat It", "paragraph_text": "Michael Jackson -- lead vocals, background vocals, drum case beater Paul Jackson Jr. -- rhythm guitar Steve Lukather -- lead guitar, bass guitar Eddie Van Halen -- guitar solo Steve Porcaro -- synthesizer, synthesizer programming Greg Phillinganes -- Rhodes, synthesizer Bill Wolfer -- keyboards Tom Bahler -- Synclavier Jeff Porcaro -- drums", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Flavigny Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Flavigny Abbey is a former Benedictine monastery, now occupied by the Dominicans, in Flavigny-sur-Ozerain, Côte-d'Or \"département\", France. The monks at this abbey were the original makers of the well-known aniseed confectionery \"Anise de Flavigny\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Burundian franc", "paragraph_text": "The franc became the currency of Burundi in 1916, when Belgium occupied the former German colony and replaced the German East African rupie with the Belgian Congo franc. Burundi used the currency of Belgian Congo until 1960, when the Rwanda and Burundi franc was introduced. Burundi began issuing its own francs in 1964.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "German military administration in occupied France during World War II", "paragraph_text": "Military Administration in France Militärverwaltung in Frankreich Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne 1940 -- 1944 Flag Emblem German (pink) and Italian (green) occupation zones of France: the zone occupée, the zone libre, the zone interdite, the Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France, and annexed Alsace - Lorraine. Status Territory under German military administration Capital Paris Military Commander 1940 -- 1942 Otto von Stülpnagel 1942 -- 1944 Carl - Heinrich von Stülpnagel 1944 Karl Kitzinger Historical era World War II Second Compiègne armistice 22 June 1940 Case Anton 11 November 1942 Liberation of Paris 25 August 1944 Preceded by Succeeded by French Third Republic Provisional Government of the French Republic", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Day and the Hour", "paragraph_text": "The Day and the Hour () is a 1963 French war-time drama film directed by René Clément and starring Simone Signoret and Stuart Whitman. Set in occupied France in 1944 a French woman finds herself helping a downed American pilot as he searches for a way to leave the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kingdom of Navarre", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Navarre (; Basque: Nafarroako Erresuma, Spanish: Reino de Navarra, French: Royaume de Navarre, Latin: Regnum Navarrae), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (Basque: Iruñeko Erresuma), was a Basque-based kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158922, "question": "In what country was Roentgenium originally synthesized?", "answer": "Germany", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 68056, "question": "when was france occupied by #1 in ww2", "answer": "1940 -- 1944", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Alles außer Sex", "paragraph_text": "Alles außer Sex (Sex & More) is a German comedy drama television series which aired on the TV station ProSieben between 2005 and 2006. The German television premiered on 9 November 2005 with an audience of 2.9 million viewers. Thematically, it is similar to the American television series \"Sex and the City\" and the British series \"Coupling\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Tremont Street subway", "paragraph_text": "The Tremont Street Subway in Boston's MBTA Subway system is the oldest subway tunnel in North America and the third oldest worldwide to exclusively use electric traction (after the City and South London Railway in 1890, and the Budapest Metro's Line 1 in 1896), opening on September 1, 1897. It was originally built to get streetcar lines off the traffic - clogged streets, instead of as a true rapid transit line. It now forms the central part of the Green Line, connecting Boylston Street to Park Street and Government Center stations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Robert Benjamin Lewis", "paragraph_text": "After living for almost twenty years in the city of Hallowell, Robert Benjamin Lewis moved his family to the city of Bath, Maine, about 1848, where he built a cottage near the Sagadahoc County court house on Lincoln street.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "School of Sex", "paragraph_text": "School of Sex is an instructional Playboy TV adult reality series hosted by Tera Patrick. It describes various sexual positions and experiences with demonstrations by live actors. The show specifically targets couples, offering information in a way intended to enhance their sex lives.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Carol Queen", "paragraph_text": "Carol Queen is an American author, editor, sociologist and sexologist active in the sex-positive feminism movement. Queen has written on human sexuality in books such as \"Real Live Nude Girl: Chronicles of Sex-Positive Culture\". She has written a sex tutorial, \"Exhibitionism for the Shy: Show Off, Dress Up and Talk Hot\", as well as erotica, such as the novel \"The Leather Daddy and the Femme\". Queen has produced adult movies, events, workshops and lectures. Queen was featured as an instructor and star in both installments of the \"Bend Over Boyfriend\" series about female-to-male anal sex, or pegging. She has also served as editor for compilations and anthologies. She is a sex-positive sex educator in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Diamant premetro station", "paragraph_text": "The Diamant premetro station is a station on the Brussels Metro located in the municipality of Schaerbeek in Brussels, Belgium. It was inaugurated on May 2, 1972. The station is a \"premetro\" station. It is thus not used by conventional subway trains, but by Brussels trams. It is one of four subway stations of the so-called Greater Ring axis built in the 1970s, which runs under the greater ring road. This underground station is currently served by tram routes 7 and 25. It offers a connection with bus routes 12, 21, 28, 29 and 79 at ground level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ilsan Line", "paragraph_text": "Ilsan Line is a subway line operated by Seoul Metropolitan Subway, in Seoul, South Korea. It is part of Seoul Metro's Line 3.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The iconic New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 469, and by length of routes. New York's subway is notable for nearly the entire system remaining open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong, London, Paris, Seoul, and Tokyo. The New York City Subway is also the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere, with 1.75 billion passengers rides in 2014, while Grand Central Terminal, also popularly referred to as \"Grand Central Station\", is the world's largest railway station by number of train platforms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chris Noth", "paragraph_text": "Christopher David Noth (/ noʊθ / NOHTH; born November 13, 1954) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles as Detective Mike Logan on Law & Order (1990 -- 95), Big on Sex and the City (1998 -- 2004), and Peter Florrick on The Good Wife (2009 -- 16). He reprised his role of Mike Logan on Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2005 -- 08), and reprised his role of Big in the films, Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010). He was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television for Sex and the City in 1999 and for The Good Wife in 2010. Chris Noth also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Willie Garson", "paragraph_text": "William Garson Paszamant (born February 20, 1964) is an American actor. He has appeared in over 75 films, and more than 300 TV episodes. He is known for playing Stanford Blatch on the HBO series Sex and the City and in the related films Sex and the City and Sex and the City 2, and for his role as Mozzie, in the USA Network series White Collar from 2009 to 2014. He appears on Hawaii Five - 0 as Gerard Hirsch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sex and the City", "paragraph_text": "The series still airs in syndication worldwide. It spawned two feature films, Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010), and a prequel television series commissioned by The CW, The Carrie Diaries (2013 -- 2014).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kristin Davis", "paragraph_text": "Kristin Landen Davis (also listed as Kristin Lee Davis; born February 23, 1965) is an American actress. She is known for playing Brooke Armstrong on the soap opera Melrose Place (1995 -- 1996), and Charlotte York Goldenblatt on HBO's Sex and the City (1998 -- 2004). She received a 2004 Emmy Award nomination for her role as Charlotte, and reprised the role in the films Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Fresno, California", "paragraph_text": "There were 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 69,284 (43.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 30,547 (19.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11,698 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 12,843 (8.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1,388 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 35,064 households (22.1%) were made up of individuals and 12,344 (7.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.62.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chris Noth", "paragraph_text": "Christopher David Noth (/ noʊθ / NOHTH; born November 13, 1954) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles as Detective Mike Logan on Law & Order (1990 -- 95), Big on Sex and the City (1998 -- 2004), and Peter Florrick on The Good Wife (2009 -- 16). He reprised his role of Mike Logan on Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2005 -- 08), and reprised his role of Big in the films, Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010). He was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television for Sex and the City in 1999 and for The Good Wife in 2010. Chris Noth also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City. He also portrayed Pompey the Great, in the 2003 miniseries Julius Caesar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Freak Talks About Sex", "paragraph_text": "Freak Talks About Sex, released for home video as Blowin' Smoke (its working title was \"Syracuse Muse\"), is a 1999 film starring Steve Zahn and Josh Hamilton. The movie was shot in Auburn and Syracuse, New York. It deals with issues such as love, sex, life after college, and living in a medium-sized city, in this case Syracuse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "I Knew I Loved You", "paragraph_text": "The music video was filmed by director Kevin Bray in August 1999 on a New York City Subway set that had previously been used on the sitcom Seinfeld. It features Hayes playing out a romantic plot on a subway train, with a female passenger (played by American actress Kirsten Dunst) as the object of his affections.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sex Lives", "paragraph_text": "Sex Lives is an adult roommate reality series that aired on Playboy TV. It revolved around the experiences of six female strangers forced to live together and endure erotic challenges in Miami, Florida.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sex and the City", "paragraph_text": "Set and filmed in New York City and based on the 1997 book of the same name by Candace Bushnell, the show follows the lives of a group of four women -- three in their mid-thirties and one in her forties -- who, despite their different natures and ever - changing sex lives, remain inseparable and confide in each other. Starring Sarah Jessica Parker (as Carrie Bradshaw), Kim Cattrall (as Samantha Jones), Kristin Davis (as Charlotte York), and Cynthia Nixon (as Miranda Hobbes), the quirky series had multiple continuing storylines that tackled relevant and modern social issues such as sexuality, safe sex, promiscuity, and femininity, while exploring the difference between friendships and romantic relationships. The deliberate omission of the better part of the early lives of the four women was the writers' way of exploring social life -- from sex to relationships -- through each of their four very different, individual perspectives.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "Multibillion US$ heavy-rail transit projects under construction in New York City include the Second Avenue Subway, the East Side Access project, and the 7 Subway Extension.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Aqueduct Racetrack station", "paragraph_text": "Aqueduct Racetrack is a station on the IND Rockaway Line of the New York City Subway. Located on the west side of Aqueduct Racetrack near Pitkin Avenue in Ozone Park, Queens, it is served by northbound A trains at all times.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 92470, "question": "where did they live in sex and the city", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 90942, "question": "when were the subways built in #1", "answer": "October 27, 1904", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Disappearing Acts", "paragraph_text": "Disappearing Acts is a 2000 romantic drama directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood, and stars Sanaa Lathan and Wesley Snipes. The film is an adaptation of the \"New York Times\" best-selling novel \"Disappearing Acts\" by Terry McMillan and originally aired on HBO on December 9, 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition", "paragraph_text": "For the next 33 years, the fate of the expedition was shrouded in mystery and its disappearance became part of the cultural lore in Sweden and to a certain extent elsewhere. It was actively sought for a couple of years and remained the subject of myth and rumor, with frequent international newspaper reports of possible findings. An extensive archive of American newspaper reports from the first few years, 1896–1899, titled \"The Mystery of Andree\", shows a much richer media interest in the expedition after it disappeared than before. A great variety of fates are suggested for it, inspired by finds, or reported finds, of remnants of what might be a balloon basket or great amounts of balloon silk, or by stories of men falling from the sky, or visions by psychics, all of which would typically locate the stranded balloon far from Danes Island and Svalbard.Lundström points out that some of the international and national reports took on the features of urban legends. They reflected a prevailing disrespect for the indigenous peoples of the Arctic, who were portrayed in the newspapers as uncomprehending savages who had killed the three men or showed a deadly indifference to their plight. These speculations were refuted in 1930, upon the discovery of the expedition's final resting place on Kvitøya by the crews of two ships, the Bratvaag and the Isbjørn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary", "paragraph_text": "Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and estuary located in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the rarest eco-regions of the world because it harbors vast tracts of pristine mangrove forests. It is believed by conservationists to be one of the last remaining tracts of thick primary mangrove forests of South India, which is rapidly disappearing due to absence of protective measures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Mont Collon", "paragraph_text": "Mont Collon (3,637 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. Its glaciated north face dominates the view south from the village of Arolla.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "At present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year tourism is integral to the Alpine economy with much it coming from winter sports although summer visitors are an important component of the tourism industry.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance", "paragraph_text": "The 1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance involved a Douglas R6D-1 Liftmaster (BuNo 131588) of the United States Navy which disappeared over the Atlantic Ocean on 10 October 1956 with the loss of all 59 people on board.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Grand Lake (Colorado)", "paragraph_text": "Grand Lake is Colorado's largest and deepest natural lake. It is located in the headwaters of the Colorado River in Grand County, Colorado. On its north shore is located the historic and eponymous town of Grand Lake. The lake fills a glaciated valley that is dammed in part by glacial till from the Pinedale Glaciation, and is younger than about 12,000 years. Natural tributaries to the lake are the North Inlet and East Inlet, both of which flow out of Rocky Mountain National Park, which surrounds the lake on three sides: Grand Lake is located 1 mile from the Park's western entrance. Grand Lake was named Spirit Lake by the Ute Tribe because they believed the lake's cold waters to be the dwelling place of departed souls.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Among the Dust of Thieves", "paragraph_text": "Among the Dust of Thieves is a 2013 American drama film about the 1896 disappearance of Albert Jennings Fountain, directed by Sean Pilcher. The film dramatizes the days leading up to Fountain’s disappearance near White Sands, New Mexico and the first, unsuccessful investigation of his apparent murder by John C. Fraser of the Pinkerton Agency. The film strongly suggests that Fountain’s disappearance was directly linked to his prosecution of Oliver M. Lee for cattle rustling. The narrative switches from Fountain’s investigation and arrest of Lee culminating in Fountain’s disappearance, to Fraser’s investigation, which concludes after a shootout at Lee’s ranch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Whitemantle Range", "paragraph_text": "The Whitemantle Range is a subrange of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia. Located between the heads of Bute Inlet on the east and Knight Inlet on the west, it is extremely rugged and glaciated. Its highest summit is Whitemantle Mountain 2985 m (9793 ft).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Franz Josef Land", "paragraph_text": "Eighty-five percent of the archipelago is glaciated, with large unglaciated areas being located on the largest islands and many of the smallest islands. The islands have a combined coastline of 4,425 kilometers (2,750 mi). Compared to other Arctic archipelagos, Franz Josef Land has a high dissection rate of 3.6 square kilometers per coastline kilometer. Cape Fligely on Rudolf Island is the northernmost point of the Eastern Hemisphere. The highest elevations are found in the eastern group, with the highest point located on Wiener Neustadt Land, 670 meters (2,200 ft) above mean sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of A Different World characters", "paragraph_text": "Millicent (``Millie '') (Marie - Alise Recasner): Whitley's confidante and only friend for much of season one, involved in serious relationship with Ron, disappeared after season one (last name unrevealed).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Volcano (British Columbia)", "paragraph_text": "The Volcano, also known as Lava Fork volcano, is a small cinder cone in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located approximately northwest of the small community of Stewart near the head of Lava Fork. With a summit elevation of and a topographic prominence of , it rises above the surrounding rugged landscape on a remote mountain ridge that represents the northern flank of a glaciated U-shaped valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Chancellor Manuscript", "paragraph_text": "The Chancellor Manuscript is a 1977 novel, by American writer Robert Ludlum, about the alleged secret files of J. Edgar Hoover and how they disappeared after his death, and how they possibly could be used to force people in high places to do the bidding of those who possessed the secrets contained therein. It also speculated that Hoover himself might have been assassinated because he knew too much about too many of the wrong people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Last Glacial Period", "paragraph_text": "The last glacial period, popularly known as the Ice Age, was the most recent glacial period, which occurred from c. 110,000 -- c. 11,700 years ago. This most recent glacial period is part of a larger pattern of glacial and interglacial periods known as the Quaternary glaciation (c. 2,588,000 years ago to present). From this point of view, scientists consider this ``ice age ''to be merely the latest glaciation event in a much larger ice age, one that dates back over two million years and is still ongoing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Karl Renner Haus", "paragraph_text": "The Karl Renner Haus is a former mountain hut and now a sport hotel in the Kitzbühel Alps in Austria. It lies in the upper Saalach valley (Land Salzburg) on the edge of Saalbach-Hinterglemm at about 1,100 m above sea level and is managed by the Friends of Nature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "High levels of precipitation cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas whereas in other, more arid regions, glaciers remain above about the 3,500 m (11,483 ft) level. The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) by 1973, resulting in decreased river run-off levels. Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Rhine", "paragraph_text": "Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages. Since approximately 600,000 years ago, six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (390 ft) and much of the continental margins became exposed. In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course to the northwest, through the present North Sea. During the so-called Anglian glaciation (~450,000 yr BP, marine oxygen isotope stage 12), the northern part of the present North Sea was blocked by the ice and a large lake developed, that overflowed through the English Channel. This caused the Rhine's course to be diverted through the English Channel. Since then, during glacial times, the river mouth was located offshore of Brest, France and rivers, like the Thames and the Seine, became tributaries to the Rhine. During interglacials, when sea level rose to approximately the present level, the Rhine built deltas, in what is now the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kleybolte Peninsula", "paragraph_text": "Kleybolte Peninsula is a heavily glaciated peninsula in northwestern Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It juts into the Arctic Ocean. During Otto Sverdrup's expedition of 1899–1902, the peninsula was the northernmost point achieved.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway", "paragraph_text": "The Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway (MSG) is a hiking trail that traverses the highlands of southern New Hampshire from Mount Monadnock in Jaffrey to Mount Sunapee in Newbury. Located approximately from the city of Concord, New Hampshire, the trail traverses a rural, heavily glaciated and metamorphic upland studded with lakes, heath barrens, the rocky summits of several monadnocks, and dense woodland of the northern hardwood forest type. The trail is maintained primarily through the efforts of the Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway Trail Club.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 9508, "question": "Where is Saalbach located?", "answer": "Austria", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 9426, "question": "How much of the glaciation in #1 disappeared?", "answer": "Forty percent", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Godfather (film series)", "paragraph_text": "The Godfather is an American film series that consists of three crime drama films directed by Francis Ford Coppola inspired by the novel of the same name by Italian American author Mario Puzo. The series follows the trials of the Corleone family, Italian Americans whose patriarch, Vito Corleone, rises to be a major figure in American organized crime. His youngest son, Michael Corleone, becomes his successor. The films were distributed by Paramount Pictures and released in 1972, 1974 and 1990. The series achieved success at the box office, with the films earning over $550 million worldwide. The Godfather, is seen by many as one of the greatest films of all time. The sequel, The Godfather Part II, is viewed by many as the best sequel in cinematic history. The series is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 29 total Academy Award nominations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Saint Helena Island National Scenic Area", "paragraph_text": "Saint Helena Island National Scenic Area is a federally designated National Scenic Area within the Hiawatha National Forest in the US state of Michigan. The scenic area is administered by the U.S. Forest Service. It is contains all of Saint Helena Island, excluding the St. Helena Island Light. The Hiawatha National Forest was extended to encompass the island, which was acquired when existing property owners placed the land for sale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Vincent Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Vincent Corleone Andy Garcia portraying Vincent Corleone First appearance The Godfather Part III Portrayed by Andy García Information Nickname (s) Vinnie Aliases Vincenzo Corleone Gender Male Occupation Mobster Title Boss Soldato Family Corleone Relatives Fredo Corleone (paternal uncle, deceased) Michael Corleone (paternal uncle, deceased) Connie Corleone (paternal aunt) Vito Corleone (paternal grandfather, deceased) Carmela Corleone (paternal grandmother, deceased) Father Sonny Corleone Mother Lucy Mancini Half - brothers Frank Corleone Santino Corleone, Jr. Half - sisters Francesca Corleone Kathryn Corleone", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Godfather Part II", "paragraph_text": "Carmela Corleone dies. At the funeral, Michael appears to forgive Fredo but later orders caporegime Al Neri to assassinate him out on the lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Godfather (film series)", "paragraph_text": "The Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature - length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and based upon Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads to an assassination attempt. Meanwhile, Vito's oldest son Sonny takes over the family and Michael strikes back for the assassination attempt by killing Sollozzo and a corrupted police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who is killed in a car bombing. Michael returns to America after the news of his brother Sonny's murder. After returning, Vito turns over the reins of the family to Michael. Michael plans to move the family business to Las Vegas; but before the move, he plots the killing of the heads of the five families on the day of his nephew's baptism. Other subplots include Vito's daughter's abusive marriage, Johnny Fontaine's success in Hollywood and Vito's second son Fredo's role in the family business in Las Vegas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Vincent Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Vincent Santino Corleone (né Mancini) is a fictional character in the 1990 feature film The Godfather Part III, in which he is portrayed by Andy García, who was nominated for an Academy Award for his performance. Vincent is the illegitimate son of Sonny Corleone and his mistress Lucy Mancini. He eventually succeeds his uncle Michael as head of the Corleone family. Retroactive continuity (``retcon '') was employed to create the character's existence for The Godfather Part III, as it is evident from Mario Puzo's original novel that Lucy did not conceive a child with Sonny.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Carmela Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Carmela Corleone (1897 -- 1959) a fictional character in Mario Puzo's The Godfather, is the wife of Don Vito Corleone. Carmela is portrayed by Italian - American Morgana King in Francis Ford Coppola's film adaptation of the novel, and in The Godfather Part II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Godfather", "paragraph_text": "In 1945, at his daughter Connie's wedding, Vito Corleone hears requests in his role as the Godfather, the Don of a New York crime family. Vito's youngest son, Michael, who was a Marine during World War II, introduces his girlfriend, Kay Adams, to his family at the reception. Johnny Fontane, a famous singer and Vito's godson, seeks Vito's help in securing a movie role; Vito dispatches his consigliere, Tom Hagen, to Los Angeles to persuade studio head Jack Woltz to give Johnny the part. Woltz refuses until he wakes up in bed with the severed head of his prized stallion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Federal lands", "paragraph_text": "The federal government owns about 640 million acres of land in the United States, about 28% of the total land area of 2.27 billion acres. The majority of federal lands (610.1 million acres in 2015) are administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Park Service (NPS), or U.S. Forest Service (FS). BLM, FWS, and NPS are part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, while the Forest Service is part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. An additional 11.4 million acres of land (about 2% of all federal land) is owned by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). The majority of federal lands are located in Alaska and the Western states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Skeletons & Majesties Live", "paragraph_text": "Skeletons & Majesties Live is the fourth live album of the metal band Gamma Ray. The album was recorded during Gamma Ray's 2011 concert in Pratteln (Switzerland) and contains acoustic renditions of the songs \"Rebellion in Dreamland\" and \"Send Me a Sign\" as well as the guest appearance of ex-Helloween and current Unisonic vocalist Michael Kiske on 3 tracks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Vito Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Vito Andolini Corleone (December 7, 1891 -- July 29, 1955) is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's three Godfather films, in which, in later life, he is portrayed by Marlon Brando in The Godfather and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in The Godfather Part II. He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds an American Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Vito Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Vito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in \"The Godfather\" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in \"The Godfather Part II\". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Al Neri", "paragraph_text": "Albert ``Al ''Neri is a fictional character appearing in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's trilogy of films based on it. In all three motion pictures, he is portrayed by actor Richard Bright. He functions as Michael Corleone's personal enforcer and assassin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Godfather Part II", "paragraph_text": "The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mary Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Mary Corleone Sofia Coppola portraying Mary Corleone First appearance The Godfather Part II Last appearance The Godfather Part III Created by Mario Puzo Portrayed by Sofia Coppola Information Gender Female Family Corleone family Relatives Michael Corleone (father) Kay Adams - Corleone (mother) Vito Corleone (paternal grandfather; deceased) Anthony Corleone (brother) Sonny Corleone (paternal uncle; deceased) Fredo Corleone (paternal uncle; deceased) Vincent Mancini - Corleone (paternal cousin and lover) Connie Corleone (paternal aunt) Carmela Corleone (paternal grandmother; deceased) Carlo Rizzi (uncle; deceased)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Michael Corleone", "paragraph_text": "The Godfather Part II is set in 1958 and 1959. The Corleone family has relocated to Nevada while Frank Pentangeli runs the family's operations in New York, Clemenza having died a few years before. Although Michael is the most powerful Mafia leader in the nation, he still actively works to remove the Corleone family from crime. His efforts have been largely unsuccessful, however, as his many enemies and growing obsession with revenge keep him tethered to the criminal underworld. Michael plans to finally legitimize the family by negotiating with Hyman Roth, his father's former business partner, over controlling casino operations in Cuba.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Anthony Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Vito ``Tony ''Corleone is a fictional character in The Godfather trilogy of films directed by Francis Ford Coppola. He is portrayed by Anthony Gounaris in the first film, James Gounaris in the second, and singer Franc D'Ambrosio in the third. (The character was given the name Anthony because it was thought that the 3 - year - old Gounaris of the first film would respond best if his own name was used.) He is the son of Michael (Al Pacino) and Kay Corleone (Diane Keaton), and the older brother of Mary Corleone (Sofia Coppola). While Anthony was never a major character in the first two films, major events in his life were the backdrop of key parts of the second film, and his relationship with his father is a plot point in the third film. He was not mentioned by name in the novel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Anthony Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Vito ``Tony ''Corleone is a fictional character in The Godfather trilogy of films directed by Francis Ford Coppola. He is portrayed by Anthony Gounaris in the first film, James Gounaris in the second, and singer Franc D'Ambrosio in the third. The character was given the name Anthony because it was thought that the three - year - old Gounaris of the first film would respond best if his own name was used. He is the son of Michael (Al Pacino) and Kay Corleone (Diane Keaton), and the older brother of Mary Corleone (Sofia Coppola). While Anthony was never a major character in the first two films, major events in his life were the backdrop of key parts of the second film, and his relationship with his father is a plot point in the third film. He was not mentioned by name in the novel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Godfather (novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Godfather is a crime novel written by Italian American author Mario Puzo. Originally published in 1969 by G.P. Putnam's Sons, the novel details the story of a fictional Mafia family based in New York City (and Long Beach, New York), headed by Vito Corleone. The novel covers the years 1945 to 1955, and also provides the back story of Vito Corleone from early childhood to adulthood.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Mary Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Mary Corleone is a fictional character in The Godfather Part III, portrayed by Sofia Coppola. She is the daughter of Michael Corleone and Kay Adams and sister of Anthony Vito Corleone.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 89464, "question": "where does michael corleone live in godfather 2", "answer": "Nevada", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 61167, "question": "land contained in the current state of #1 was acquired by the u.s. in", "answer": "October 31, 1864", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "German is the fourth most commonly used language, with 13,444 speakers representing about 0.4% of the total state population. Fifth is Vietnamese, spoken by 11,330 people, or about 0.4% of the population, many of whom live in the Asia District of Oklahoma City. Other languages include French with 8,258 speakers (0.3%), Chinese with 6,413 (0.2%), Korean with 3,948 (0.1%), Arabic with 3,265 (0.1%), other Asian languages with 3,134 (0.1%), Tagalog with 2,888 (0.1%), Japanese with 2,546 (0.1%), and African languages with 2,546 (0.1%). In addition to Cherokee, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, second only to California (though, it should be noted that only Cherokee exhibits language vitality at present).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of languages by number of native speakers in India", "paragraph_text": "Hindi is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India. The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of ``Hindi ''as a broad variety of`` Hindi languages''. According to 2001 Census, 53.6% of Indian population declared that they speak Hindi either as first or second language, in which 41% of them have declared it as their native language or mother tongue. 12.6% Indians declared that they can speak English as a second language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Century", "paragraph_text": "A century (from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred; abbreviated c.) is a period of 100 years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. For example, ``the 17th century ''strictly refers to the years from 1601 to 1700, but popularly refers to be the years 1600 to 1699.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the annual host of the Big 12 Baseball Tournament, the World Cup of Softball, and the annual NCAA Women's College World Series. The city has held the 2005 NCAA Men's Basketball First and Second round and hosted the Big 12 Men's and Women's Basketball Tournaments in 2007 and 2009. The major universities in the area – University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City University, and Oklahoma State University – often schedule major basketball games and other sporting events at Chesapeake Energy Arena and Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark, although most home games are played at their campus stadiums.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Languages of South America", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the majority language of South America, by a small margin. Spanish, with slightly fewer speakers than Portuguese, is the second most spoken language on the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990. 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the total population of the state. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000. The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee, with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma. Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Oklahoma State Highway 51", "paragraph_text": "State Highway 51, abbreviated to SH-51 or OK-51, is a major state highway in Oklahoma. It runs for 333 miles (535½ km) east–west across the state, running from the Texas state line to Arkansas. It is the third-longest state highway in the system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Oklahoma State Capitol", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma's first capital was Guthrie, Oklahoma, but it moved to Oklahoma City in 1910. Construction began on the Oklahoma State Capitol in 1914 and was completed in 1917. Originally, it housed the judicial branch of Oklahoma, but the state's high courts moved most of their operations to the Oklahoma Judicial Center in 2011, leaving only the Supreme Court Hearing Chamber in the capitol building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Languages of South America", "paragraph_text": "Spanish is the majority language of South America, by a small margin. Portuguese, with slightly fewer speakers than Spanish, is the second most spoken language on the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "The Cherokee Nation instigated a 10-year language preservation plan that involved growing new fluent speakers of the Cherokee language from childhood on up through school immersion programs as well as a collaborative community effort to continue to use the language at home. This plan was part of an ambitious goal that in 50 years, 80% or more of the Cherokee people will be fluent in the language. The Cherokee Preservation Foundation has invested $3 million into opening schools, training teachers, and developing curricula for language education, as well as initiating community gatherings where the language can be actively used. There is a Cherokee language immersion school in Tahlequah, Oklahoma that educates students from pre-school through eighth grade. Graduates are fluent speakers of the language. Several universities offer Cherokee as a second language, including the University of Oklahoma and Northeastern State University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Catalan language", "paragraph_text": "Catalan pronouns exhibit T–V distinction, like all other Romance languages (and most European languages, but not Modern English). This feature implies the use of a different set of second person pronouns for formality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics, a school for some of the state's most gifted math and science pupils, is also located in Oklahoma City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Oklahoma State Highway 79", "paragraph_text": "State Highway 79 (abbreviated SH-79 or OK-79) is a state highway in Jefferson County, Oklahoma. It runs for as a continuation of Texas State Highway 79 to U.S. Highway 70 on the outskirts of Waurika. It has no lettered spur routes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate", "paragraph_text": "The HIV pandemic is most severe in Sub-Saharan Africa. Over 60% of all people living with HIV reside within the region. Adult HIV prevalence exceed 20% in Swaziland, Botswana, and Lesotho, while an additional six countries report adult HIV prevalence of at least 10%. In terms of raw HIV case numbers, South Africa, followed by Nigeria (3.2 million), and Philippines (2.1 million) by the end of 2013. While South Africa's large population of HIV - positive people is attributable to its high disease prevalence (17.3%, ranked highest in the world) and Nigeria is ranked 20th (3.7%), India's prevalence (0.3%) is comparable to Canada, the UK, and lower than the USA due to its large population (192 million).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Smith (surname)", "paragraph_text": "Smith is a surname originating in England. It is the most prevalent surname in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States, the second most common surname in Canada, and the fifth most common surname in the Republic of Ireland. The surname Smith is particularly prevalent among those of English, Scottish and Irish descent, but is also a common surname among African Americans, which can be attributed to black slaves being forced to adopt the name during slavery and never changing the name upon the end of the era of slavery and after the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. 2,376,206 Americans shared the surname Smith during the 2000 census, and more than 500,000 people share it in the United Kingdom. At the turn of the 20th century, the surname was sufficiently prevalent in England to have prompted the statement: ``Common to every village in England, north, south, east and west ''; and sufficiently common on the (European) continent (in various forms) to be`` common in most countries of Europe''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "The state has two primary newspapers. The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690. The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in the nation, holds a Sunday circulation of 132,969 and a weekday readership of 93,558. Oklahoma's first newspaper was established in 1844, called the Cherokee Advocate, and was written in both Cherokee and English. In 2006, there were more than 220 newspapers located in the state, including 177 with weekly publications and 48 with daily publications.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Smith (surname)", "paragraph_text": "Smith is a surname originating in England. It is the most prevalent surname in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and the United States, the second most common surname in Canada, and the fifth most common surname in the Republic of Ireland. The surname Smith is particularly prevalent among those of English, Scottish and Irish descent, but is also a common surname among African Americans, which can be attributed to black slaves being given the surname during slavery and never changing the name upon the end of the era of slavery and after the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. 2,376,206 Americans shared the surname Smith during the 2000 census, and more than 500,000 people share it in the United Kingdom. At the turn of the 20th century, the surname was sufficiently prevalent in England to have prompted the statement: ``Common to every village in England, north, south, east and west ''; and sufficiently common on the (European) continent (in various forms) to be`` common in most countries of Europe''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Oklahoma State Highway 22", "paragraph_text": "State Highway 22 (abbreviated SH-22) is a state highway in Oklahoma. It runs in a west-to-east pattern through the south-central part of the state, running from SH-1 at Ravia to US-70 at Bokchito. There are no letter-suffixed spur highways branching from SH-22.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Spanish language", "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that more than 437 million people speak Spanish as a native language, which qualifies it as second on the lists of languages by number of native speakers. Instituto Cervantes claims that there are an estimated 477 million Spanish speakers with native competence and 572 million Spanish speakers as a first or second language -- including speakers with limited competence -- and more than 21 million students of Spanish as a foreign language.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 26947, "question": "What is the second-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?", "answer": "Spanish", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 59695, "question": "what is the abbreviation for number in #1", "answer": "numero symbol, No", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[ "No", "no" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Maintal-Dörnigheim", "paragraph_text": "Dörnigheim is the biggest district of the town of Maintal in Hesse, Germany. It is situated on the right, or northern, bank of the Main river.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Identity documents in the United States", "paragraph_text": "A driver's license is issued by each state's DMV, which is required to drive. Each state's DMV also issues a nearly - identical ``non-driver identification card ''to identify persons who are unable or do not want to drive, which is typically treated like a driver's license for all purposes, except for proving that a person has the right to drive.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bossembélé", "paragraph_text": "Bossembélé is a small town in Yaloke-Bossembele, in the Ombella-M'Poko Prefecture of the Central African Republic, lying 157 miles north west of Bangui on the main road to Cameroon. It is known for its market and its nightlife and is home to a cinema and an airstrip. The Lambi Falls lie near the town.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Mannerheimintie", "paragraph_text": "Mannerheimintie (), named after the Finnish military leader and statesman Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, is the main street of Helsinki, Finland. It was originally named Heikinkatu (), after Robert Henrik Rehbinder, but was renamed after the Winter War. The change of name was also suitable due to Mannerheim having paraded in along that road during the Finnish Civil War (1918), after German forces allied with Mannerheim's Finnish forces had retaken the city. That event is also portrayed in the landmark statue of Mannerheim sitting horseback. The statue is located along the Mannerheimintie just outside the modern arts museum Kiasma.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Camair-Co", "paragraph_text": "The Cameroon Airlines Corporation, trading as Camair-Co, is an airline from Cameroon, serving as flag carrier of the country, a role which was previously filled by the now-defunct Cameroon Airlines. Camair-Co has its headquarters in the Immeuble La Rotonde in Douala, and operates out of Douala International Airport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Cameroon olive pigeon", "paragraph_text": "The Cameroon olive pigeon (\"Columba sjostedti\") is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Cameroon and adjacent Nigeria.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "ANESVAD Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Foundation declares its main objectives, as health assistance, social development and public awareness. It works in Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Dominican Republic, Venezuela), Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Philippines, India, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam), Africa (Benin, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Ghana), Europe (Spain, Geneva).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Southern Cameroons National Council", "paragraph_text": "The Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) is a self - determination organisation seeking the independence of the anglophone Southern Cameroons from the predominantly francophone Republic of Cameroon (La République de Cameroun). It is a non-violent organization with the motto ``The force of argument, not the argument of force. ''Because the SCNC advocates separation from Cameroon, it has been declared an illegal organization by the government of Paul Biya. Security forces regularly interrupt SCNC meetings, arresting members and typically detaining them for several days before release.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "United Farm Workers", "paragraph_text": "The United Farm Workers of America, or more commonly just United Farm Workers (UFW), is a labor union for farmworkers in the United States. It originated from the merger of two workers' rights organizations, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by organizer Larry Itliong, and the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by César Chávez and Dolores Huerta. They became allied and transformed from workers' rights organizations into a union as a result of a series of strikes in 1965, when the mostly Filipino farmworkers of the AWOC in Delano, California initiated a grape strike, and the NFWA went on strike in support. As a result of the commonality in goals and methods, the NFWA and the AWOC formed the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee on August 22, 1966. This organization was accepted into the AFL - CIO in 1972 and changed its name to the United Farmworkers Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Yanoye", "paragraph_text": "Yanoye (Yanoyé-Yenga or Yenga) is a village in Nana-Mambéré, Central African Republic. It is from Bouar and on the main road (RN3) between Bouar and Garoua-Boulaï in the Cameroons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Galen Cole", "paragraph_text": "Galen Cole (born 1925) is a Maine World War II veteran and philanthropist. He manages the Cole Land Transportation Museum, the Walking Sticks for Veterans program, and organizes numerous activities and charity drives for veterans and related causes in his native Bangor, Maine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kingdom of Bamum", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Bamum (also spelled Bamoum, Bamun, Bamoun, or Mum) (1394–1884) was a pre-colonial Central African state in what is now northwest Cameroon. It was founded by the Mbum, a Bantu ethnic group from northeast Cameroon. Its capital was the ancient walled city of Fumban.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Cameroon", "paragraph_text": "Its foreign policy closely follows that of its main ally, France (one of its former colonial rulers). Cameroon relies heavily on France for its defence, although military spending is high in comparison to other sectors of government.President Biya has engaged in a decades-long clash with the government of Nigeria over possession of the oil-rich Bakassi peninsula. Cameroon and Nigeria share a 1,000-mile (1 600 km) border and have disputed the sovereignty of the Bakassi peninsula. In 1994 Cameroon petitioned the International Court of Justice to resolve the dispute. The two countries attempted to establish a cease-fire in 1996, however, fighting continued for years. In 2002, the ICJ ruled that the Anglo-German Agreement of 1913 gave sovereignty to Cameroon. The ruling called for a withdrawal by both countries and denied the request by Cameroon for compensation due to Nigeria's long-term occupation. By 2004, Nigeria had failed to meet the deadline to handover the peninsula. A UN-mediated summit in June 2006 facilitated an agreement for Nigeria to withdraw from the region and both leaders signed the Greentree Agreement. The withdrawal and handover of control was completed by August 2006.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "The Federal Constitution adopted in 1848 is the legal foundation of the modern federal state. It is among the oldest constitutions in the world. A new Constitution was adopted in 1999, but did not introduce notable changes to the federal structure. It outlines basic and political rights of individuals and citizen participation in public affairs, divides the powers between the Confederation and the cantons and defines federal jurisdiction and authority. There are three main governing bodies on the federal level: the bicameral parliament (legislative), the Federal Council (executive) and the Federal Court (judicial).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Dagen H", "paragraph_text": "Dagen H (H day), today usually called ``Högertrafikomläggningen ''(`` The right - hand traffic diversion''), was the day, 3 September 1967, on which traffic in Sweden switched from driving on the left - hand side of the road to the right. The ``H ''stands for`` Högertrafik'', the Swedish word for ``right traffic ''. It was by far the largest logistical event in Sweden's history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Set It Off (film)", "paragraph_text": "In Mexico, Stoney calls Keith to assure him that she is all right and thanks him. Keith hangs up the phone and smiles. Stoney is seen driving through the mountains with the stolen money from the robberies on tow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Gahal", "paragraph_text": "Gahal (, an acronym for \"Gush Herut-Liberalim\" (Hebrew: ), \"lit.\" Herut-Liberals Bloc) was the main right-leaning political alliance, ranging from the centre-right to right-wing, in Israel led by Menachem Begin from its founding in 1965 until the establishment of Likud in 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Dagen H", "paragraph_text": "Dagen H (H day), today usually called ``Högertrafikomläggningen ''(`` The right - hand traffic diversion''), was the day on 3 September 1967, in which the traffic in Sweden switched from driving on the left - hand side of the road to the right. The ``H ''stands for`` Högertrafik'', the Swedish word for ``right traffic ''. It was by far the largest logistical event in Sweden's history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Vacamatic", "paragraph_text": "The 1941 M4 Vacamatic transmission by Chrysler was, historically, the first semi-automatic transmission which was marketed by a major manufacturer. It was an attempt to compete against rivals' automatic transmissions, though it still had a clutch, primarily to change range. In normal driving, the clutch is not used. The transmission itself was a fully synchronised manual type, with four forward gears, one reverse; where the shifting was done 'automatically' by either vacuum cylinders (early, M4), or hydraulic cylinders (late, M6, Presto-Matic). The main difference was the addition of a fluid coupling between engine and clutch, and the shifting mechanism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Oryx Douala", "paragraph_text": "Oryx Club de Douala is a football club from Douala, Cameroon, that achieved most of its success in the 1960s.It won the inaugural African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1964 beating Stade Malien on a score of 2–1 in the final, and so becoming the first club outfit from Cameroon to win the title. They have also won five league titles and the Cameroon Cup three times, most of which came in the 1960s.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159395, "question": "Who is Cameroon's main ally?", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 60853, "question": "when did #1 change to driving on the right", "answer": "Following the French Revolution", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "West Rouge", "paragraph_text": "West Rouge is a small community neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the south-east corner of Toronto, within the former city of Scarborough. The community is roughly bounded by Lake Ontario to the south, the Rouge River to the east, Port Union Road to the west and Kingston Road to the north.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ømmervatnet", "paragraph_text": "Ømmervatnet is a lake that lies in the municipality of Vefsn in Nordland county, Norway. The European route E06 highway passes along the eastern coast of the lake. The lake lies about east of the village of Drevjemoen and about northeast of the town of Mosjøen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Snow in Florida", "paragraph_text": "January 22 -- 23, 2016: Snow flurries are reported along the Florida panhandle, as far east as the Jacksonville area, and as far south as the Gainesville area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Summit Lake (Goudreau, Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "Summit Lake is a lake in the Michipicoten River system in the Lake Superior drainage basin located at Goudreau in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. It is about long and wide, lies at an elevation of . The primary inflow is McVeigh Creek from Spring Lake, and the primary outflow is McVeigh Creek to Philip Lake, which flows via the Hawk River and Michipicoten River into Lake Superior. The Algoma Central Railway runs along the east shore of the lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Crawford Lake (Sudbury District)", "paragraph_text": "Crawford Lake is a lake in the Moose River drainage basin in Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada. It is about long and wide, and lies at an elevation of about south of Ontario Highway 101 and west of Ontario Highway 144.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Georgian Bay", "paragraph_text": "Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron, located entirely within Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To its northwest is the North Channel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Lake Ontario", "paragraph_text": "Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the American state of New York, whose water boundaries meet in the middle of the lake. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. Many of Ontario's most populous cities, including Toronto, Canada's most populous city, and Hamilton, are on the lake's northern or western shores. In the Huron language, the name Ontarí'io means \"Lake of Shining Waters\". Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Lake George (Michigan–Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "Lake George is a lake in Chippewa County, Michigan, United States, and Algoma District, Northwestern Ontario, Canada, that lies between Sugar Island in Michigan on the west and the Ontario mainland on the east.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Lake of Bays", "paragraph_text": "Lake of Bays is a township within the District Municipality of Muskoka, Ontario, Canada. The township, situated north of Toronto, is named after the Lake of Bays. During the 2016 census, the township had a population of 3,167 and encompassed of land.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Lake Ontario", "paragraph_text": "When the cold winds of winter pass over the warmer water of the lake, they pick up moisture and drop it as lake - effect snow. Since the prevailing winter winds are from the northwest, the southern and southeastern shoreline of the lake is referred to as the snowbelt. In some winters the area between Oswego and Pulaski may receive twenty or more feet (600 cm) of snowfall. Also impacted by lake - effect snow is the Tug Hill Plateau, an area of elevated land that is about 20 miles (32 km) east of Lake Ontario, creating ideal conditions for lake - effect snowfall. The ``Hill '', as it is often referred to, typically receives more snow than any other region in the eastern United States. As a result, Tug Hill is a popular location for winter enthusiasts, such as snow - mobilers and cross-country skiers. Lake - effect snow often extends inland as far as Syracuse, with that city often recording the most winter snowfall accumulation of any large city in the United States. Other cities in the world receive more snow annually, such as Quebec City, which averages 135 inches (340 cm), and Sapporo, Japan, which receives 250 inches (640 cm) each year and is often regarded as the snowiest city in the world. Foggy conditions (particularly in fall) can be created by thermal contrasts and can be an impediment for recreational boaters. In a normal winter, Lake Ontario will be at most one quarter ice - covered, in a mild winter almost completely unfrozen. Lake Ontario has completely frozen over on five recorded occasions: from about January 20 to about March 20, 1830; in 1874; in 1893; in 1912; and in February 1934.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cleaver Lake (Thunder Bay District)", "paragraph_text": "Cleaver Lake is a lake in Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is about long and wide, and lies at an elevation of about northwest of the community of Schreiber. The primary inflow and outflow is the Whitesand River, and the lake is immediately upstream of Zenith Lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Rabbit Lake (Muskoka District)", "paragraph_text": "Rabbit Lake is a small lake in the municipality of Georgian Bay, District Municipality of Muskoka in Central Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin and lies in geographic Gibson Township. The lake flows at the north via an unnamed creek to Bushby Inlet on Georgian Bay, Lake Huron.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Straumfjordvatnet", "paragraph_text": "Straumfjordvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Steigen in Nordland county, Norway. The lake lies about east of the village of Bogen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "Though the five lakes lie in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. They form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several thousand smaller lakes, often called ``inland lakes, ''within the basin. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes: Ontario does not border Lake Michigan, and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario. New York and Wisconsin's jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and each of the remaining states into one of the lakes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "January 2016 United States blizzard", "paragraph_text": "The January 2016 United States blizzard was a crippling and historic blizzard that produced up to 3 ft (91 cm) of snow in parts of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast United States from January 22 to January 24, 2016. Evolving from a shortwave trough that formed in the Pacific Northwest on January 19, the system consolidated into a defined low - pressure area on January 21 over Texas. Regarding it as a ``potentially historic blizzard '', meteorologists indicated the storm could produce more than 2 ft (61 cm) of snow across a wide swath of the Mid-Atlantic region and could`` paralyze the eastern third of the nation''. Winter weather expert Paul Kocin described the blizzard as ``kind of a top - 10 snowstorm ''.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Yukidori Valley", "paragraph_text": "Yukidori Valley lies in the middle of the Langhovde Hills, on the east coast of Lützow-Holm Bay, in Queen Maud Land of East Antarctica, about 20 km south of Japan’s Showa Station. \"Yukidori\" is Japanese for “snow petrel”.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Humber River (Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "The Humber River is a river in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin, is a tributary of Lake Ontario and is one of two major rivers on either side of the city of Toronto, the other being the Don River to the east. It was designated a Canadian Heritage River on September 24, 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Gjønavatnet", "paragraph_text": "Gjønavatnet is a lake in the municipality of Fusa in Hordaland county, Norway. The lake lies just east of the village of Holdhus and just north of the lake Skogseidvatnet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "High Cliff State Park", "paragraph_text": "High Cliff State Park is a Wisconsin state park near Sherwood, Wisconsin. It is the only state-owned recreation area located on Lake Winnebago. The park got its name from cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment, a land formation east of the shore of Lake Winnebago that stretches north through northeast Wisconsin, Upper Michigan, and Ontario to Niagara Falls and New York State.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes (French: les Grands - Lacs), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada -- United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. They consist of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or Michigan -- Huron), Erie, and Ontario.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161709, "question": "What state lies to the east of Lake Ontario?", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 51040, "question": "when did it snow in #1 2016", "answer": "January 22 to January 24, 2016", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sikkim", "paragraph_text": "Phuntsog Namgyal was succeeded in 1670 by his son, Tensung Namgyal, who moved the capital from Yuksom to Rabdentse (near modern Pelling). In 1700, Sikkim was invaded by the Bhutanese with the help of the half-sister of the Chogyal, who had been denied the throne. The Bhutanese were driven away by the Tibetans, who restored the throne to the Chogyal ten years later. Between 1717 and 1733, the kingdom faced many raids by the Nepalese in the west and Bhutanese in the east, culminating with the destruction of the capital Rabdentse by the Nepalese. In 1791, China sent troops to support Sikkim and defend Tibet against the Gorkha Kingdom. Following the subsequent defeat of Gorkha, the Chinese Qing dynasty established control over Sikkim.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established as a sovereign state on 1 January 1801 by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. The growing desire for an Irish Republic led to the Irish War of Independence, which resulted in Ireland seceding from the Union and forming the Irish Free State in 1922. Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom, and the state was consequently renamed the ``United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Declarations of war during World War II", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of war by France and the United Kingdom was given on 3 September 1939, after German forces invaded Poland. Despite the speech being the official announcement of both France and the United Kingdom, the speech was given by the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in Westminster, London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "10 Downing Street", "paragraph_text": "10 Downing Street, colloquially known in the United Kingdom as Number 10, is the headquarters of the Government of the United Kingdom and the official residence and office of the First Lord of the Treasury, a post which, for much of the 18th and 19th centuries and invariably since 1905, has been held by the Prime Minister.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Key Lime Air", "paragraph_text": "Key Lime Air is a United States airline with corporate headquarters at Centennial Airport in Dove Valley, Colorado, within the Denver-Aurora metropolitan area. It was established and started operations in 1997 and operates charter and United Parcel Service cargo feeder operations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Partition of the Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "On the Arabian Peninsula, the Arabs were able to establish a number of independent states. In 1916 Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, established the Kingdom of Hejaz, while the Emirate of Riyadh was transformed into the Sultanate of Nejd. In 1926 the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz was formed, which in 1932 became the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen became independent in 1918, while the Arab States of the Persian Gulf became de facto British protectorates, with some internal autonomy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Revak the Rebel", "paragraph_text": "The film was a pilot for a projected ninety-minute TV series to be called \"The Barbarians\" (as it would cover the whole length of the book) which was never picked and got theatrical release out of the US. The film was first released as \"Rivak the Barbarian\" or \"The Barbarians\". \"Revak the Rebel\" was filmed on location in Italy and it cost NBC $750,000, making it the most expensive pilot ever produced (at the time). The film has been released on DVD as \"Revak the Rebel\" by Sinister Cinema, a company specializing on B movies, Z movies, peplums and similar productions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Buckingham Palace", "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Buckingham Palace", "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Palace (UK: / ˈbʌkɪŋəm ˈpælɪs /) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2003 invasion of Iraq", "paragraph_text": "The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War (also called Operation Iraqi Freedom). The invasion phase began on 20 March 2003 and lasted just over one month, including 21 days of major combat operations, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq. This early stage of the war formally ended on 1 May 2003 when U.S. President George W. Bush declared the ``end of major combat operations '', after which the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established as the first of several successive transitional governments leading up to the first Iraqi parliamentary election in January 2005. U.S. military forces later remained in Iraq until the withdrawal in 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ughelli South", "paragraph_text": "Ughelli South is a Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. It is made up of six Urhobo kingdoms namely: Ughievwen, Arhavwarien, Effurun Otor, Eghwu, Okparabe and Olomu. Otu Jeremi is the headquarters of Ughelli South LGA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Sword of the Barbarians", "paragraph_text": "The Sword of the Barbarians (/ \"Sangraal, the Sword of Fire\") is a 1982 sword and sorcery film written and directed by Michele Massimo Tarantini and starring Peter McCoy and Sabrina Siani. The film is also known as \"Barbarian Master\". The village raid scene in this film was re-used a year later in \"The Throne of Fire\" (1983).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kallkkulam taluk", "paragraph_text": "Kallkkulam taluk is a taluk of Kanyakumari district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Kallkkulam.Up to 1957, Kallkkulam Taluk formed part of the Travancore Kingdom and subsequently the Travancore-Cochin State. It was when the States were divided on linguistic basis that Kallkkulam, Thovalai, Vilavancode, and Agastheeswaram Taluks of the erstwhile Thiruvananthapuram District of the then Travancore-Cochin State were included in the then Madras State (later renamed as Tamil Nadu) as Kanyakumari District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Jingnan", "paragraph_text": "The Song Dynasty was formed in 960, ending the Five Dynasties period in the north, and though that is the date traditionally used to denote the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, many kingdoms in the south maintained their independence for nearly two decades after the rise of the Song Dynasty. However, due to its size and location, Jingnan was the first of the kingdoms to succumb to the Song Dynasty, surrendering when armies from the north invaded in 963, ending the kingdom.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Toungoo dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Tabinshwehti's brother-in-law, Bayinnaung, succeeded to the throne in 1550 and reigned 30 years, launching a campaign of conquest invading several states, including Manipur (1560) and Ayutthaya (1564). An energetic leader and effective military commander, he made Toungoo the most powerful state in Southeast Asia and extended his borders from Laos to Ayutthaya. Bayinnaung was poised to deliver a final, decisive assault on the kingdom of Arakan when he died in 1581. His son Nanda Bayin and his successors were forced to quell rebellions in other parts of the kingdom, and the victory over Arakan was never achieved.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "National Pan-Hellenic Council", "paragraph_text": "National Pan-Hellenic Council Data Established 1930 Members 9 Continent North America Country United States Headquarters Decatur, Georgia Organization type Coalition of members", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Faridkot district", "paragraph_text": "Faridkot district is one of the 22 districts in the state of Punjab, India with Faridkot city as the district headquarters. Faridkot District was a part of the erstwhile Ferozepur Division but in the year 1996, Faridkot Division was established with a Divisional headquarter at Faridkot which includes Faridkot, Bathinda and Mansa districts", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Logica", "paragraph_text": "Logica was a multinational IT and management consultancy company headquartered in Reading, United Kingdom. Founded in 1969, the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of CGI Group in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Bida Emirate", "paragraph_text": "The Bida Emirate is a traditional state in Nigeria, a successor to the old Nupe Kingdom, with its headquarters in Bida, Niger State. The head of the state is the Etsu Nupe, considered the leader of the Nupe people.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 10482, "question": "In what state did barbarian invaders establish kingdoms?", "answer": "the Western Roman Empire", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 4635, "question": "Where was the headquarters of #1 ?", "answer": "Rome", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pacification of Ghent", "paragraph_text": "The Pacification of Ghent, signed on 8 November 1576, was an alliance of the provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands for the purpose of driving mutinying Spanish mercenary troops from the country and promoting a peace treaty with the rebelling provinces of Holland and Zeeland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors", "paragraph_text": "The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, 28 June 1919 is an oil-on-canvas painting by Irish artist William Orpen, completed in 1919. It was one the paintings commissioned from Orpen to commemorate of the Peace Conference at Versailles in 1919. The work is held by the Imperial War Museum in London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Jonathan Sternberg", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Sternberg (July 27, 1919 – May 8, 2018) was an American conductor, musical director and professor emeritus of music. He is known for his work with symphonic orchestras in the United States, China, Germany and Austria, and for introducing modern American music to European audiences. For many years Sternberg served on the Board of Directors of the Conductors Guild and received the Guild's Award for Lifetime Service in 2009. Sternberg's performances are treasured by audiophiles and classical music enthusiasts all over the world.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "East Prussia", "paragraph_text": "With the forced abdication of Emperor William II in 1918, Germany became a republic. Most of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century Partitions of Poland, were ceded to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versailles. East Prussia became an exclave, being separated from mainland Germany. After the Treaty of Versailles, East Prussia was separated from Germany as an exclave; the Memelland was also separated from the province. Because most of West Prussia became part of the Second Polish Republic as the Polish Corridor, the formerly West Prussian Marienwerder region became part of East Prussia (as Regierungsbezirk Westpreußen). Also Soldau district in Allenstein region was part of Second Polish Republic. The Seedienst Ostpreußen was established to provide an independent transport service to East Prussia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was precipitated by the rise of nationalism in Southeastern Europe as the Great Powers took up sides. The Allies defeated the Central Powers in 1918. During the Paris Peace Conference the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, especially the Treaty of Versailles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "National Antarctic Program", "paragraph_text": "Till date 48 countries have signed the Antarctic Treaty which was drafted and negotiated back in 1959. Out of these, only 28 countries have the Consultative status i.e. these Parties have the right to participate in Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM) and are accordingly known as Consultative Parties and their presence in Antarctica is shown by carrying substantial research there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Treaty of Aynalıkavak", "paragraph_text": "Treaty of Aynalıkavak was a treaty between Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire signed on March 10, 1779. The formal name is Aynalıkavak bond of arbitration (). Aynalıkavak is a palace in Istanbul where the treaty was signed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Treaty of 1818", "paragraph_text": "The Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as the London Convention, Anglo - American Convention of 1818, Convention of 1818, or simply the Treaty of 1818, was an international treaty signed in 1818 between the above parties. Signed during the presidency of James Monroe, it resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations. The treaty allowed for joint occupation and settlement of the Oregon Country, known to the British and in Canadian history as the Columbia District of the Hudson's Bay Company, and including the southern portion of its sister district New Caledonia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "World War I reparations", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Versailles (signed in 1919) and the 1921 London Schedule of Payments required Germany to pay 132 billion gold marks (US $33 billion) in reparations to cover civilian damage caused during the war. This figure was divided into three categories of bonds: A, B, and C. Of these, Germany was required to pay towards' A 'and' B 'bonds totaling 50 billion marks (US $12.5 billion) unconditionally. The payment of the remaining' C 'bonds was interest free and contingent on the Weimar Republic's ability to pay, as was to be assessed by an Allied committee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Treaty of Versailles", "paragraph_text": "After Scheidemann ′ s resignation, a new coalition government was formed under Gustav Bauer. President Friedrich Ebert knew that Germany was in an impossible situation. Although he shared his countrymen's disgust with the treaty, he was sober enough to consider the possibility that the government would not be in a position to reject it. He believed that if Germany refused to sign the treaty, the Allies would invade Germany from the west -- and there was no guarantee that the army would be able to make a stand in the event of an invasion. With this in mind, he asked Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg if the army was capable of any meaningful resistance in the event the Allies resumed the war. If there was even the slightest chance that the army could hold out, Ebert intended to recommend against ratifying the treaty. Hindenburg -- after prodding from his chief of staff, Wilhelm Groener -- concluded the army could not resume the war even on a limited scale. However, rather than inform Ebert himself, he had Groener inform the government that the army would be in an untenable position in the event of renewed hostilities. Upon receiving this, the new government recommended signing the treaty. The National Assembly voted in favour of signing the treaty by 237 to 138, with five abstentions (there were 421 delegates in total). This result was wired to Clemenceau just hours before the deadline. Foreign minister Hermann Müller and colonial minister Johannes Bell travelled to Versailles to sign the treaty on behalf of Germany. The treaty was signed on 28 June 1919 and ratified by the National Assembly on 9 July by a vote of 209 to 116.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Treaty of Versailles", "paragraph_text": "After the Versailles conference, Democratic President Woodrow Wilson claimed that ``at last the world knows America as the savior of the world! ''However, the Republican Party, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, controlled the US Senate after the election of 1918, and the senators were divided into multiple positions on the Versailles question. It proved possible to build a majority coalition, but impossible to build a two - thirds coalition that was needed to pass a treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Fort Laramie (also called the Sioux Treaty of 1868) was an agreement between the United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people, Yanktonai Dakota and Arapaho Nation signed on April 29, 1868 at Fort Laramie in the Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills, and further land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. The Powder River Country was to be henceforth closed to all whites. The treaty ended Red Cloud's War. Animosities over the treaty rose quickly, with neither side fully honoring the terms. Open war again broke out in 1876, and the US Government unilaterally annexed land covered under the treaty in 1877.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Treaty of Nöteborg", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Nöteborg, also known as the \"Treaty of Oreshek\" (, Russian: \"Ореховецкий мир,\" ), is a conventional name for the peace treaty signed at Orekhovets (, ) on 12 August 1323. It was the first settlement between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic regulating their border. Three years later, Novgorod signed the Treaty of Novgorod with the Norwegians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Treaty of Versailles (1871)", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Versailles of 1871 ended the Franco-Prussian War and was signed by Adolphe Thiers, of the French Third Republic, and Otto von Bismarck, of the German Empire on 26 February 1871. This was a preliminary treaty used to solidify the initial armistice of 28 January 1871 between the two states. It was later ratified by the Treaty of Frankfurt on 10 May of the same year. The 1871 Treaty of Frankfurt made the decline of France obvious to the rest of the continent, and at the same time demonstrated the strength of a unified German empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Treaties of the European Union", "paragraph_text": "Two core functional treaties, the Treaty on European Union (originally signed in Maastricht in 1992) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (originally signed in Rome in 1957 as the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community), lay out how the EU operates, and there are a number of satellite treaties which are interconnected with them. The treaties have been repeatedly amended by other treaties over the 65 years since they were first signed. The consolidated version of the two core treaties is regularly published by the European Commission.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Northern Seven Years' War", "paragraph_text": "The carefully coded word in the agreement proved no less catalytic for the other European powers. The results were absolute chaos. Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged at the duplicity of Britain's position. Not only that France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally. Austria, particularly Kaunitz, used this situation to their utmost advantage. The now-isolated France was forced to accede to the Austro-Russian alliance or face ruin. Thereafter, on May 1, 1756, the First Treaty of Versailles was signed, in which both nations pledged 24.000 troops to defend each other in the case of an attack. This diplomatic revolution proved to be an important cause of the war; although both treaties were self-defensive in nature, the actions of both coalitions made the war virtually inevitable.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Zdeněk of Šternberk", "paragraph_text": "Zdenek of Sternberg (rarely Zdeněk of Šternberk, , b. 1410 - d. December 4, 1476 in Wiener Neustadt) was a Bohemian noble, diplomat and politician from the Sternberg () family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Treaty of Passarowitz", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Passarowitz or Treaty of Požarevac was the peace treaty signed in Požarevac (, ), a town in the Ottoman Empire (modern Serbia), on 21 July 1718 between the Ottoman Empire on one side and Austria of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Republic of Venice on the other.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Treaty of Versailles", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Weimar Republic", "paragraph_text": "Weimar Republic (German: Weimarer Republik (ˈvaɪmaʁɐ ʁepuˈbliːk) (listen)) was an unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich; it had remained unchanged since 1871. In English the country was usually known simply as Germany. A national assembly was convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the Deutsches Reich was written, and adopted on 11 August 1919. In its fourteen years, the Weimar Republic faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremism (with paramilitaries -- both left - and right - wing), as well as contentious relationships with the victors of the First World War. The people of Germany blamed the Weimar Republic rather than their wartime leaders for the country's defeat and for the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Weimar Germany fulfilled most of the requirements of the Treaty of Versailles although it never completely met its disarmament requirements, and eventually paid only a small portion of the war reparations (by twice restructuring its debt through the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan). Under the Locarno Treaties, Germany accepted the western borders of the republic, but continued to dispute the Eastern border.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 101946, "question": "Which country was Jonathan Sternberg in?", "answer": "Germany", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 73591, "question": "when did #1 signed the treaty of versailles", "answer": "28 June 1919", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Half a Love", "paragraph_text": "After the release of \"Half a Love\", The Chi-Lites released three further non-album singles for Brunswick before leaving the company in 1976. Their final Brunswick release \"You Don't Have to Go\" passed by largely unnoticed in the US, but was a major 1976 summer hit in the UK where it became jointly the group's highest-charting single, matching the #3 position reached by \"Have You Seen Her\" over four years earlier. The 1999 Edsel Records reissue of \"Half a Love\" includes the final three singles as bonus tracks; they can also be found on the same company's 2004 UK-issue compilation \"The Complete The Chi-Lites on Brunswick Records: Volume 2\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "K-Lite Codec Pack", "paragraph_text": "The K-Lite Codec Pack is a collection of audio and video codecs for Microsoft Windows that enables an operating system and its software to play various audio and video formats generally not supported by the operating system itself. The K-Lite Codec Pack also includes several related tools, including Media Player Classic Home Cinema (MPC-HC), Media Info Lite, and Codec Tweak Tool.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Miller Lite", "paragraph_text": "Miller Lite Miller Lite logo Type American Light Lager Manufacturer Miller Brewing Company Introduced 1973 Alcohol by volume 4.2% Website https://www.millerlite.com/", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Yongsan Family Park", "paragraph_text": "Yongsan Family Park () is a park in Yongsan District, Seoul, South Korea. It was originally part of the US military base Yongsan Garrison, the headquarters of the US military in South Korea, including the base golf course. However, the land was returned to civilian use in November 1992 to establish this park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Groove Is in the Heart", "paragraph_text": "\"Groove Is in the Heart\" is a song by American dance band Deee-Lite. It was released in August 1990 as the lead single from their debut album, \"World Clique\". The song was a hit in many countries, reaching number one in Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Wild Thing (The Troggs song)", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles - based punk band X released their cover of the song in 1984. It was later used in the 1989 film Major League and its 1994 sequel, Major League II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Christians & Lions", "paragraph_text": "Christians & Lions is a band based out of Jamaica Plain and has been a notable part of the Boston DIY scene.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Poem, ballader och lite blues", "paragraph_text": "Poem, ballader och lite blues (English: \"Poems, ballads and a little blues\") is the sixth studio album by the Swedish-Dutch folk singer-songwriter Cornelis Vreeswijk.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Play with Bootsy", "paragraph_text": "Play with Bootsy is an album by Parliament-Funkadelic bassist Bootsy Collins. The album was originally released in 2002 by East-West Records, which is distributed by the Warner Music Group in Germany and by Warner Music-Japan. It was later released in the U.S. by Thump Records. The album represents Bootsy's 12th studio album. The album features a number of prominent rappers/musicians including Snoop Dogg, Fat Joe, Daz, Bobby Womack, Chuck D, and Lady Miss Kier from Deee Lite.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "FM broadcasting", "paragraph_text": "Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion thereof, with few exceptions:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Miller Lite", "paragraph_text": "Miller Lite was essentially the first mainstream light beer. After its first inception as ``Gablinger's Diet Beer, ''developed in 1967 by Joseph L. Owades, PhD, a biochemist working for New York's Rheingold Brewery, the recipe was given by Owades to Chicago's Peter Hand Brewing. That year, Peter Hand Brewing was purchased by a group of investors, renamed Meister Brau Brewing, and Lite was soon introduced as Meister Brau Lite, a companion to their flagship Meister Brau. Under the new management, Meister Brau Brewing encountered significant financial problems, and in 1972, sold several of its existing labels to Miller. The recipe was relaunched simply as`` Lite'' on packaging and in advertising (with ``Lite Beer from Miller ''being its`` official'' name until the late '90s) in the test markets of Springfield, Illinois, Knoxville, Tennessee, and San Diego, California, in 1973, and heavily marketed using masculine pro sports players and other, so - called, macho figures of the day in an effort to sell to the key beer - drinking male demographic. Miller Lite was introduced nationally in 1975. Miller's heavy - advertising approach worked where the two previous light beers had failed, and Miller's early production totals of 12.8 million barrels quickly increased to 24.2 million barrels by 1977 as Miller rose to 2nd place in the American brewing marketplace. Other brewers responded, in particular Anheuser - Busch with its heavily advertised Bud Light in 1982, which eventually overtook Lite in sales by 1994. Anheuser - Busch played on the branding style of ``Lite ''by highlighting the fact that their beer was called`` Bud Light,'' as ``everything else is just a light. ''In 1992, light beers became the biggest domestic beer in America, and in 1998, Miller relabeled its`` Lite'' brand as ``Miller Lite. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Continental Lite", "paragraph_text": "Continental Lite was a short lived subsidiary brand of Continental Airlines established in 1993. The airline folded in 1995 after losing what has been reported in the press as between $140 million or (US) $300 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Delta Express", "paragraph_text": "Delta Express was based out of Orlando International Airport, and focused on leisure routes between Florida and the northeast United States, as well as certain parts of the Midwest. It primarily competed with low-cost brands such as Continental Lite and US Airways' MetroJet, and low-cost carriers such as Southwest Airlines and in the final years of its operation, JetBlue Airways.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "House music", "paragraph_text": "In Britain, further experiments in the genre boosted its appeal. House and rave clubs such as Lakota and Cream emerged across Britain, hosting house and dance scene events. The 'chilling out' concept developed in Britain with ambient house albums such as The KLF's Chill Out and Analogue Bubblebath by Aphex Twin. The Godskitchen superclub brand also began in the midst of the early 90's rave scene. After initially hosting small nights in Cambridge and Northampton, the associated events scaled up in Milton Keynes, Birmingham and Leeds. A new indie dance scene also emerged in the 90's. In New York, bands such as Deee-Lite furthered house's international influence. Two distinctive tracks from this era were the Orb's \"Little Fluffy Clouds\" (with a distinctive vocal sample from Rickie Lee Jones) and the Happy Mondays' \"Wrote for Luck\" (\"WFL\") which was transformed into a dance hit by Vince Clarke.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Young & Sick", "paragraph_text": "In 2011, Young & Sick designed the album cover for Foster the People’s album \"Torches\". The artwork was later expanded and used extensively as a backdrop in live shows, on merchandise, and on the band’s website. The characters depicted in the artwork came to be an integral part of the band's identity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Groove Is in the Heart", "paragraph_text": "``Groove Is in the Heart ''is a song by American dance band Deee - Lite. It was released in August 1990 as the lead single from their debut album, World Clique. The song was a hit in many countries, reaching number one in Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Clement O. Miniger", "paragraph_text": "Clement O. Miniger (November 11, 1874 – April 23, 1944) was an American industrialist and philanthropist. He founded the 'Electric Auto-Lite Company' (now part of Honeywell) in 1911, acting as the company's president until 1934 and its chairman of the board from 1934 to 1944.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of New York City is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Six Parts Seven", "paragraph_text": "The Six Parts Seven is an American post-rock band formerly based in Kent, Ohio. The band was founded in 1995 by brothers Allen Allaman and Jay Karpinski (playing guitar and drums, respectively), who had earlier played with Old Hearts Club, a band of similar style (but with vocals). In 1998, Tim Gerak was added to the core member line-up, playing guitar and also credited with additional engineering on the band's later recordings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Negotiations (The Helio Sequence album)", "paragraph_text": "Negotiations is the fifth full-length album by the Beaverton, Oregon-based band The Helio Sequence, and their third release on US label Sub Pop. It was released on September 11, 2012.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 11698, "question": "where was the band deee-lite based?", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 67482, "question": "what part of the us is #1 in", "answer": "Northeastern United States", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[ "Northeast", "Northeast United States", "The Northeast", "The Northeastern United States" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (8 April 1930 – 18 August 2010) was the head of the House of Bourbon-Parma from 1977 until his death. Carlos Hugo was the Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain and sought to change the political direction of the Carlist movement through the Carlist Party, of which he was the official head during the fatal Montejurra Incident. His marriage to Princess Irene of the Netherlands in 1964 caused a constitutional crisis in the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of Death Note episodes", "paragraph_text": "Death Note is a 37 - episode anime series based on the manga series of the same name written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata. Death Note aired in Japan on the Nippon Television (NTV) network every Tuesday, from October 3, 2006, to June 26, 2007. The plot of the series primarily revolves around high school student Light Yagami, who decides to rid the world of evil with the help of a supernatural notebook called a Death Note. This book causes the death of anyone whose name is written in it and is passed on to Light by the Shinigami Ryuk after he becomes bored within the Shinigami world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rigor mortis", "paragraph_text": "Rigor mortis (Latin: rigor ``stiffness '', mortis`` of death''), the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Infante Carlos, Count of Molina", "paragraph_text": "Carlos de Borbón (29 March 178810 March 1855) was an Infante of Spain and the second surviving son of King Charles IV of Spain and of his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma. As Charles V, he was the first of the Carlist claimants to the throne of Spain. He is often referred to simply as 'Don Carlos'. He was a reactionary who was angry with liberalism in Spain and the assaults on the Catholic Church. He claimed the throne of Spain after the death of his older brother King Ferdinand VII in 1833. His claim was contested by liberal forces loyal to the dead king's infant daughter. The result was the bloody First Carlist War (1833–40). Don Carlos had support from Basque provinces and much of Catalonia, but lost the war and never became king. His heirs continued the arch-conservative cause, fought two more Carlist wars and were active into the mid-20th century, but never obtained the throne.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's disease and the cause of his death have since been a matter of discussion. His death certificate gave the cause as tuberculosis, and his physician, Jean Cruveilhier, was then the leading French authority on this disease. Other possibilities have been advanced including cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. However, the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death has not been disproved. Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied by the Polish government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Rigor mortis", "paragraph_text": "Rigor mortis (Latin: rigor ``stiffness '', mortis`` of death'') or postmortem rigidity, the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Asphyxia", "paragraph_text": "Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing. An example of asphyxia is choking. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by an inability of an individual to acquire sufficient oxygen through breathing for an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Casino Miami", "paragraph_text": "Casino Miami (formerly known as Miami Jai-Alai Fronton) is a 6,500-capacity indoor arena and casino located at 3500 NW 37th Avenue in Miami, Florida. It is primarily used for gambling, jai alai and concerts. Notable past performers include The Allman Brothers Band, Black Sabbath, Bruce Springsteen, Frank Sinatra and Grateful Dead.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Six Sigma", "paragraph_text": "Black Belts operate under Master Black Belts to apply Six Sigma methodology to specific projects. They devote 100% of their valued time to Six Sigma. They primarily focus on Six Sigma project execution and special leadership with special tasks, whereas Champions and Master Black Belts focus on identifying projects/functions for Six Sigma.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Anaphylaxis", "paragraph_text": "In those in whom the cause is known and prompt treatment is available, the prognosis is good. Even if the cause is unknown, if appropriate preventative medication is available, the prognosis is generally good. If death occurs, it is usually due to either respiratory (typically asphyxia) or cardiovascular causes (shock), with 0.7–20% of cases causing death. There have been cases of death occurring within minutes. Outcomes in those with exercise-induced anaphylaxis are typically good, with fewer and less severe episodes as people get older.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "René Lagrou", "paragraph_text": "In May 1946 his was one of three names on a 'black list' sent by the government of Belgium to Spain where he was in hiding, along with Léon Degrelle and Pierre Daye. Soon after he was condemned to death \"in absentia\" by the war crimes tribunal in Antwerp.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Polideportivo Huerta del Rey", "paragraph_text": "Polideportivo Huerta del Rey is an arena located in Valladolid, Spain. It is primarily used for team handball and is the home arena of BM Atlético Valladolid and BM Aula Cultural. From 1976 to 1985 it was the home of CB Valladolid in basketball, before moving to the Pabellón Polideportivo Pisuerga which is used by the handball team for European matches. The arena holds 3,500 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Western black rhinoceros", "paragraph_text": "The western black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis longipes) or West African black rhinoceros is a subspecies of the black rhinoceros, declared extinct by the IUCN in 2011. The western black rhinoceros was believed to have been genetically different from other rhino subspecies. It was once widespread in the savanna of sub-Saharan Africa, but its numbers declined due to poaching. The western black rhinoceros resided primarily in Cameroon, but surveys since 2006 have failed to locate any individuals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Pabellón Ciudad de Algeciras", "paragraph_text": "Pabellón Ciudad de Algeciras is an arena in Algeciras, Spain. It is primarily used for team handball and is the home arena of Algeciras BM. The arena holds 2,300 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Cephalopod ink", "paragraph_text": "The ink is released from the ink sacs (located between the gills) and is dispersed more widely when its release is accompanied by a jet of water from the siphon. Its dark colour is caused by its main constituent, melanin. Each species of cephalopod produces slightly differently coloured inks; generally, octopuses produce black ink, squid ink is blue - black, and cuttlefish ink is a shade of brown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Taunton sleeping car fire", "paragraph_text": "In the early hours of 6 July 1978, a fire broke out in a sleeping car train near Taunton, Somerset, England, causing the death of 12 people and injuring 15. The fire was started by an electric heater that had been obstructed by sacks of dirty bed linen, causing it to overheat. Most deaths were due to smoke inhalation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Perinatal mortality", "paragraph_text": "Preterm birth is the most common cause of perinatal mortality, causing almost 30 percent of neonatal deaths. Infant respiratory distress syndrome, in turn, is the leading cause of death in preterm infants, affecting about 1% of newborn infants. Birth defects cause about 21 percent of neonatal death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Acral necrosis", "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158735, "question": "Where is Spain primarily located?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 85166, "question": "what was the cause of the black death in #1", "answer": "The bacterium Yersinia pestis", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Burundian franc", "paragraph_text": "The franc became the currency of Burundi in 1916, when Belgium occupied the former German colony and replaced the German East African rupie with the Belgian Congo franc. Burundi used the currency of Belgian Congo until 1960, when the Rwanda and Burundi franc was introduced. Burundi began issuing its own francs in 1964.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Citizenship Clause", "paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Carlos Luz", "paragraph_text": "After the political crisis following the Getúlio Vargas suicide in 1954, Carlos Luz was the second of three presidents who ruled Brazil in a brief period of 16 months. At the time of President Café Filho's alleged illness in 1955 he was the President of the Chamber of Deputies, and so the next in the line of succession to the Presidency, since Filho had been the Vice President under Vargas. Luz headed the government only three days in November 1955 and was replaced by the Minister of Defence Henrique Teixeira Lott over his fear that Luz might support a plot to prevent President-elect Juscelino Kubitschek from taking office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ivan Levaï", "paragraph_text": "Ivan Levaï (born 18 March 1937 in Budapest) is a journalist in France. He has occupied many positions in radio, television and press journalism. For several years he presented the review of the press in the morning news show on France Inter radio. As of 2011 he presents a press review on France Inter on Saturday and Sunday mornings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bernd von Brauchitsch", "paragraph_text": "Bernd von Brauchitsch (30 September 1911 - 19 December 1974) was a German aristocratic \"Luftwaffe\" colonel during World War II and adjutant to \"Reichsmarschall\" Hermann Göring.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Moon and Other Lovers", "paragraph_text": "The Moon and Other Lovers () is a 2008 German tragicomic film written and directed by Bernd Böhlich. It was entered into the 30th Moscow International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gold Raiders", "paragraph_text": "The 56-minute \"Gold Raiders\" was economically filmed in five days by director Edward Bernds, who also directed several of the Stooges' shorts. Filmed on December 26–30, 1950, Bernds later commented \"I should have never made that picture. It was an ultra-quickie shot in five days at a cost of $50,000 ($ today), which, even then, was ridiculously low. I'm afraid the picture shows it!\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Grace Polit", "paragraph_text": "In 1974, Polit began her arts creation, \"Universal Heritage\". Her painting \"Yo soy la Luz del Mundo\" is exhibited in the Vatican Museum in Rome. Her art has won several awards and has been exhibited in Sweden, France, Italy, England and Canada. Her paintings can be found in many museums and art galleries, as well as in private collections all over the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "German military administration in occupied France during World War II", "paragraph_text": "Military Administration in France Militärverwaltung in Frankreich Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne 1940 -- 1944 Flag Emblem German (pink) and Italian (green) occupation zones of France: the zone occupée, the zone libre, the zone interdite, the Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France, and annexed Alsace - Lorraine. Status Territory under German military administration Capital Paris Military Commander 1940 -- 1942 Otto von Stülpnagel 1942 -- 1944 Carl - Heinrich von Stülpnagel 1944 Karl Kitzinger Historical era World War II Second Compiègne armistice 22 June 1940 Case Anton 11 November 1942 Liberation of Paris 25 August 1944 Preceded by Succeeded by French Third Republic Provisional Government of the French Republic", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Luz Dary Castro", "paragraph_text": "Luz Dary Castro Lemos (born May 30, 1978, in Bogotá) is a female shot putter and discus thrower from Colombia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Albano Carrisi", "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japanese blackmail, before being occupied by Japanese troops. Thailand has been treated by the United States in the same way as such other Axis-occupied countries as Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Day and the Hour", "paragraph_text": "The Day and the Hour () is a 1963 French war-time drama film directed by René Clément and starring Simone Signoret and Stuart Whitman. Set in occupied France in 1944 a French woman finds herself helping a downed American pilot as he searches for a way to leave the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "Southampton was named \"fittest city in the UK\" in 2006 by Men's Fitness magazine. The results were based on the incidence of heart disease, the amount of junk food and alcohol consumed, and the level of gym membership. In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks and green spaces available for exercise and the amount of television watched by Sotonians was the lowest in the country. Speedway racing took place at Banister Court Stadium in the pre-war era. It returned in the 1940s after WW2 and the Saints operated until the stadium closed down at the end of 1963. A training track operated in the 1950s in the Hamble area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Three Stooges Meet Hercules", "paragraph_text": "The Three Stooges Meet Hercules is a 1962 comedy film directed by Edward Bernds. It is the third feature film to star the Three Stooges after their 1959 resurgence in popularity. By this time, the trio consisted of Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita (dubbed \"Curly Joe\"). Released by Columbia Pictures, \"The Three Stooges Meet Hercules\" was directed by long-time Stooges director Edward Bernds. It was the most financially successful of the Stooges' feature films.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Errol Nolan", "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sophia (robot)", "paragraph_text": "On October 11, 2017, Sophia was introduced to the United Nations with a brief conversation with the United Nations Deputy Secretary - General, Amina J. Mohammed. On October 25, at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality. This attracted controversy as some commentators wondered if this implied that Sophia could vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown could be considered murder. Social media users used Sophia's citizenship to criticize Saudi Arabia's human rights record. As explained by Ali Al - Ahmed, director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, ``Women (in Saudi Arabia) have since committed suicide because they could n't leave the house, and Sophia is running around (without a male guardian). Saudi law does n't allow non-Muslims to get citizenship. Did Sophia convert to Islam? What is the religion of this Sophia and why is n't she wearing hijab? If she applied for citizenship as a human she would n't get it. ''In December 2017, Sophia's creator David Hanson said in an interview that Sophia will use her citizenship to advocate for women's rights in her now country of citizenship; Newsweek criticized that`` What (Hanson) means, exactly, is unclear ''..", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Telman Ismailov", "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Citizenship Counts", "paragraph_text": "Citizenship Counts is a non-partisan 501(c)(3) organization based in Arizona that is dedicated to inspiring American youth with a civic education curriculum that teaches them the value and responsibilities of citizenship, promotes pride in American citizenship, and encourages students to be involved in their communities.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 103207, "question": "What is Bernd Luz's country of citizenship?", "answer": "Germany", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 68056, "question": "when was france occupied by #1 in ww2", "answer": "1940 -- 1944", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "El Acil", "paragraph_text": "El Acil (), meaning \"The Authentic\", is an Algerian daily newspaper in French language published in Constantine, capital of the north-east of Algeria. The newspaper was established in 1993. It belongs to the EURL Inter-Med-Info group, which owns the Arabic \"Al Acil\" and \"L'Authentic\", another French-language newspaper. \"El Acil\"′s manager is Nacer Tafraout, and the editor is Abdelkrim Zerzouri.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Iranian languages", "paragraph_text": "In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor \"Old Iranian\" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) \"Old\" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Carduchi (the hypothetical predecessor to Kurdish) and Old Parthian. Additionally, the existence of unattested languages can sometimes be inferred from the impact they had on neighbouring languages. Such transfer is known to have occurred for Old Persian, which has (what is called) a \"Median\" substrate in some of its vocabulary. Also, foreign references to languages can also provide a hint to the existence of otherwise unattested languages, for example through toponyms/ethnonyms or in the recording of vocabulary, as Herodotus did for what he called \"Scythian\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai", "paragraph_text": "Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (lit. What is this relationship called?) is a Hindi - Language television drama aired on StarPlus. It premiered on 12 January 2009 on StarPlus. It is one of the longest running Indian series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Kingdom of Kaffa", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Kaffa (c. 1390–1897) was an early modern state located in what is now Ethiopia, with its first capital at Bonga. The Gojeb River formed its northern border, beyond which lay the Gibe kingdoms; to the east the territory of the Konta and Kullo peoples lay between Kaffa and the Omo River; to the south numerous subgroups of the Gimira people, and to the west lay the Majangir people. The native language, also known as Kaffa, is one of the Omotic group of languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Urdu", "paragraph_text": "Urdu (/ ˈʊərduː /; Urdu: اُردُو ‬ ‎ ALA - LC: Urdū (ˈʊrd̪uː) (listen), or Modern Standard Urdu) is a Persianised and standardised register of the Hindustani language. It is the official national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. In India, it is one of the 22 official languages recognized in the Constitution of India, having official status in the five states of Jammu and Kashmir, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand, as well as the national capital territory of Delhi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Anglo-Norman language", "paragraph_text": "When William the Conqueror led the Norman conquest of England in 1066, he, his nobles, and many of his followers from Normandy, but also those from northern and western France, spoke a range of langues d'oïl (northern varieties of Gallo - Romance). One of these was Old Norman, also known as ``Old Northern French ''. Other followers spoke varieties of the Picard language or western French. This amalgam developed into the unique insular dialect now known as Anglo - Norman French, which was commonly used for literary and eventually administrative purposes from the 12th until the 15th century. It is difficult to know much about what was actually spoken, as what is known about the dialect is restricted to what was written, but it is clear that Anglo - Norman was, to a large extent, the spoken language of the higher social strata in medieval England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Víctor Andrés Belaúnde", "paragraph_text": "Víctor Andrés Belaúnde Diez Canseco (15 December 1883 – 14 December 1966) was a Peruvian diplomat who chaired the fourteenth session and the fourth emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly (1959–1960).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Mille chilometri al minuto!", "paragraph_text": "Mille chilometri al minuto! (or 1000 km al minuto!) is a 1939 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Mattoli and starring Nino Besozzi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz", "paragraph_text": "Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz (Breda, 9 November 1455 – Dillenburg, 30 July 1516) was count of Nassau (in Siegen, Dillenburg, Hadamar and Herborn), Vianden and Diez, and Lord of Breda. He was the paternal grandfather of William the Silent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sanskrit", "paragraph_text": "In order to explain the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages, many scholars have proposed the Indo-Aryan migration theory, asserting that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in what is now India and Pakistan from the north-west some time during the early second millennium BCE. Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship between the Indo-Iranian tongues and the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Iranian languages", "paragraph_text": "What is known in Iranian linguistic history as the \"Middle Iranian\" era is thought to begin around the 4th century BCE lasting through the 9th century. Linguistically the Middle Iranian languages are conventionally classified into two main groups, Western and Eastern.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "Italy is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian \"dialects,\" or dialetti (standard Italian for \"dialects\"). However, the majority of the regional languages in Italy are in fact not actually \"dialects\" of standard Italian in the strict linguistic sense, as they are not derived from modern standard Italian but instead evolved locally from Vulgar Latin independent of standard Italian, with little to no influence from what is now known as \"standard Italian.\" They are therefore better classified as individual languages rather than \"dialects.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Czech language", "paragraph_text": "Czech typographical features not associated with phonetics generally resemble those of most Latin European languages, including English. Proper nouns, honorifics, and the first letters of quotations are capitalized, and punctuation is typical of other Latin European languages. Writing of ordinal numerals is similar to most European languages. The Czech language uses a decimal comma instead of a decimal point. When writing a long number, spaces between every three numbers (e.g. between hundreds and thousands) may be used for better orientation in handwritten texts, but not in decimal places, like in English. The number 1,234,567.8910 may be written as 1234567,8910 or 1 234 567,8910. Ordinal numbers (1st) use a point as in German (1.). In proper noun phrases (except personal names), only the first word is capitalized (Pražský hrad, Prague Castle).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Wilhelm von Diez", "paragraph_text": "Albrecht Christoph Wilhelm von Diez (17 January 1839, Bayreuth – 25 February 1907, Munich) was a German painter and illustrator of the Munich School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Diez Minutos", "paragraph_text": "Diez Minutos (meaning \"Ten Minutes\" in English) is a Spanish language weekly celebrity, entertainment and women's magazine published in Madrid, Spain.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "École secondaire catholique Garneau", "paragraph_text": "École secondaire catholique Garneau (Garneau Catholic High School), is a French-language high school teaching grades 7–12 in the community of Orléans in the eastern end of Ottawa, Ontario (capital of Canada).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "History of English", "paragraph_text": "English is a West Germanic language that originated from Anglo - Frisian dialects brought to Britain in the mid 5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo - Saxon settlers from what is now northwest Germany, west Denmark and the Netherlands, displacing the Celtic languages that previously predominated.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Portugal. Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal, originating from Galician-Portuguese, which was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal. Particularly in the North of Portugal, there are still many similarities between the Galician culture and the Portuguese culture. Galicia is a consultative observer of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. According to the Ethnologue of Languages, Portuguese and Spanish have a lexical similarity of 89% - educated speakers of each language can communicate easily with one another.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Christa Prets", "paragraph_text": "Christa Prets (born 2 October 1947 in Diez, Germany) is an Austrian politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP). She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Culture and Education and its Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Saxe-Lauenburg", "paragraph_text": "The Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg (, called \"Niedersachsen\" (Lower Saxony) between the 14th and 17th centuries), was a \"reichsfrei\" duchy that existed 1296–1803 and 1814–1876 in the extreme southeast region of what is now Schleswig-Holstein. Its territorial center was in the modern district of Herzogtum Lauenburg and originally its eponymous capital was Lauenburg upon Elbe, though in 1619 the capital moved to Ratzeburg.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 127505, "question": "In what language is Diez Minutos?", "answer": "Spanish", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 68782, "question": "what's the capital of mexico in #1", "answer": "Ciudad de México", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Peugeot HR1", "paragraph_text": "The Peugeot HR1 is a concept car designed by Peugeot for the 2010 Paris Motor Show. It is a Supermini SUV and features an innovative hybrid powertrain. Instead of using a diesel linked to an electric motor, like in the Peugeot 3008 and Peugeot 508, it uses a 1.2 litre petrol engine. The concept is 3.67m long, which is shorter than the Nissan Juke, but longer than the Citroën Lacoste. The Lacoste is its sister car and also uses a hybrid engine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mona Shores Public Schools", "paragraph_text": "Mona Shores Public Schools is a public school district located in Michigan, United States, in the western side of the state near Lake Michigan. The district includes most of the city of Norton Shores, which is just south of Muskegon. The superintendent is Bill O'Brien.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Petro Sport Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The Petrosport Stadium (, : Estad Petrosport) is a multi-use stadium with an all-seated capacity of 16,000 located in Cairo Governorate, Egypt. It was completed in 2006. It is the home for ENPPI and other Petrol clubs in Egypt. Zamalek also play the majority of their home games at the Petrosport Stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Upper Norton Lake", "paragraph_text": "Upper Norton Lake is an alpine lake in Blaine County, Idaho, United States, located in the Smoky Mountains in Sawtooth National Forest. It is most easily accessed from trail 135 from the end of forest road 170. The lake is located northeast of Prairie Creek Peak. It is also near Smoky Lake, Big Lost Lake, Little Lost Lake, and Lower Norton Lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "9767 Midsomer Norton", "paragraph_text": "9767 Midsomer Norton (1992 EB1) is an outer main-belt asteroid discovered on March 10, 1992, by Duncan Steel at Siding Spring. It is one of very few asteroids located in the 2 : 1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Formula One engines", "paragraph_text": "The FIA announced the intention to change the 2.4 - litre V8 engines to 1.6 litre V6 turbo engines for the 2014 season. The new regulations include multiple energy recovery systems and fuel flow restrictions, to attract more commercial partners.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Testerton", "paragraph_text": "Testerton is a small village in the English county of Norfolk. It is located between the village of Great Ryburgh and the market town of Fakenham. Any remaining population is included in the civil parish of Pudding Norton.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "So Graham Norton", "paragraph_text": "So Graham Norton is a British television chat show hosted by Irish personality Graham Norton. It aired on Channel 4 from 3 July 1998 to 1 March 2002.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre", "paragraph_text": "The Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre, which is situated north-west of the village of Gaydon, Warwickshire, England, is one of the principal engineering centres of Jaguar Land Rover and the location of the headquarters of Land Rover. The site houses a design, research and development centre and extensive test track facilities and is used for the design and development of Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles. The site, along with the smaller Aston Martin facility adjacent, occupies the land that was once the RAF V bomber base of RAF Gaydon. The British Motor Museum is also located on the same site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Conflict of Wings", "paragraph_text": "The film was made at Beaconsfield Film Studios, on location in Norfolkand in East Yorkshire at RAF Leconfield. The film sets were designed by art director Ray Simm.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Heineken", "paragraph_text": "Since 1975, most Heineken brand beer has been brewed at their brewery in Zoeterwoude, Netherlands. In 2011, 2.74 billion litres of Heineken brand beer were produced worldwide, while the total beer production of all breweries fully owned by the Heineken Group over all brands was 16.46 billion litres globally.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Airport", "paragraph_text": "An airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for the Royal Air Force's scheduled TriStar flights to the Falkland Islands. Some airbases are co-located with civilian airports, sharing the same ATC facilities, runways, taxiways and emergency services, but with separate terminals, parking areas and hangars. Bardufoss Airport , Bardufoss Air Station in Norway and Pune Airport in India are examples of this.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "VM Motori", "paragraph_text": "In 1995, when OEM automotive sales accounted for 75% of income, a major deal with Chrysler saw agreements to supply engines for their Jeep Grand Cherokee and Voyager (2.5 - litre) models. VM Motori's 2.8 - litre common rail turbodiesel engine was chosen for the Jeep Liberty CRD (Cherokee in Europe). The 2005 and later Chrysler Grand Voyager and 2012 model year Chevrolet Colorado That sale in Thailand is also fitted with the VM 2.8 - litre (R428) engine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Metrication in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "1970 Electric Cable Makers Confederation, British Aerospace Companies Limited drawing and documentation, London Metal Exchange, flat glass 1971 Paper and board, National Coal Board designs, pharmaceuticals 1972 Paint industry, steel industry, building regulations 1974 Textile and wool transactions, leading clothing manufacturers adopt dual units 1975 Retail trade in fabrics and floor coverings, post office tariffs, medical practice 1976 Bulk sales of petroleum, agriculture and horticulture 1977 Livestock auctions 1978 Solid fuel retailing, cheese wholesaling, bread, London Commodity Market", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Children in Need 2005", "paragraph_text": "Children in Need 2005 was a campaign held in the United Kingdom to raise money for the charity Children in Need. It culminated in a live broadcast on BBC One on the evening of Friday 18 November and was hosted by Terry Wogan, Fearne Cotton, Natasha Kaplinsky and, from RAF Brize Norton, Matt Allwright. The voice over was Alan Dedicoat. A total of £17,235,256 was raised by the closing minute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "John Bruce Norton", "paragraph_text": "John Bruce Norton (8 July 1815 – 13 July 1883) was a British lawyer and educationist who served as the Advocate-General of Madras Presidency. He was the father of lawyer and Indian independence activist Eardley Norton.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "W. W. Norton & Company", "paragraph_text": "W.W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. It has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its ``Norton Anthologies ''(particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, the latter of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Petrol engine", "paragraph_text": "The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nikolaus August Otto, although there had been earlier attempts by Étienne Lenoir, Siegfried Marcus, Julius Hock and George Brayton. The first petrol combustion engine (one cylinder, 121.6 cm displacement) was prototyped in 1882 in Italy by Enrico Bernardi. British engineer Edward Butler constructed the first petrol (gasoline) internal combustion engine. Butler invented the spark plug, ignition magneto, coil ignition and spray jet carburetor, and was the first to use the word petrol.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Lagonda 3-Litre", "paragraph_text": "The Lagonda 3-Litre is an automobile which was produced by Aston Martin Lagonda from 1953 to 1958. It was the second Lagonda model of the David Brown/Aston Martin era. The 3-Litre was fitted with a higher displacement 2.9 L 140 bhp version of the twin overhead camshaft Lagonda Straight-6 engine designed by Walter Owen Bentley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Eunice Norton", "paragraph_text": "Norton was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She studied as a child at the University of Minnesota with William Lindsay, who later introduced her to Dame Myra Hess. Hess was so impressed with the 15-year-old Norton's playing that she arranged for Norton to study in England in 1923 with Hess's own mentor, the famed pedagogue Tobias Matthay, with whom Norton would remain in association for 8 years.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 35928, "question": "Where is RAF Brize Norton located?", "answer": "the UK", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 48057, "question": "when did #1 start selling petrol in litres", "answer": "1976", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Thuringia", "paragraph_text": "Mining was important in Thuringia since the later Middle Ages, especially within the mining towns of the Thuringian Forest such as Schmalkalden, Suhl and Ilmenau. Following the industrial revolution, the old iron, copper and silver mines declined because the competition from imported metal was too strong. On the other hand, the late 19th century brought new types of mines to Thuringia: the lignite surface mining around Meuselwitz near Altenburg in the east of the Land started in the 1870s, and two potash mining districts were established around 1900. These are the Südharzrevier in the north of the state, between Bischofferode in the west and Roßleben in the east with Sondershausen at its centre, and the Werrarevier on the Hessian border around Vacha and Bad Salzungen in the west. Together, they accounted for a significant part of the world's potash production in the mid-20th century. After the reunification, the Südharzrevier was abandoned, whereas K+S took over the mines in the Werrarevier. Between 1950 and 1990, uranium mining was also important to cover the Soviet Union's need for this metal. The centre was Ronneburg near Gera in eastern Thuringia and the operating company Wismut was under direct Soviet control.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mineral", "paragraph_text": "There are over 5,300 known mineral species; as of March 2017, over 5,230 of these had been approved by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA). The silicate minerals compose over 90% of the Earth's crust. Silicon and oxygen constitute approximately 75% of the Earth's crust, which translates directly into the predominance of silicate minerals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Christian Frederick Matthaei", "paragraph_text": "Christian Frederick Matthaei (4 March 1744 in Mücheln – 26 September 1811), a Thuringian, palaeographer, classical philologist, professor first at Wittenberg and then at Moscow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Geology", "paragraph_text": "Petrologists can also use fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments to understand the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear, and how they change through igneous and metamorphic processes. This research can be extrapolated to the field to understand metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks. This work can also help to explain processes that occur within the Earth, such as subduction and magma chamber evolution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Howard, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Howard is a city in Miner County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 858 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat and most populous city in Miner County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Coal Miner's Daughter (song)", "paragraph_text": "``Coal Miner's Daughter ''served as the name of Lynn's 1976 autobiography, Coal Miner's Daughter: The Autobiography, which Lynn co-wrote. The song title also served as the name of Lynn's 1980 biographical motion picture on her life, Coal Miner's Daughter. The movie starred actress Sissy Spacek as Lynn and Tommy Lee Jones as Lynn's husband. The film's soundtrack featured Spacek singing all of Lynn's hits sung in the movie, including`` Coal Miner's Daughter''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "In the course of this religious upheaval, the German Peasants' War of 1524–25 swept through the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities. After the Eighty Years' War in the Low Countries and the French Wars of Religion, the confessional division of the states of the Holy Roman Empire eventually erupted in the Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648. It devastated much of Germany, killing between 25% and 40% of its population. The main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War, were:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Physics and Chemistry of Minerals", "paragraph_text": "Physics and Chemistry of Minerals is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal publishes articles and short communications on minerals or solids related to minerals and covers applications of modern techniques or new theories and models to interpret atomic structures and physical of chemical properties of minerals. Topics includes: general solid state spectroscopy, experimental and theoretical analysis of chemical bonding in minerals, physical properties, fundamental properties of atomic structure, mineral surfaces.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Rapidcreekite", "paragraph_text": "Rapidcreekite was first encountered in 1983 in a tributary of Rapid Creek unofficially known as Crosscut Creek at in northern Yukon. The mineral was named \"rapidcreekite\" for the general area in which it was found. The mineral and name were approved by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (IMA1984-035). Rapidcreekite was described in 1986 in the journal \"Canadian Mineralogist\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Leutenberg", "paragraph_text": "Leutenberg is a town in the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated in the Thuringian Forest, 18 km southeast of Saalfeld.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Witherite", "paragraph_text": "Witherite was named after William Withering (1741–1799) an English physician and naturalist who in 1784 published his research on the new mineral. He could show that barite and the new mineral were two different minerals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves—mainly in the north—after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognised Portuguese mines that are still in operation.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Krokodil", "paragraph_text": "Krokodil (, \"crocodile\") was a satirical magazine published in the Soviet Union. It was founded in 1922, at first as the satirical supplement to the \"Workers' Gazette\" (called simply «Приложения» [Supplement]); when it became a separate publication, the name 'Crocodile' was chosen at an editorial meeting from among a list of suggested animal names. At that time, a large number of satirical magazines existed, such as \"Zanoza\" and \"Prozhektor\". Nearly all of them eventually disappeared.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Thuringia", "paragraph_text": "The GDP of Thuringia is below the national average, in line with the other former East German Lands. Until 2004, Thuringia was one of the weakest regions within the European Union. The accession of several new countries, the crisis in southern Europe and the sustained economic growth in Germany since 2005 has brought the Thuringian GDP close to the EU average since then. The high economic subsidies granted by the federal government and the EU after 1990 are being reduced gradually and will end around 2020.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Lepidolite", "paragraph_text": "Lepidolite is a lilac-gray or rose-colored member of the mica group of minerals with formula K(Li,Al,Rb)(Al,Si)O(F,OH). It is the most abundant lithium-bearing mineral and is a secondary source of this metal. It is a phyllosilicate mineral and a member of the polylithionite-trilithionite series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Crocodile (short story)", "paragraph_text": "\"The Crocodile\" (, \"Krokodil\") is a short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky that was first published in 1865 in his magazine \"Epoch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jackson Springs, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Jackson Springs is an unincorporated community in Moore County, North Carolina, United States. In the early 1900's Jackson Springs was a bustling community, complete with a grand hotel, drugstore, train depot, bowling alley, and various other businesses. The town had become famous for its flowing springs of mineral water which many believed had therapeutic qualities. The springs helped give the town notoriety as a health resort.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "God Help Me (film)", "paragraph_text": "God Help Me is a 2006 American Christian direct-to-video romantic comedy film written and produced by Dan Olds. It was directed by Reece Tedford, and stars Tom Miner, George Moss, Jim Anderson, Candace Orrino and Shelley Findley. The film was produced by Dust Storm Productions, and distributed on July 13, 2006 by CustomFlix.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Spitter (river)", "paragraph_text": "The Spitter is a stream near Tambach-Dietharz in the Thuringian Forest in Germany. It flows through the Spitter Valley and has the highest waterfall in Thuringia. The course of the Spitter crosses the Rennsteig in the area of the Ebertswiese nature reserve and is the only stream along the route of the Rennsteig.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Thuringia", "paragraph_text": "Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony. The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. In 1920, after World War I, these small states merged into one state, called Thuringia; only Saxe-Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107263, "question": "Which was the country for Krokodil?", "answer": "Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 20366, "question": "What did the Thuringian miners do to help #1 ?", "answer": "uranium mining was also important to cover the Soviet Union's need for this metal", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Marcia Gudereit", "paragraph_text": "Born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, she was part of Team Schmirler, the women's curling team that won a gold medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics. This team is the only 3-time winner of the World Curling Championship (1993, 1994, 1997). After Sandra died, she remained in the team, now skipped by Jan Betker for whom she currently plays. She curls out of the Caledonia Curling Club in Regina, Saskatchewan and works as a systems analyst for The Co-operators.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "2018 World Men's Curling Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the 361 _̊ World Men's Curling Championship 2018 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 31 to April 8, 2018 at Orleans Arena, on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2009 United States Olympic Curling Trials", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 United States Olympic Curling Team Trials were held from February 21 to 28, 2009 at the Broomfield Event Center in Broomfield, Colorado. Trials have been held ever since curling returned to the Olympics as a demonstration sport in 1988. The trials also constituted the 2009 United States National Curling Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jordan Pinder", "paragraph_text": "Jordan Pinder (born 24 April 1984 in Miramichi, New Brunswick), is a Canadian curler originally from New Brunswick. He now lives in Blockhouse, Nova Scotia, and curls out of the Lakeshore Curling Club in Lower Sackville, Nova Scotia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Winter Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The Olympic Winter Games (official name) (French: Jeux olympiques d'hiver) is a major international sporting event held once every four years, for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The original five sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948. Until 1992 the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four - year cycles in alternating even - numbered years, the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mary, Queen of Scots", "paragraph_text": "Mary, the only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scotland, was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne. She spent most of her childhood in France while Scotland was ruled by regents, and in 1558, she married the Dauphin of France, Francis. He ascended the French throne as King Francis II in 1559, and Mary briefly became queen consort of France, until his death in December 1560. Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland, arriving in Leith on 19 August 1561. Four years later, she married her first cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, but their union was unhappy. In February 1567, his residence was destroyed by an explosion, and Darnley was found murdered in the garden.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ray Werner", "paragraph_text": "Raymond Werner (c. 1935 – May 17, 1998) was the third on the Alberta Avenue CC curling team (from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) during the World Curling Championships known as the 1961 Scotch Cup. He died in 1998.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Rolling Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Rolling Bridge is a type of curling movable bridge completed in 2004 as part of the Grand Union Canal office and retail development project at Paddington Basin, London. Despite the connotation of its name, it is more accurately described as \"\"curling\"\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bud McCartney", "paragraph_text": "Bud McCartney was the lead on the Granite Curling Club curling team (from Seattle, Washington, United States) during the Curling World Championships known as the 1961 Scotch Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Curling", "paragraph_text": "Curling Curling games taking place during the 2005 Tim Hortons Brier Highest governing body World Curling Federation Nicknames Chess On Ice, The Roaring Game First played Approximately late medieval Scotland Registered players est. 1,500,000 Characteristics Contact No Team members 4 or 3 per team (2 in mixed doubles) Mixed gender Yes; see mixed curling Type Precision and accuracy Equipment Curling brooms, stones (rocks), curling shoes Venue Curling sheet Glossary Glossary of curling Presence Olympic First event in 1924 (retroactively made official in 2006). Demonstration sport in 1932, 1988 and 1992. Officially added in 1998. Paralympic Wheelchair curling officially added in 2006.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Terry Kleffman", "paragraph_text": "Terry Kleffman was the Third man on the Hibbing CC curling team (from Minnesota, United States) during the World Curling Championships known as the 1962 Scotch Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The curling competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 8 and 25 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. This was the seventh time that curling is on the Olympic program. In each of the men's and women's competitions, ten nations competed. As decided in 2015, a third competition, mixed doubles curling, has graduated from a spectator sport to a full medal competition. Teams consisted of one woman and one man. There were eight participating countries in the mixed competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Men with Brooms", "paragraph_text": "Men with Brooms is a 2002 Canadian romantic comedy film, starring and directed by Paul Gross. Centred on the sport of curling, the offbeat comedy tells the story of a reunited curling team from a small Canadian town as they work through their respective life issues and struggle to win the championship for the sake of their late coach.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Half crown (British coin)", "paragraph_text": "The half crown was a denomination of British money, equivalent to two shillings and sixpence, or one - eighth of a pound. The half crown was first issued in 1549, in the reign of Edward VI. No half crowns were issued in the reign of Mary, but from the reign of Elizabeth I half crowns were issued in every reign except Edward VIII, until the coins were discontinued in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Curling at the 2003 Winter Universiade", "paragraph_text": "Curling at the 2003 Winter Universiade took place from January 17 to 23 at the Curling Arena in Tarvisio, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Square Biz", "paragraph_text": "\"Square Biz\" is a song by American R&B singer, Teena Marie. The song was released as a single in 1981 from the album \"It Must Be Magic\". It would go on to become one of Marie's signature songs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Leaving on a Jet Plane", "paragraph_text": "``Leaving on a Jet Plane ''is a song written by John Denver in 1966 and most famously recorded by Peter, Paul and Mary. The original title of the song was`` Babe, I Hate to Go'', as featured on his 1966 studio album John Denver Sings, but Denver's then producer Milt Okun convinced him to change the title. Peter, Paul and Mary recorded the song for their 1967 Album 1700 but only released it as a single in 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Curling at the Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Curling was included in the program of the inaugural Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix although the results of that competition were not considered official by the International Olympic Committee until 2006. Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Lorne De Pape", "paragraph_text": "Lorne De Pape (born 18 April 1955 in Saint Boniface, Manitoba) is a Canadian-born New Zealand curler. He moved to New Zealand in the 1990s due to his job for Monsanto. He competed for New Zealand at the 2006 Winter Olympics despite the country having limited curling resources at the time. His curling teammates were skip Sean Becker, Hans Frauenlob, Dan Mustapic and Warren Dobson. Before that he had helped found the Auckland Curling Club in 1996 and has won 4 gold medals at the Pacific Curling Championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "400 metres at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "400 metres at the Olympic Games The 2012 Olympic men's 400 m final Overview Sport Athletics Gender Men and women Years held Men: 1896 -- 2016 Women: 1964 -- 2016 Olympic record Men 43.03 Wayde van Niekerk (2016) Women 48.25 Marie - José Pérec (1996) Reigning champion Men Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) Women Shaunae Miller (BAH)", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 73940, "question": "where did the sport of curling originate from", "answer": "Scotland", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 56195, "question": "when does mary go to #1 in reign", "answer": "19 August 1561", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Military history of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "War on Terror", "paragraph_text": "In 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1624 concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws. Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports. In the same year, the United States Department of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a planning document, by the name \"National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism\", which stated that it constituted the \"comprehensive military plan to prosecute the Global War on Terror for the Armed Forces of the United States...including the findings and recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and a rigorous examination with the Department of Defense\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Division of Korea", "paragraph_text": "With the onset of the Cold War, negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union failed to lead to an independent, unified Korea. In 1948, UN-supervised elections were held in the US - occupied south only. This led to the establishment of the Republic of Korea in South Korea, which was promptly followed by the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in North Korea. The United States supported the South, the Soviet Union supported the North, and each government claimed sovereignty over the whole Korean peninsula.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gukhwa-ppang", "paragraph_text": "Gukhwa-ppang (; \"chrysanthemum bread\") is a flower-shaped pastry stuffed with sweetened red bean paste. It is a warm street food sold throughout Korea. It is grilled in an appliance similar to a waffle iron, but with flower-shaped molds.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "United States National Guard", "paragraph_text": "National Guard of the United States Active English colonial government militias: since December 13, 1636 As ``National Guard '': since 1824 in New York, since 1903 nationwide Dual state - federal reserve forces: since 1933 Country United States Allegiance Federal (10 U.S.C. § E) State and territorial (32 U.S.C.) Branch United States Army United States Air Force Role Reserve component of the U.S. Armed Forces Militia of the United States Size 450,100 Part of National Guard Bureau Garrison / HQ All 50 U.S. states, and organized U.S. territories, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia Nickname (s)`` Air Guard'' ``Army Guard ''Motto (s)`` Always Ready, Always There!'' Commanders Chief of the National Guard Bureau General Joseph L. Lengyel, USAF Insignia Seal of the Army National Guard Seal of the Air National Guard", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Allied Command Europe Mobile Force", "paragraph_text": "The Allied Command Europe Mobile Force was a small NATO quick reaction force, headquartered at Heidelberg, Germany, active from 1960 to 2002. It formed part of Allied Command Europe (ACE), headquartered at SHAPE at Casteau, Belgium. The land component of the force, consisting of a brigade-sized formation of about 5,000 personnel, was composed of units from 14 NATO states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "The military of Estonia is based upon the Estonian Defence Forces (Estonian: Kaitsevägi), which is the name of the unified armed forces of the republic with Maavägi (Army), Merevägi (Navy), Õhuvägi (Air Force) and a paramilitary national guard organisation Kaitseliit (Defence League). The Estonian National Defence Policy aim is to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state, the integrity of its land, territorial waters, airspace and its constitutional order. Current strategic goals are to defend the country's interests, develop the armed forces for interoperability with other NATO and EU member forces, and participation in NATO missions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "United States Department of the Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The Department of the Air Force (DAF) is one of the three Military Departments within the Department of Defense of the United States of America. The Department of the Air Force was formed on September 18, 1947, per the National Security Act of 1947 and it includes all elements and units of the United States Air Force (USAF).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, contributes to promoting security and is also an integral part of this mission. Moreover, different deterrence strategies are required to deter various adversaries, whether they are a nation state, or non-state/transnational actor. The Air Force maintains and presents credible deterrent capabilities through successful visible demonstrations and exercises which assure allies, dissuade proliferation, deter potential adversaries from actions that threaten US national security or the populations and deployed military forces of the US, its allies and friends.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Military history of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the \"RVN\"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or \"VC\", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Invasion of Kuwait", "paragraph_text": "The Invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 was a two - day operation conducted by Iraq against the neighboring state of Kuwait, which resulted in the seven - month - long Iraqi occupation of the country. This invasion and Iraq's subsequent refusal to withdraw from Kuwait by a deadline mandated by the United Nations led to military intervention by a United Nations - authorized coalition of forces led by the United States. These events came to be known as the first Gulf War and resulted in the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait and the Iraqis setting 600 Kuwaiti oil wells on fire during their retreat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "428th Field Artillery Brigade", "paragraph_text": "The 428th Field Artillery Brigade is a training unit under the United States Field Artillery School, a formation under TRADOC. The brigade trains all officers and enlisted personnel from the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps as well as allied nation military personnel in field artillery core competencies in order to provide proficient integrators of lethal and non-lethal fires to the operational force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U.S. military to be formed, and is the largest and one of the world's most technologically advanced air forces. The USAF articulates its core functions as Nuclear Deterrence Operations, Special Operations, Air Superiority, Global Integrated ISR, Space Superiority, Command and Control, Cyberspace Superiority, Personnel Recovery, Global Precision Attack, Building Partnerships, Rapid Global Mobility and Agile Combat Support.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The major Allied participants were the United States, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom (including the armed forces of British India, the Fiji Islands, Samoa, etc.), Australia, the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Netherlands (as the possessor of the Dutch East Indies and the western part of New Guinea), New Zealand, and Canada, all of whom were members of the Pacific War Council. Mexico, Free France and many other countries also took part, especially forces from other British colonies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Lend-Lease", "paragraph_text": "The lend - lease policy, formally titled ``An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States '', (Pub. L. 77 -- 11, H.R. 1776, 55 Stat. 31, enacted March 11, 1941) was a program by which the United States supplied Free France, the United Kingdom, the Republic of China, and later the Soviet Union and other Allied nations with food, oil, and materiel between 1941 and August 1945. This included warships and warplanes, along with other weaponry. The policy was signed into law on March 11, 1941 and ended during September 1945. The aid was free for some countries, although some countries were repaying with gold, and some military equipment were required to be returned after the war. In return for the aid, the U.S. was given leases on army and naval bases in Allied territory during the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "History of the United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The United States Air Force became a separate military service on 18 September 1947 with the implementation of the National Security Act of 1947. The Act created the National Military Establishment, later renamed the United States Department of Defense, which was composed of four of the five branches, the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and a newly created Air Force. Prior to 1947, the responsibility for military aviation was divided between the Army for land - based operations and the Navy and Marine Corps for sea - based operations from aircraft carrier and amphibious aircraft. The Army created the first antecedent of the Air Force on 1 August 1907, which through a succession of changes of organization, titles, and missions advanced toward eventual separation 40 years later. The predecessor organizations leading up to today's U.S. Air Force are:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "United States Department of War", "paragraph_text": "The War Department existed from August 7, 1789 until September 18, 1947, when it split into Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force and joined the Department of the Navy as part of the new joint National Military Establishment (NME), renamed the United States Department of Defense in 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "National Personnel Records Center fire", "paragraph_text": "The National Personnel Records Center fire of 1973, also referred to as the 1973 National Archives fire, was a fire that occurred at the Military Personnel Records Center (MPRC - part of the National Personnel Records Center) in Overland, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis, on July 12, 1973, striking a severe blow to the National Archives and Records Administration of the United States. MPRC, the custodian of military service records, lost approximately 16–18 million official military personnel records as a result of the fire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Republic of China Military Police", "paragraph_text": "The Republic of China Military Police (ROCMP; ) is a military police body under the Ministry of National Defense of Taiwan (Republic of China). Unlike military police in many other countries, ROCMP is a separate branch of the ROC Armed Forces. ROCMP is responsible for protecting government leaders from assassination or capture, guarding Taiwan’s strategic facilities, and counterintelligence against enemy infiltrators, spies, and saboteurs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "United States Army", "paragraph_text": "As a uniformed military service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is \"to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders.\" The service participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106929, "question": "Which was the country for Gukhwappang?", "answer": "Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 46674, "question": "which nation was not part of the united nations allied military force in #1", "answer": "North Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of tributaries of Catawissa Creek", "paragraph_text": "Catawissa Creek is a long creek flowing into the Susquehanna River with 26 named tributaries, of which 19 are direct tributaries. The creek flows through Luzerne, Schuylkill, and Columbia counties in Pennsylvania. The two shortest tributaries are approximately long, while the longest is about in length. The tributaries include seventeen runs, six creeks, and three hollows (unnamed streams named after named valleys that they flow through). By length, the five largest tributaries of Catawissa Creek are Little Catawissa Creek, Tomhicken Creek, Scotch Run, Beaver Run, and Messers Run. By watershed area, the five largest tributaries are Tomhicken Creek, Little Catawissa Creek, Beaver Run, Scotch Run, and Messers Run.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Naselle, Washington", "paragraph_text": "Naselle is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pacific County, Washington, United States. The population was 419 at the 2010 census. Though very near Columbia River's estuary, the valley's Naselle River flows west into nearby Willapa Bay and then into the Pacific Ocean. Close about the town lie the evergreen-covered Willapa Hills. The river's name has been spelled Nasel and Nasal. An early settler along the river called it the Kenebec. The name comes from the Nisal Indians, a Chinookan tribe formerly residing on the river.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Jardin botanique de Bordeaux", "paragraph_text": "The Jardin botanique de Bordeaux (0.5 hectares) is a municipal botanical garden located at Place Bardineau, Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France; it is open daily without charge. This historic garden has been recently supplemented by the Jardin botanique de la Bastide, located across the river.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Meeting Across the River", "paragraph_text": "\"Meeting Across the River\" is the seventh track on Bruce Springsteen's breakthrough 1975 album, \"Born to Run\"; it also appeared as the B-side of \"Born to Run\", the lead single from that album. The song is often paired with \"Jungleland\" in concert, though without the Randy Brecker trumpet part from the record and with regular bass guitarist Garry Tallent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ga'aton River", "paragraph_text": "The Ga'aton River (, Nehar HaGa'aton) is a small river in the Northern District of Israel. It passes through the town of Nahariya before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. The river runs through the main street of Nahariya, a city that takes its name from the river (\"nahar\" means river in Hebrew).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Sikanni Chief, British Columbia", "paragraph_text": "Sikanni Chief is an unincorporated locality in the Northern Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on the north bank of the Sikanni Chief River, at an elevation of . Highway 97 / Alaska Highway runs through this place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Hoosic River", "paragraph_text": "The Hoosic River, also known as the Hoosac, the Hoosick (primarily in New York) and the Hoosuck (mostly archaic), is a tributary of the Hudson River in the northeastern United States. The different spellings are the result of varying transliterations of the river's original Algonquian name. It can be translated either as \"the beyond place\" (as in beyond, or east of, the Hudson) or as \"the stony place\" (perhaps because the river's stony bottom is usually exposed except in spring, or perhaps because local soils are so stony).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million people, making it the fourteenth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second-largest in the Midwestern United States (behind Chicago). It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pader (river)", "paragraph_text": "The Pader is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, left tributary of the Lippe. It runs through the city of Paderborn, which it gave its name. Although fairly wide, it is only 4 km in length which makes it the shortest river this size of Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "The name \"\" was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name \"Niger\", which originally applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name \"egerew n-igerewen\" used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built, is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a toll bridge. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom. The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Qualicum River", "paragraph_text": "The Qualicum River /in the Pentlach language = \"Where the Dog Salmon Run\" / (marked on highway signs in the area as the Big Qualicum River) is a river on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, flowing northeast from its headwaters in Horne Lake into the Strait of Georgia just south of Qualicum Bay, near the town of Qualicum Beach. The river's name comes from that of the Qualicum people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Laitumkhrah", "paragraph_text": "Laitumkhrah (Khasi: lait meaning \"free\" and umkhrah which is the name of a river \"Umkhrah\") is a census town in Shillong, Meghalaya, India. The name of the place basically means a place where the river \"Umkhrah\" originates from making its name aptly suited.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as \"Central Sudan\". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Coal River (Canada)", "paragraph_text": "The Coal River runs from southern Yukon, Canada, into northern British Columbia, Canada, where it flows into the Liard River at historic milepost 533 of the Alaska Highway (Highway 97). It was originally named Charles River in 1831, after John Charles of the Hudson's Bay Company. When Canadian explorer-geologist Richard George McConnell visited the river in 1887, he noted deposits of low grade lignite that had been brought down by the river.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "HMCS Yukon (DDE 263)", "paragraph_text": "HMCS \"Yukon\" was a that served in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and later the Canadian Forces. She was the first Canadian naval unit to carry the name. She was named for the Yukon River that runs from British Columbia through Yukon and into Alaska in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Children Without", "paragraph_text": "Children Without is a 1964 American short documentary film directed by Charles Guggenheim, about a young girl and her brother growing up in the housing projects of Detroit. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short, losing to another film by Guggenheim, \"Nine from Little Rock\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Murr (river)", "paragraph_text": "The is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, right tributary of the Neckar. The river gave its name to a small town on its banks, Murr, and to the Rems-Murr-Kreis district, which was also named after the river Rems, which runs roughly parallel to the south of the Murr.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "I Am Number Four", "paragraph_text": "A prelude of the killing of one of the Garde children -- No. 3 -- by Mogadorians. This story is about a 15 - year - old boy named John Smith. He has been on the run from the age of 4, and he is from a planet called Lorien.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chuanhui District", "paragraph_text": "Chuanhui District () is a district of the city of Zhoukou, Henan province, China. It lies at the intersection of the Ying River, Sha River and Jialu River. The name \"Chuanhui\" means that three rivers come across. From 17th century to 19th century, it was an important port in China's Inland Waterway System, connecting Huai River and Yellow River. Now it is the place where the government of Zhoukou City locates.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 136418, "question": "Which place is Children Without in?", "answer": "Detroit", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 26004, "question": "What is the name of the river that runs through #1 ?", "answer": "Detroit River", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Carter Lake (Iowa–Nebraska)", "paragraph_text": "Carter Lake is a shallow oxbow lake in Nebraska and Iowa, located next to Omaha and Carter Lake. Soon after its formation the lake was called the East Omaha Lake, and then Lake Nakoma.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Michigan Island", "paragraph_text": "Michigan Island is one of the Apostle Islands located in western Lake Superior, off the Bayfield Peninsula, in northern Wisconsin. This island has no human inhabitants, and is managed by the National Park Service as part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. It is centered at approximately 46.87° N 90.49° W and has a maximum elevation of 758' above sea level. Along its shores, it rises about 48 feet above Lake Superior's official elevation of 602'. The Michigan Island Light, which has two towers, is located on the island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Jinks Island", "paragraph_text": "Jinks Island () is an island lying north of Pickwick Island, in the Pitt Islands of the Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. Shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 after Mr. Jinks, a character in Charles Dickens' \"The Pickwick Papers\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Victoria Lake (Newfoundland and Labrador)", "paragraph_text": "Victoria Lake is a lake located in the west-central interior of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The lake is south-east of Red Indian Lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Battle Lake (Alberta)", "paragraph_text": "Battle Lake is a lake in Alberta, Canada. It is located in the County of Wetaskiwin No. 10 approximately southwest of Edmonton. A locality by the same name is located just east of the lake. Battle River originates in the lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Lake Ouachita", "paragraph_text": "The lake is located near Hot Springs, Arkansas. Lake Ouachita is the largest lake completely in Arkansas, as the larger Bull Shoals Lake extends into Missouri. Lake Ouachita has over 690 miles (1,110 km) of shoreline and over 66,324 acres (26,840 ha) of water. It is completely surrounded by the Ouachita National Forest. Lake Ouachita is located near two other lakes, Lake Hamilton and Lake Catherine. These three lakes, DeGray Lake to the near south, and the thermal springs of Hot Springs National Park make Hot Springs a popular tourist getaway.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Schoen Lake Provincial Park", "paragraph_text": "Schoen Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in northeastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, located east of the community of Woss Lake and southwest of Sayward. The park lies inside the Nimpkish Valley watershed. On October 28, 1977 the \"Class A\" park was officially created to protect, exhibit and interpret an example of the natural features and processes of the Insular Mountains Natural Region. The park covers a total area of 8170 hectares or 20,188 acres. Within those hectares of park land is a number of lakes, creeks and mountain ranges.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cranberry Junction", "paragraph_text": "Cranberry Junction is an unincorporated community in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, located at the junction of the Nisga'a Highway and the Dease Lake Highway (aka the Stewart-Cassiar Highway or BC Highway 37). The name derives from the junctions location on the south bank of the Cranberry River, and was made official in 1979 in response to the rapid growth of this junction town.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Whitefish Lake (Thunder Bay District)", "paragraph_text": "Whitefish Lake is located in the Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, near the village of Nolalu. The lake contains walleye, pike, and small mouth bass but is noted for its perch fishing. The average depth of Whitefish Lake is seven feet. Access to the lake is a public launch located on Highway 588 and many independent tourist resorts. Whitefish Lake is and has a maximum depth of . The lake drains into Lake Superior via the river Arrow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Great Lakes Airport", "paragraph_text": "Great Lakes Airport also known as Kepper Field is a private airport located approximately north of the town of Lakes Entrance in eastern Victoria, Australia. The airport was officially opened on 2 November 2003 and is capable of operating 24 hours. The airport facilities are designed to handle transport category aircraft, although there is no regular passenger service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Grand Lake (Colorado)", "paragraph_text": "Grand Lake is Colorado's largest and deepest natural lake. It is located in the headwaters of the Colorado River in Grand County, Colorado. On its north shore is located the historic and eponymous town of Grand Lake. The lake fills a glaciated valley that is dammed in part by glacial till from the Pinedale Glaciation, and is younger than about 12,000 years. Natural tributaries to the lake are the North Inlet and East Inlet, both of which flow out of Rocky Mountain National Park, which surrounds the lake on three sides: Grand Lake is located 1 mile from the Park's western entrance. Grand Lake was named Spirit Lake by the Ute Tribe because they believed the lake's cold waters to be the dwelling place of departed souls.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Waterhen Lake (Manitoba)", "paragraph_text": "Waterhen Lake is a lake in Manitoba, Canada, located about 300 km north of the provincial capital of Winnipeg, between Lake Winnipeg and Lake Winnipegosis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Lake Kozhozero", "paragraph_text": "Lake Kozhozero () is a freshwater lake, located in the south of Onezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is one of the biggest lakes in Arkhangelsk Oblast and biggest one in Onezhsky District. The area of the lake is , and the area of its basin is . Lake Kozhozero is the source of Kozha River, which is a left tributary of the Onega River and thus belongs to the White Sea basin. The lake is located in the remote area and is not connected to the outside world by any all-season roads. It is notable as a location of the Kozheozersky Monastery, known since 1560.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Fellvatnet", "paragraph_text": "Fellvatnet is a lake that lies in the municipality of Gildeskål in Nordland county, Norway. The lake is located on the mainland of Norway, north of the large lake Storglomvatnet and the Svartisen glacier. It is located in an isolated, uninhabited part of Gildeskål, south of the lake Langvatnet. It serves as a reservoir for the Langvann Hydroelectric Power Station.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kiskittogisu Lake", "paragraph_text": "Kiskittogisu Lake is a lake in the province of Manitoba in Canada north of Lake Winnipeg. The lake is a part of the Nelson River watershed and is located west of Playgreen Lake and southeast of Kiskitto Lake on the west channel of the Nelson River.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Aimee Winder Newton", "paragraph_text": "Aimee Winder Newton is an American politician and member of the Salt Lake County Council representing the 3rd district. Newton was elected with 78% of the vote in a special election on January 9, 2014 to succeed David Wilde, who had stepped down for health reasons. She won a four-year term of her own on November 4, 2014 with 56% of the vote against former Murray City mayor, Dan Snarr. Her council district includes portions of Murray, Taylorsville, West Jordan, West Valley City, South Salt Lake and Millcreek. She is the first female Republican to serve on the Salt Lake County Council.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Inland Lake Provincial Park", "paragraph_text": "Inland Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the southeast side of Powell Lake, just to the northeast of the city of Powell River in that province's northern Sunshine Coast region. Inland Lake is located between the south end of Powell Lake (W) and Haslam Lake (E).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Oak Lake Beach", "paragraph_text": "Oak Lake Beach is a community in the Canadian province of Manitoba, located on the shore of Oak Lake. It is located within the Rural Municipality of Sifton.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Eton College", "paragraph_text": "In the run-up to the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games and London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, Eton's purpose-built Dorney Lake, a permanent, eight-lane, 2,200 metre course (about 1.4 miles) in a 400-acre park, officially known throughout the Games as Eton Dorney, provided training facilities for Olympic and Paralympic competitors, and during the Games, hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Rowing competitions as well as the Olympic Canoe Sprint event, attracting over 400,000 visitors during the Games period (around 30,000 per day), and voted the best 2012 Olympic venue by spectators. Access to the 400-acre parkland around the Lake is provided to members of the public, free of charge, almost all the year round.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Charles Dickens", "paragraph_text": "The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Known as ``The Pickwick Papers '') (Monthly serial, April 1836 to November 1837)", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130914, "question": "What state is Pickwick Lake located?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 24607, "question": "When did #1 officially vote to secede?", "answer": "June 8, 1861", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Selah Jubilee Singers", "paragraph_text": "The Selah Jubilee Singers were an American gospel vocal quartet, who appeared in public as a gospel group but who also had a successful recording career as a secular group in the 1930s & 1940s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Be Blessed", "paragraph_text": "\"Be Blessed\" is a song by American singer Yolanda Adams, a single from her 2005 album \"Day By Day\". The song topped the Gospel \"Billboard\" chart making it one of the most successful Gospel songs of 2005.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bobby Jones Gospel", "paragraph_text": "Bobby Jones Gospel (sometimes called \"The Bobby Jones Gospel Hour\") was a program on Black Entertainment Television hosted by Dr. Bobby Jones airing Sunday mornings at 9:00E/8:00C. The series premiered on Sunday, January 27, 1980, two days after the network's January 25 launch. \"Bobby Jones Gospel\" features performances by famed Gospel artists, as well as new and up and coming gospel artists. , the series is BET's longest running. On April 27, 2015 it was announced the show would be coming to an end after 35 years. The finale aired July 31, 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Down in New Orleans", "paragraph_text": "Down in New Orleans is a gospel album by The Blind Boys of Alabama, released in 2008. It won Best Traditional Gospel Album at the 51st Grammy Awards. At the Dove Awards of 2009, the album won Traditional Gospel Album of the Year, and the track \"Free at Last\" won Traditional Gospel Recorded Song of the Year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "The earliest detailed accounts of the death of Jesus are contained in the four canonical gospels. There are other, more implicit references in the New Testament epistles. In the synoptic gospels, Jesus predicts his death in three separate episodes. All four Gospels conclude with an extended narrative of Jesus' arrest, trial, crucifixion, burial, and accounts of resurrection. In each Gospel these five events in the life of Jesus are treated with more intense detail than any other portion of that Gospel's narrative. Scholars note that the reader receives an almost hour-by-hour account of what is happening.:p.91", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Matthew 6:33", "paragraph_text": "Jesus has just told his followers not to worry about material things such as food or clothing, as God will provide the needs of his followers. Earlier in the chapter Jesus presented a discussion on how one must not pursue wealth and material things before God. This verse ties the two notions together. If one places the pursuit of the Kingdom of God first, then material needs will follow without need for worry or anxiety. The present imperative verb seek makes clear that pursuing the eschatological kingdom is not a passive act, but one that must be pursued with rigour. Hill notes that the word God is left out of many of the better early manuscripts of the Gospel, and it thus might be a later addition. Kingdom of God is a somewhat unusual phrase, with the author of Matthew generally preferring Kingdom of Heaven. Even without the word it is quite clear that this is a reference to the Kingdom of God. The parallel to this verse at Luke 12: 31 does not mention righteousness, but as France notes the author of Matthew shows a special interest in righteousness throughout his gospel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "Once at Golgotha, Jesus was offered wine mixed with gall to drink. Matthew's and Mark's Gospels record that he refused this. He was then crucified and hung between two convicted thieves. According to some translations from the original Greek, the thieves may have been bandits or Jewish rebels. According to Mark's Gospel, he endured the torment of crucifixion for some six hours from the third hour, at approximately 9 am, until his death at the ninth hour, corresponding to about 3 pm. The soldiers affixed a sign above his head stating \"Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews\" in three languages, divided his garments and cast lots for his seamless robe. The Roman soldiers did not break Jesus' legs, as they did to the other two men crucified (breaking the legs hastened the crucifixion process), as Jesus was dead already. Each gospel has its own account of Jesus' last words, seven statements altogether. In the Synoptic Gospels, various supernatural events accompany the crucifixion, including darkness, an earthquake, and (in Matthew) the resurrection of saints. Following Jesus' death, his body was removed from the cross by Joseph of Arimathea and buried in a rock-hewn tomb, with Nicodemus assisting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Lindisfarne Gospels", "paragraph_text": "The Lindisfarne Gospels (London, British Library Cotton MS Nero D.IV) is an illuminated manuscript gospel book probably produced around the years 715-720 in the monastery at Lindisfarne, off the coast of Northumberland, which is now in the British Library in London. The manuscript is one of the finest works in the unique style of Hiberno-Saxon or Insular art, combining Mediterranean, Anglo-Saxon and Celtic elements.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Holy Spirit in Christianity", "paragraph_text": "The term Holy Spirit appears at least 90 times in the New Testament. The sacredness of the Holy Spirit to Christians is affirmed in all three Synoptic Gospels (Matthew 12: 30 -- 32, Mark 3: 28 -- 30 and Luke 12: 8 -- 10) which proclaim that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the unforgivable sin. The participation of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity is suggested in Jesus' final post-Resurrection instruction to his disciples at the end of the Gospel of Matthew (28: 19): ``Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Day by Day (Yolanda Adams album)", "paragraph_text": "Day By Day is an album by gospel singer Yolanda Adams. The single \"Victory\" was featured in the movie \"The Gospel\". The single \"Be Blessed\" won a Grammy award for Best Gospel Performance. \"Someone Watching Over You\" was also released as a single, and a music video was released for \"This Too Shall Pass\" (a song originally recorded as a duet with Crystal Lewis on the 1996 compilation album \"Sisters: The Story Goes On\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Matthew 7:7–8", "paragraph_text": "Matthew 7: 7 -- 8 are the seventh and eighth verses of the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. These verses begin an important metaphor generally believed to be about prayer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Walking in Memphis", "paragraph_text": "``Walking in Memphis ''is a song composed and originally recorded by the American singer - songwriter Marc Cohn, for whom it remains his signature song. Cohn said the song is`` 100 percent autobiographical''. He described it as a song about ``a Jewish gospel - music - lover '', and as`` a pretty literal transcription of a visit I made... in 1986. I went to Graceland, I heard Al Green preach the gospel, I saw W.C. Handy's statue. But the song is about more than just a place, it's about a kind of spiritual awakening, one of those trips where you're different when you leave.'' It reflects on Cohn's experience as a Jew who feels the Gospel spirit of Memphis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of \"Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord\", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are \"barking up the wrong tree\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mosie Lister", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Mosie Lister (September 8, 1921 -- February 12, 2015) was an American singer and Baptist minister. He was best known for writing the Gospel songs ``Where No One Stands Alone '',`` Till the Storm Passes By'', ``Then I Met the Master ''and`` How Long Has It Been?'' As a singer, he was an original member in The Statesmen Quartet, the Sunny South Quartet, and the Melody Masters. In 1976 Lister was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame and the Southern Gospel Music Association in 1997. His songs have been recorded by nearly every Southern Gospel artist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Jesus walking on water", "paragraph_text": "Jesus walking on water is one of the miracles of Jesus recounted in the New Testament. There are accounts of this event in three of the Gospels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "WDJL", "paragraph_text": "WDJL (1000 AM, \"Gospel Explosions\") is a daytime-only radio station licensed to Huntsville, Alabama, that serves the Tennessee Valley and surrounding areas. The station is owned by Dorothy Sandifer (doing business as WDJL Gospel Explosions). The station broadcasts a Christian radio format featuring a mix of gospel music, religious programming, and sermons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Something on the Inside", "paragraph_text": "Something on the Inside is the seventh overall album of gospel singer Vanessa Bell Armstrong, and fourth for major label Jive Records. The title track was released as a single. \"Something On The Inside\" also reunites her with longtime collaborator and pacesetting gospel producer Thomas Whitfield. This would be Armstrong's last release for the Jive label before being shifted to its gospel sister label Verity Records for 1995's more traditional gospel release \"The Secret Is Out\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Infancy Gospel of Thomas", "paragraph_text": "The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is thought to be Gnostic in origin. The oldest known copy (discovered with the Nag Hammadi) was written in Coptic, not Greek as would have been expected of an authentic apocryphal text or ``lost gospel ''. Later references (by Hippolytus of Rome and Origen of Alexandria) to a`` Gospel of Thomas'', are more likely to be referring to this Infancy Gospel, than to the wholly different Gospel of Thomas with which it is sometimes confused.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Egerton Gospel", "paragraph_text": "The Egerton Gospel (British Library Egerton Papyrus 2) refers to a collection of three papyrus fragments of a codex of a previously unknown gospel, found in Egypt and sold to the British Museum in 1934; the physical fragments are now dated to the very end of the 2nd century CE. Together they comprise one of the oldest surviving witnesses to any gospel, or any codex. The British Museum lost no time in publishing the text: acquired in the summer of 1934, it was in print in 1935. It is also called the Unknown Gospel, as no ancient source makes reference to it, in addition to being entirely unknown before its publication. The fragmentary manuscript forms part of the Egerton Collection in the British Library. A fourth fragment of the same manuscript has since been identified in the papyrus collection of the University of Cologne.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Mark 5", "paragraph_text": "Mark 5 is the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It relates the story of three miracles of Jesus; an exorcism, a healing, and the raising of Jairus' daughter.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 51024, "question": "which one of the gospels is not considered one of the synoptic gospels", "answer": "John", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 92033, "question": "how many chapters does the gospel of #1 have", "answer": "21", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Battle of Baltimore", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Baltimore was a sea/land battle fought between British invaders and American defenders in the War of 1812. American forces repulsed sea and land invasions off the busy port city of Baltimore, Maryland, and killed the commander of the invading British forces. The British and Americans first met at the Battle of North Point. Though the Americans retreated, the battle was a successful delaying action that inflicted heavy casualties on the British, halting their advance consequently allowing the defenders at Baltimore to properly prepare for an attack.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Allies of World War II", "paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "This England (film)", "paragraph_text": "This England is a 1941 British historical drama film directed by David MacDonald and starring John Clements, Constance Cummings and Emlyn Williams. The film follows the small English village of Cleveley and its historic resistance against tyrannical invaders recounted by one of the inhabitants to a visiting American journalist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008", "paragraph_text": "The Netherlands chose their representative on 23 November 2007, for the Eurovision Song Contest internally. The Netherlands decided that Hind would represent them in Belgrade with the song \"Your Heart Belongs to Me\". As the Netherlands did not qualify for the final in 2007, the country needed to participate in the first semi-final, on 20 May 2008. However, the Netherlands failed to qualify to compete in the final on 24 May.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Declarations of war during World War II", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of war by France and the United Kingdom was given on 3 September 1939, after German forces invaded Poland. Despite the speech being the official announcement of both France and the United Kingdom, the speech was given by the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in Westminster, London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Can Ladies Kill?", "paragraph_text": "Can Ladies Kill? is a crime novel by British author Peter Cheyney first published in 1938 by William Collins, Sons & Co. Ltd. Set in San Francisco and featuring Cheyney's creation, G-Man Lemmy Caution, it belongs to the hardboiled school of crime writing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Samurai", "paragraph_text": "In 1274, the Mongol-founded Yuan dynasty in China sent a force of some 40,000 men and 900 ships to invade Japan in northern Kyūshū. Japan mustered a mere 10,000 samurai to meet this threat. The invading army was harassed by major thunderstorms throughout the invasion, which aided the defenders by inflicting heavy casualties. The Yuan army was eventually recalled and the invasion was called off. The Mongol invaders used small bombs, which was likely the first appearance of bombs and gunpowder in Japan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Nootamaa", "paragraph_text": "Nootamaa is a small, uninhabited island in the Baltic Sea belonging to the country of Estonia. It marks the westernmost part of Estonia's territorial boundary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Night Invader", "paragraph_text": "The Night Invader is a 1943 British, black-and-white, drama, thriller, war film, directed by Herbert Mason, produced by Max Milder for Warner Bros. and starring Ronald Shiner as Witsen, Anne Crawford and David Farrar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "European Travel Commission divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) model. Countries which belong to the Southern/Mediterranean Europe are:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and signed the Atlantic Charter, which included the statement that \"the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live\" should be respected. This wording was ambiguous as to whether it referred to European countries invaded by Germany, or the peoples colonised by European nations, and would later be interpreted differently by the British, Americans, and nationalist movements.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Berngal", "paragraph_text": "Berngal, son of Géde Ollgothach, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He took power after killing his predecessor and cousin and his father's killer, Fíachu Findoilches. He made so much war that there was a shortage of milk and corn - according to one version, only a sack and a half. He ruled for either twenty-one or twelve years, until he was killed by his cousin Ailill, son of Slánoll. The \"Lebor Gabála Érenn\" synchronises his reign with that of Deioces of the Medes (694–665 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's \"Foras Feasa ar Éirinn\" dates his reign to 833–831 BC, that of the \"Annals of the Four Masters\" to 1209–1197 BC.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Continental System", "paragraph_text": "The Continental System or Continental Blockade (known in French as Blocus continental) was the foreign policy of Napoleon I of France in his struggle against Great Britain during the Napoleonic Wars. As a response to the naval blockade of the French coasts enacted by the British government on 16 May 1806, Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree on 21 November 1806, which brought into effect a large - scale embargo against British trade. The embargo was effective intermittently. It ended on 11 April 1814 after Napoleon's first abdication. In terms of economic damage to Great Britain, the blockade was largely ineffective; however, British exportations to the continent saw a loss from 25% to 55% of their total value in between the years 1802 and 1806. As Napoleon realized that extensive trade was going through Spain and Russia, he invaded those two countries. His forces were tied down in Spain -- in which the Spanish War of Independence was occurring simultaneously -- and suffered severely in, and ultimately retreated from, Russia in 1812.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Sua Vida Me Pertence", "paragraph_text": "Sua Vida Me Pertence (Portuguese for \"Your Life Belongs To Me\") is a Brazilian pioneering television series known as the first telenovela produced in the country. The show was broadcast in black and white by the now defunct TV Tupi in São Paulo from 1951 to 1952. The series pioneered the telenovela genre worldwide, and featured Brazil's first live on-screen television kiss in broadcast history between actress Vida Alves and actor Wálter Forster.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Stage Invader", "paragraph_text": "Stage Invader is the first studio album by the British dance music group Linus Loves, released on 22 May 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Withnail and I", "paragraph_text": "Withnail and I is a 1987 British black comedy film written and directed by Bruce Robinson. Based on Robinson's life in London in the late 1960s, the plot follows two unemployed young actors, Withnail and ``I ''(portrayed by Richard E. Grant and Paul McGann) who live in a squalid flat in Camden Town in 1969 while squandering their finances on alcohol. Needing a holiday, they obtain the key to a country cottage in the Lake District belonging to Withnail's gay uncle Monty and drive there. The weekend holiday proves less recuperative than they expected.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Scottish Aviation", "paragraph_text": "In November 1958, redundancies affecting almost 800 of their 2,500 staff were announced. Scottish Aviation merged with the British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, and Hawker Siddeley Dynamics to form British Aerospace in 1977. Much of the former Scottish Aviation assets now belong to Spirit AeroSystems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "John Moses (Norwegian politician)", "paragraph_text": "John Moses was born in Kristiansund in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. He belonged to a merchant family of British descent who had settled in Kristiansund to conduct the trade of large-scale fish exports. John Moses was one of Kristiansund's leading businessmen. He ran an export and import business, together with a shipping company. From the 1820s, he was living in London, where he ran the shipping business, conducting trading in a number of European countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War; Contingents from Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan joined the war. The apparent purpose of the invasion was to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state at inception, and some Arab leaders talked about driving the Jews into the sea. According to Benny Morris, Jews felt that the invading Arab armies aimed to slaughter the Jews. The Arab league stated that the invasion was to restore law and order and to prevent further bloodshed.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 103913, "question": "Which country does Berngal belong to?", "answer": "Ireland", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 87175, "question": "when was #1 first invaded by the british", "answer": "1167", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Nummi", "paragraph_text": "Nummi (Finnish; \"Nummis\" in Swedish) is a district and a suburb of the city of Turku, Finland. It is located in the north-eastern part of the city, just outside the city centre and south of the river Aura. It is the fourth largest district in Turku, having a population of 7,011 (), with an annual growth rate of 2.21%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Anime Milwaukee", "paragraph_text": "Anime Milwaukee (AMKE) is an annual three-day anime convention held during February at the Wisconsin Center & Hilton Milwaukee City Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is Wisconsin's largest anime convention.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bunnies on the Bayou", "paragraph_text": "Bunnies on the Bayou is a 501(c)(3) organization and the name of its similarly-titled annual tradition among members of the LGBT community of Houston, Texas, in the United States. According to its website, the organization's mission is to raise funds for \"various charitable, educational and cultural programs that seek to improve the quality of life for individuals in the LGBT community and promotes education and awareness of individual human rights within greater Houston area. The fundraiser is one of Houston's largest outdoor events and has been called the city's\" largest annual outdoor cocktail party\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is an international cultural centre, with cultural endeavours spanning major events and festivals, drama, musicals, comedy, music, art, architecture, literature, film and television. The climate, waterfront location and nightlife make it one of the most vibrant destinations in Australia. For five years in a row (as of 2015) it has held the top position in a survey by The Economist Intelligence Unit of the world's most liveable cities on the basis of a number of attributes which include its broad cultural offerings. The city celebrates a wide variety of annual cultural events and festivals of all types, including Australia's largest free community festival—Moomba, the Melbourne International Arts Festival, Melbourne International Film Festival, Melbourne International Comedy Festival and the Melbourne Fringe Festival. The culture of the city is an important drawcard for tourists, of which just under two million international overnight visitors and 57.7 million domestic overnight visited during the year ending March 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Budapest Marathon", "paragraph_text": "The Budapest Marathon is an annual marathon and sport event hosted by the city of Budapest, Hungary since 1961. It is normally held at the beginning of October or the end of September. Since 1984, \"Budapest Sport Iroda\" (BSI) has organised the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "Instead, Nanjing, as a popular tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organised events throughout the year. The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. Other events include Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival, Jiangxin Zhou Fruit Festival and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Libre Software Meeting", "paragraph_text": "The Libre Software Meeting (LSM) is an annual free software event originally held in France. The French name of this event is Rencontres mondiales du logiciel libre (RMLL).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is notable as the host city for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games (the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere and Oceania, with all previous games held in Europe and the United States), along with the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Melbourne is so far the southernmost city to host the games. The city is home to three major annual international sporting events: the Australian Open (one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments); the Melbourne Cup (horse racing); and the Australian Grand Prix (Formula One). Also, the Australian Masters golf tournament is held at Melbourne since 1979, having been co-sanctioned by the European Tour from 2006 to 2009. Melbourne was proclaimed the \"World's Ultimate Sports City\", in 2006, 2008 and 2010. The city is home to the National Sports Museum, which until 2003 was located outside the members pavilion at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. It reopened in 2008 in the Olympic Stand.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Queen City Pride", "paragraph_text": "Queen City Pride is an LGBT pride festival, held annually in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The event is held mid-June each year, normally in the week following Saskatoon Pride. The festival is administered by Regina Pride Inc., a non-profit corporation in the province of Saskatchewan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston. The largest and longest running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, held over 20 days from early to late March, is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world. Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Pride Parade, held at the end of June. Other annual events include the Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Virginia", "paragraph_text": "On the Eastern Shore island of Chincoteague the annual Pony Swim & Auction of feral Chincoteague ponies at the end of July is a unique local tradition expanded into a week-long carnival. The Shenandoah Apple Blossom Festival is a six-day festival held annually in Winchester that includes parades and bluegrass concerts. The Old Time Fiddlers' Convention in Galax, begun in 1935, is one of the oldest and largest such events worldwide. Two important film festivals, the Virginia Film Festival and the VCU French Film Festival, are held annually in Charlottesville and Richmond, respectively.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival is held during the late August Bank Holiday each year. Traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuries-old event celebrating the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor of the City of London with a procession along the streets of the City, and June's Trooping the Colour, a formal military pageant performed by regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Tour Alsace", "paragraph_text": "The Tour Alsace (or Tour d'Alsace) is a 6-day road bicycle race held annually in Alsace, France. It was first held in 2004 and it is a 2.2 rated event on the UCI Europe Tour.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "Annual summer events include the Electronic Music Festival, International Jazz Festival, the Woodward Dream Cruise, the African World Festival, the country music Hoedown, Noel Night, and Dally in the Alley. Within downtown, Campus Martius Park hosts large events, including the annual Motown Winter Blast. As the world's traditional automotive center, the city hosts the North American International Auto Show. Held since 1924, America's Thanksgiving Parade is one of the nation's largest. River Days, a five-day summer festival on the International Riverfront lead up to the Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival fireworks, which draw super sized-crowds ranging from hundreds of thousands to over three million people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "KKHH", "paragraph_text": "KKHH (\"95.7 The Spot\") is an adult hits radio station in Houston, Texas, broadcasting at 95.7 MHz, under the ownership of Entercom. Its studios are located in the Greenway Plaza district, and its transmitter is located in Missouri City, Texas.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Dad Vail Regatta", "paragraph_text": "The Dad Vail Regatta is the largest regular intercollegiate rowing event in the United States, drawing over a hundred colleges and universities from North America. The regatta has been held annually on the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, since 1953.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nobel Prize", "paragraph_text": "Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are normally held in the days prior to the award ceremony. The Peace Prize and its recipients' lectures are presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, usually on 10 December. The award ceremonies and the associated banquets are typically major international events. The Prizes awarded in Sweden's ceremonies' are held at the Stockholm Concert Hall, with the Nobel banquet following immediately at Stockholm City Hall. The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905 -- 1946), at the auditorium of the University of Oslo (1947 -- 1989), and at Oslo City Hall (1990 -- present).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Seorak Cultural Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Seorak Cultural Festival is a local cultural festival annually held every end of October in Sokcho city, Gangwon Province, South Korea. Sokco is a tourism city surrounded by Mt. Seoraksan National Park and the Sea of Japan (East Sea), so many of the cultural events there are mostly related to the environment and local specialties such as squid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The annual United States Open Tennis Championships is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. The New York Marathon is one of the world's largest, and the 2004–2006 events hold the top three places in the marathons with the largest number of finishers, including 37,866 finishers in 2006. The Millrose Games is an annual track and field meet whose featured event is the Wanamaker Mile. Boxing is also a prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at Madison Square Garden each year. The city is also considered the host of the Belmont Stakes, the last, longest and oldest of horse racing's Triple Crown races, held just over the city's border at Belmont Park on the first or second Sunday of June. The city also hosted the 1932 U.S. Open golf tournament and the 1930 and 1939 PGA Championships, and has been host city for both events several times, most notably for nearby Winged Foot Golf Club.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Earth Day", "paragraph_text": "Earth Day is an annual event celebrated on April 22. Worldwide, various events are held to demonstrate support for environmental protection. First celebrated in 1970, Earth Day events in more than 193 countries are now coordinated globally by the Earth Day Network.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 128389, "question": "What city is KKHH located?", "answer": "Houston", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 11974, "question": "What is the largest annual event held in #1 ?", "answer": "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Metalist Oblast Sports Complex", "paragraph_text": "\"Metalist\" Oblast Sports Complex (), which includes the Metalist Stadium (), is a multi-use stadium in Kharkiv, Ukraine. It is currently used chiefly for football matches and is the home of FC Metalist 1925 Kharkiv and Shakhtar Donetsk. The stadium, which was a venue for Euro 2012, currently seats 40,003.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Miami Marlins", "paragraph_text": "The team began play as an expansion team in the 1993 season as the Florida Marlins and played home games from their inaugural season to the 2011 season at Joe Robbie Stadium, which they shared with the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). The stadium was later called Pro Player Park, Pro Player Stadium, Dolphin Stadium, Dolphins Stadium, Land Shark Stadium, and Sun Life Stadium during their tenancy. Since the 2012 season, they have played at Marlins Park in downtown Miami, on the site of the former Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The new park, unlike Sun Life Stadium (which was criticized in its baseball configuration for poor sight lines in some locations), was designed foremost as a baseball park. The new park's name is a temporary one until naming rights are purchased. Per an agreement with the city and Miami - Dade County (which owns the park), the Marlins officially changed their name to the ``Miami Marlins ''on November 11, 2011. They also adopted a new logo, color scheme, and uniforms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mpumelelo Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Mpumelelo Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal South Africa. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home venue of Dundee XI Experience in the Vodacom League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bunamwaya Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Bunamwaya Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Wakiso Town, Uganda. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home venue of Bunamwaya SC of the Ugandan Super League. The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Tishreen Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Tishreen Stadium () is a multi-use all-seater stadium in Damascus, Syria, currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home venue of the al-Shorta SC. The capacity of the stadium is 12,000 seats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Saoud bin Abdulrahman Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The Saoud bin Abdul Rahman Al-Thani Stadium (), also known as Al-Wakrah SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Al Wakrah, Qatar. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home venue of Al-Wakrah Sports Club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 seats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Richards Bay Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Richards Bay Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is used mostly for football matches, and is currently home venue for National First Division club Thanda Royal Zulu, and for the Vodacom League clubs Bright Stars and Real Classic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras", "paragraph_text": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras is a multi-use unfinished stadium in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and also music concerts. It used to be the home stadium of San Luis F.C. but after it dissolved Atlético San Luis is the current team that play in Alfonso Lastras. The stadium holds 25,111 people and was built in 2002. It is named after the late Alfonso Lastras Ramírez, who was co-founder of an early football club called Cachorros de San Luis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Los Angeles Chargers", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Chargers are a professional American football team based in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The Chargers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division. The team was founded on August 14, 1959 and began play on September 10, 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL), and spent its first season in Los Angeles, before moving to San Diego in 1961 to become the San Diego Chargers. The Chargers joined the NFL as result of the AFL -- NFL merger in 1970, and played their home games at SDCCU Stadium. The return of the Chargers to Los Angeles was announced for the 2017 season, just one year after the Rams had moved back to the city from St. Louis. The Chargers will play their home games at the StubHub Center until the opening in 2020 of the Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park, which they will share with the Rams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "30 June Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The 30 June Stadium is a stadium used mostly for football matches and also sometimes for athletics located in Cairo. It was built by the Egyptian Air Defense Forces. The stadium is the main venue of the Air Defense Sport Village. The stadium has a capacity of 30,000 and it is one of the venues of the Egyptian Premier League. It is the home ground of the Egyptian Premier League side Pyramids F.C.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kleines Festspielhaus", "paragraph_text": "The House for Mozart (formerly known as Kleines Festspielhaus) is a theatre in Austria. It is one of the venues of the Salzburg Festival in the city of Salzburg. Since 1925, it was the first venue for the festival and carries the name House for Mozart since 2006. Mainly, operas and concerts are staged there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Wembezi Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Wembezi Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Estcourt, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home venue of Wembezi Juventus in the Vodacom League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Estadio de La Condomina", "paragraph_text": "La Condomina is a multi-use stadium in Murcia, Spain. The stadium holds 6,500 spectators and it is currently used mostly for football matches and music concerts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Hang Tuah Stadium (Pekanbaru)", "paragraph_text": "Hang Tuah Stadium was formerly a multi-use stadium in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. It was normally used for football matches and as the home venue for PSPS Pekanbaru of the Liga Indonesia. The stadium had a capacity of 5,000 spectators.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Shahid Bahonar Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Shahid Bahonar Kerman Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium, located in central Kerman, Iran. It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium is able to hold 15,430 people and was opened in 2007. Shahid Bahonar Stadium is home venue of Azadegan League side, Mes Kerman Athletic and Cultural Club. It is named in honour of former Iranian Prime Minister, Mohammad-Javad Bahonar who was assassinated in 1981.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Estadio Pensativo", "paragraph_text": "Estadio Pensativo is a football stadium in Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala. The venue is home to first division club Antigua GFC (\"Panzas Verdes\"), and has a maximum capacity of 9,000 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dallas Texans (NFL)", "paragraph_text": "Although the NFL rapidly grew more prosperous during the latter part of the 1950s, (especially after the success of ``The Greatest Game Ever Played ''- the 1958 championship game in old Yankee Stadium between the vaunted New York Giants versus the developing Colts leading to a later profitable nationwide television contract), the fiasco in Dallas left the NFL leery of further expansion. Unable to persuade other NFL owners to reconsider, Texas oil scion Lamar Hunt with others, founded the American Football League as a direct competitor to the older NFL. When Hunt's new Dallas Texans were announced as charter members of the new league, the NFL quickly reconsidered its position on expansion and made a second venture into Dallas in 1960, establishing what would become a more successful and later world - wide famous team, the Dallas Cowboys, briefly known in the beginning as the Dallas Rangers. A minor league baseball team of that same name was expected to disband, but did n't and the`` Cowboys'' name was later adopted for the NFL team in mid-March 1960. Both franchises shared the Cotton Bowl (also the home of Southern Methodist University's (SMU) Mustangs) stadium for their first three seasons. The new AFL team moved after winning the 1962 AFL Championship in double overtime and became the Kansas City Chiefs for its fourth season in 1963.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Andre Reed Stadium", "paragraph_text": "University Field at Andre Reed Stadium (or simply Andre Reed Stadium, formerly University Field) is an outdoor college football stadium located in Kutztown, Pennsylvania on the campus of Kutztown University of Pennsylvania. It is home to both Kutztown's football and field hockey programs competing in the PSAC. The stadium has a capacity of 5,600 making it the ninth largest venue in the PSAC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Doosan Arena", "paragraph_text": "Doosan Arena, previously known as Stadion města Plzně (Plzeň City Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Plzeň, Czech Republic. It is located in the Štrunc Park near the confluence of Mže and Radbuza rivers. The stadium is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FC Viktoria Plzeň. The stadium holds 11,700 people. It is also known as Stadion ve Štruncových sadech (Stadium in Štrunc Park), named after Emil Štrunc, a former regional chieftain of the Sokol Movement (some people incorrectly think it is named after a famous local footballer Stanislav Štrunc).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Pete András Stadion", "paragraph_text": "Pete András Stadion is a sports stadium in Kazincbarcika, Hungary. The stadium is home to the famous association football side Kazincbarcikai SC. The stadium has a capacity of 8,000.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160546, "question": "Where did Dirie move later in life?", "answer": "London", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 26427, "question": "What #1 concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?", "answer": "Wembley Arena", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Yellow River", "paragraph_text": "Early Chinese literature including the Yu Gong or Tribute of Yu dating to the Warring States period (475 -- 221 BC) refers to the Yellow River as simply 河 (Old Chinese: * C. gʕaj, modern Chinese (Pinyin) Hé), a character that has come to mean ``river ''in modern usage. The first appearance of the name 黃河 (Old Chinese: * N - kwʕaŋ C. gʕaj; Middle Chinese: Huang Ha) is in the Book of Han written during the Eastern Han dynasty about the Western Han dynasty. The adjective`` yellow'' describes the perennial color of the muddy water in the lower course of the river, which arises from soil (loess) being carried downstream.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Bayan Mandahu Formation", "paragraph_text": "The Bayan Mandahu Formation (or Wulansuhai Formation) is a geological unit of \"redbeds\" located near the village of Bayan Mandahu in Inner Mongolia, China Asia (Gobi Desert) and dates from the late Cretaceous Period. Laid down in the Campanian, it is dated somewhat uncertainly to between 75-71 mya (million years ago).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Valampurinathar Temple", "paragraph_text": "The Valampurinathar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Siva located in Melaperumpallam, Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India. It situated close to Puhar and Thiruvenkadu. The temple dates back to the Medieval Cholas period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gordon Tract Archeological Site", "paragraph_text": "The Gordon Tract is a late Woodland period archeological site located on the floodplain and bluffs of Hinkson Creek near Columbia, Missouri, United States, which contains the remains of a prehistoric village and mounds. Radiocarbon dating of material obtained from the site gave dates of 1017 and 1112 C.E. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The exact location of the site is restricted to protect the remains from harm. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources lists the site in Grindstone Nature Area, a city park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Old English", "paragraph_text": "Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150, a period of full inflections, a synthetic language. Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Early modern Europe", "paragraph_text": "Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century. Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s, the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487, the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s, the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492, or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517. The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Modern United States Navy carrier air operations", "paragraph_text": "Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier air operations include the operation of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft on and around an aircraft carrier for performance of combat or noncombat missions. Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier flight operations are highly evolved, based on experiences dating back to 1922 with .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "University", "paragraph_text": "By the end of the early modern period, the structure and orientation of higher education had changed in ways that are eminently recognizable for the modern context. Aristotle was no longer a force providing the epistemological and methodological focus for universities and a more mechanistic orientation was emerging. The hierarchical place of theological knowledge had for the most part been displaced and the humanities had become a fixture, and a new openness was beginning to take hold in the construction and dissemination of knowledge that were to become imperative for the formation of the modern state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Journal of Modern Periodical Studies", "paragraph_text": "Journal of Modern Periodical Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of modern periodicals published between 1880-1950 in the English-speaking world. The journal was established in 2010 and is published twice a year by Penn State University Press.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Classical Greece", "paragraph_text": "Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (5th and 4th centuries BC) in Greek culture. This Classical period saw the annexation of much of modern - day Greece by the Persian Empire and its subsequent independence. Classical Greece had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire and on the foundations of western civilization. Much of modern Western politics, artistic thought (architecture, sculpture), scientific thought, theatre, literature, and philosophy derives from this period of Greek history. In the context of the art, architecture, and culture of Ancient Greece, the Classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC). The Classical period in this sense follows the Archaic period and is in turn succeeded by the Hellenistic period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "History of Kenya", "paragraph_text": "The European and Arab presence in Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period, but European exploration of the interior began only in the 19th century. The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, from 1920 known as the Kenya Colony.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Zusailing Formation", "paragraph_text": "The Zusailing Formation is located in Baoting County, Hainan Province, China. It contains carbonaceous phyllite with interbeds of crystalline limestone. Its dated to the late Silurian Period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Falls High School", "paragraph_text": "Falls High School is a public high school located in International Falls, Minnesota. The school's class ring design is the oldest class ring tradition in the United States, dating back to 1929. As of 2014 approximately 600 students attend classes in the school. Every grade level ranges from 70-100 students. In the Fall of 2014 the school changed policies and changed over from a 6 period day to a 7 period day. The students have 5 minutes between each class to maneuver to the next one.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Bulcote", "paragraph_text": "Bulcote is a village and civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 330, reducing to 309 at the 2011 Census. The village is on the fringe of the Greater Nottingham area, and is about 7 miles north-east of Nottingham city centre. Nearby places are Burton Joyce (to the southwest) and Lowdham (to the northeast).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Kenya", "paragraph_text": "The African Great Lakes region, which Kenya is a part of, has been inhabited by humans since the Lower Paleolithic period. By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West - Central Africa. The borders of the modern state consequently comprise the crossroads of the Niger - Congo, Nilo - Saharan and Afroasiatic areas of the continent, representing most major ethnolinguistic groups found in Africa. Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97% of the nation's residents. European and Arab presence in coastal Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period; European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century. The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, which starting in 1920 gave way to the Kenya Colony. Kenya obtained independence in December 1963, but remained a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Following a referendum in August 2010 and adoption of a new constitution, Kenya is now divided into 47 semi-autonomous counties, governed by elected governors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Most Dangerous Game", "paragraph_text": "``The Most Dangerous Game ''Author Richard Connell Country United States Language English Genre (s) Adventure fiction Published in Collier's Publication type Periodical Publication date January 19, 1924", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Trinchera Cave Archeological District", "paragraph_text": "The Trinchera Cave Archeological District (5LA9555) is an archaeological site in Las Animas County, Colorado with artifacts primarily dating from 1000 BC to AD 1749, although there were some Archaic period artifacts found. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 and is located on State Trust Lands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Many major events caused Europe to change around the start of the 16th century, starting with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the fall of Muslim Spain and the discovery of the Americas in 1492, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation in 1517. In England the modern period is often dated to the start of the Tudor period with the victory of Henry VII over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. Early modern European history is usually seen to span from the start of the 15th century, through the Age of Reason and the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 130519, "question": "What state is Bulcote located?", "answer": "England", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 33164, "question": "When is the modern period dated in #1 ?", "answer": "Battle of Bosworth in 1485", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[ "1485" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "History of radio", "paragraph_text": "On February 17, 1919, station 9XM at the University of Wisconsin in Madison broadcast human speech to the public at large. 9XM was first experimentally licensed in 1914, began regular Morse code transmissions in 1916, and its first music broadcast in 1917. Regularly scheduled broadcasts of voice and music began in January 1921. That station is still on the air today as WHA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "You've Got to Talk to Me", "paragraph_text": "\"You've Got to Talk to Me\" is a song written by Jamie O'Hara, and recorded by American country music singer Lee Ann Womack. It was released in November 1997 as the third and last single from her self-titled debut album.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rutherford GO Station", "paragraph_text": "Rutherford GO Station is a train and bus station in the GO Transit network located in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. It is a stop on the Barrie line train service. This station was opened in January 2001 to accommodate the growing ridership on the Barrie line along with the growing communities surrounding Rutherford GO Station. Another reason for the station's presence was due to Maple GO Station's parking congestion prior to Rutherford's opening.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cork (city)", "paragraph_text": "The city's FM radio band features RTÉ Radio 1, RTÉ 2fm, RTÉ lyric fm, RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, Today FM, 4fm, Newstalk and the religious station Spirit Radio. There are also local stations such as Cork's 96FM, Cork's Red FM, C103, CUH 102.0FM, UCC 98.3FM (formerly Cork Campus Radio 97.4fm) and Christian radio station Life 93.1FM. Cork also has a temporary licensed city-wide community station 'Cork FM Community Radio' on 100.5FM, which is currently on-air on Saturdays and Sundays only. Cork has also been home to pirate radio stations, including South Coast Radio and ERI in the 1980s. Today some small pirates stations remain. A number of neighbouring counties radio stations can be heard in parts of Cork City including Radio Kerry at 97.0 and WLR FM on 95.1.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind", "paragraph_text": "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind is the twenty fifth studio album by American country music artist, Connie Smith. The album was released in January 1975 on Columbia Records and was produced by Ray Baker. The album spawned three singles between 1974 and 1975, which included two Top 20 hits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Anne with an E", "paragraph_text": "In the late 19th century, brother and sister Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, both in their old age, decide to take on an orphan boy to help out around their ancestral farm of Green Gables, on the outskirts of the town of Avonlea, on Prince Edward Island. When Matthew goes to pick the child up at the railway station, he finds not a boy, but a high - spirited and talkative girl, Anne Shirley. At first, the Cuthberts are inclined to send her back, particularly after Marilla's brooch goes missing, and Anne, in despair, runs away. The family reconciles and Anne settles in her new home. Upon starting school, Anne once again displays boundless enthusiasm which is nevertheless easily turned into despair when things go wrong, which they often do. Slowly, her ebullient nature wins over those around her.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Scotland Today", "paragraph_text": "Scotland Today is a Scottish regional news programme covering Central Scotland, produced by STV Central (formerly Scottish Television). Despite its name suggesting a national remit, the programme was actually limited to stories around STV's Central Belt franchise. \"North Tonight\" covered STV's North Scotland region (from North Fife upwards), until both programmes were renamed as \"STV News at Six\" in March 2009.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Antonio Bisquert", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Valencia, where he became a pupil of Francisco Ribalta. He established himself at Teruel in 1620 where he got married.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Grimsby GO Station", "paragraph_text": "Grimsby GO Station is a proposed station on the GO Transit train and bus network in the province of Ontario, Canada. It will be located in the town of Grimsby in the Regional Municipality of Niagara, and will connect to the Lakeshore West line train service at Confederation GO Station in Hamilton. It is expected to open in 2021. It will be the first station to open in the planned GO Transit Niagara Falls extension, which will also include stops at St. Catharines railway station and Niagara Falls railway station.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "After the scandal, actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver, saying, \"Maybe I wouldn't have got into it if he said 'I'm going to marry Maria' and this is dead serious, but he didn't, and our affair carried on.\" When asked in 2014 \"Of all the things you are famous for … which are you least proud of?\", Schwarzenegger replied \"I'm least proud of the mistakes I made that caused my family pain and split us up\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "James VI and I", "paragraph_text": "Throughout his youth, James was praised for his chastity, since he showed little interest in women. After the loss of Lennox, he continued to prefer male company. A suitable marriage, however, was necessary to reinforce his monarchy, and the choice fell on fourteen-year-old Anne of Denmark, younger daughter of Protestant Frederick II. Shortly after a proxy marriage in Copenhagen in August 1589, Anne sailed for Scotland but was forced by storms to the coast of Norway. On hearing that the crossing had been abandoned, James sailed from Leith with a 300-strong retinue to fetch Anne personally in what historian David Harris Willson called \"the one romantic episode of his life\". The couple were married formally at the Bishop's Palace in Oslo on 23 November and returned to Scotland on 1 May 1590, after stays at Elsinore and Copenhagen and a meeting with Tycho Brahe. By all accounts, James was at first infatuated with Anne and, in the early years of their marriage, seems always to have shown her patience and affection. The royal couple produced three children who survived to adulthood: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, who died of typhoid fever in 1612, aged 18; Elizabeth, later queen of Bohemia; and Charles, his successor. Anne died before her husband in March 1619.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Agincourt GO Station", "paragraph_text": "Agincourt GO Station is a GO Transit railway station in the Scarborough area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, served by Stouffville line trains.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "LifeTalk Radio", "paragraph_text": "LifeTalk Radio's first radio station, KSOH in Yakima, Washington, began broadcasting in March 1992. The station was launched with an \"interactive talk radio\" format, airing Christian talk programming. In 1996, LifeTalk Radio purchased and launched several additional stations. In 2000, the network was heard on 15 stations, 8 of which were owned by the network. By 2004, LifeTalk Radio was airing on 35 stations, by 2005 it was airing on 65 stations, and by 2008 the network was airing on 70 stations. By 2015, the network was airing on over 100 stations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ann Hatton", "paragraph_text": "Ann Hatton was born in Worcester, the daughter of strolling player Roger Kemble. She was the sister of the actors, Mrs Sarah Siddons and John Philip Kemble. Other members of the Kemble family were also actors. Ann was apprenticed to a mantua maker before going on the stage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Bowmanville GO Station", "paragraph_text": "Bowmanville GO Station is a planned GO Transit train station to be built by Metrolinx in the community of Bowmanville, Ontario. It will be the terminus station of GO Transit's approved expansion of train service on the Lakeshore East line, and will become a transit hub for Durham Region Transit and GO Transit. Approximately 770 parking spaces will be provided on the south side of the station. A bus loop and a ``Kiss and Ride ''area will be included. The station is expected to open in 2024.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Emmett Williams", "paragraph_text": "Emmett Williams (4 April 1925 – 14 February 2007) was an American poet and visual artist. He was married to British visual artist Ann Nöel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Salamatof, Alaska", "paragraph_text": "Salamatof is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska, United States. The population was 980 at the 2010 census, up from 954 in 2000. Salamatof is the location for the former Wildwood Air Force Station, which operated from 1965 to 1972 (from 1951 to 1965, it was an Army Station). Today, it is the Wildwood Correctional Complex.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Little Girl I Once Knew", "paragraph_text": "Since radio stations preferred to avoid dead air time, the song was poorly received by them, which may account for its relatively low chart rating among their other singles of the period, including \"California Girls\" and \"Barbara Ann\". Capitol Records' rushed release of \"Barbara Ann\" in December ruined any chance \"The Little Girl I Once Knew\" had of continuing up the charts. Just after its release, John Lennon gave it a favorable review:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Girl I Got My Eyes On You", "paragraph_text": "``Girl I Got My Eyes On You ''is a 1989 single by R&B vocal group, Today. The single was their most successful of six chart releases on the Hot Black singles chart, peaking at number one for one week. As was the case with all their releases, none of Today's singles crossed over to the Hot 100, however,`` Girl I Got My Eyes On You'' peaked at number twenty - nine on the dance charts. The song chorus is interpolated from Carrie Lucas 1982 single ``Show Me Where you Coming From ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Baby Don't Go – Sonny & Cher and Friends", "paragraph_text": "The title track \"Baby Don't Go\" was first released in 1964 and was a minor regional hit. Then following the duo's big success with \"I Got You Babe\" in the summer of 1965, \"Baby Don't Go\" was re-released by Reprise later that year and became another huge hit for Sonny & Cher, reaching the top ten in the U.S. and doing well in the UK and elsewhere, going as far as reaching number one in Canada.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160277, "question": "Where did Anne go after she got married?", "answer": "Scotland", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 140895, "question": "What was the station that aired #1 Today?", "answer": "Scottish Television", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[ "STV" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Grünhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Grünhorn (or \"Gross Grünhorn\") (4,044 m) is a mountain in the Bernese Alps range of the Swiss Alps. It is located on the ridge between the two largest glaciers of the Alps: the Aletsch Glacier to the west and the Fiescher Glacier to the east. To the south lies the Gross Wannenhorn and, to the north, the Gross Fiescherhorn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Güferhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Güferhorn is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located between the valleys of Vals and Hinterrhein in Graubünden. At 3,379 metres above sea level it is the highest summit of the Lepontine Alps lying east of the Rheinwaldhorn. The northern side of the massif is covered by the Güfergletscher, a 2 kilometres long glacier. It lies above 2,600 metres on the east side of a ridge starting at the summit of the Güferhorn and separating the valleys of Länta and Canaltal, both converging at the Zervreilasee, south of Vals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the \"Houillière zone\", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era. High \"massifs\" with external sedimentary cover are more common in the Western Alps and were affected by Neogene Period thin-skinned thrusting whereas the Eastern Alps have comparatively few high peaked massifs. Similarly the peaks in Switzerland extending to western Austria (Helvetic nappes) consist of thin-skinned sedimentary folding that detached from former basement rock.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Pic de Morgon", "paragraph_text": "Pic de Morgon (or \"Grand Morgon\") is a summit in the French Alps between \"département des Hautes-Alpes\" and \"département des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence\". It rises above sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Serre Chevalier", "paragraph_text": "Serre Chevalier is a major ski resort in southeastern France, in the Hautes-Alpes department of the Alps. Near the Parc National des Ecrins, it enjoys a large skiing area, with of slopes and favourable weather, boasting 300 days of sunshine a year. In Serre Chevalier, of the slopes are covered by snow cannons to supplement natural snowfall. It is owned by Compagnie des Alpes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Aiguille de Chambeyron", "paragraph_text": "Aiguille de Chambeyron (3,412m) is a mountain of the Cottian Alps and is the highest mountain of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence in southeast France. Together with its neighbour Brec de Chambeyron it is the dominant peak of the upper Ubaye Valley. The mountain is located near the border with Italy, just west of the Main chain of the Alps. It is the culminating point of the Massif du Chambeyron and is also the highest peak in the Alps south of Monte Viso.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "The variances in nomenclature in the region spanned by the Alps makes classification of the mountains and subregions difficult, but a general classification is that of the Eastern Alps and Western Alps with the divide between the two occurring in eastern Switzerland according to geologist Stefan Schmid, near the Splügen Pass.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Carnic Prealps", "paragraph_text": "The Carnic Prealps (\"Prealpi Carniche\" in Italian) or Southern Carnic Alps () are a mountain range in the Southern Limestone Alps, part of the larger Carnic and Gailtal Alps group. They are located in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, in the northern part of Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Robert Lee Independent School District", "paragraph_text": "Robert Lee Independent School District is a public school district based in Robert Lee, Texas (USA) covers much of western Coke County", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Arrondissement of Forcalquier", "paragraph_text": "The arrondissement of Forcalquier is an arrondissement of France in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Since the January 2017 reorganization of the arrondissements of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, it has 97 communes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Swiss Alps", "paragraph_text": "The Alps cover 65% of Switzerland's total 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi) surface area, making it one of the most alpine countries. Despite the fact that Switzerland covers only 14% of the Alps total 192,753 square kilometres (74,422 sq mi) area, 48 out of 82 alpine four - thousanders are located in the Swiss Alps and practically all of the remaining 34 are within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the country's border.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Arrondissement of Castellane", "paragraph_text": "The arrondissement of Castellane is an arrondissement of France in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Since the January 2017 reorganization of the arrondissements of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, it has 41 communes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Stellihorn", "paragraph_text": "The Stellihorn is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking the lake of Mattmark in the canton of Valais. It lies south of Saas-Almagell in the upper valley of Saas. The north side is covered by a glacier named \"Nollen Gletscher\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "North Meols", "paragraph_text": "North Meols is a civil parish and electoral ward in the West Lancashire district of Lancashire, England. The parish covers the village of Banks and the hamlet of Hundred End. The population of the parish/ward at the 2011 census was 4,146. Historically the parish covered a wider area including much of what is now Southport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chammliberg", "paragraph_text": "The Chammliberg is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located south of the Klausen Pass in the canton of Uri. While the south side of the mountain is covered by the large Hüfi Glacier, the north-west side consists of an 800 metre high face.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Horizon Field", "paragraph_text": "Horizon Field is a 2010 sculpture installation by Antony Gormley. The installation features 100 life-sized cast iron statues of the human body left at exactly 2,039 m above sea-level in the Austrian Alps. It is the first art project of its kind erected in the Alps and the largest landscape intervention in Austria to date. The work covers an area of 150 square kilometres in the Land Vorarlberg, Austria, communities of Mellau, Schoppernau, Schröcken, Warth, Mittelberg, Lech, Klösterle, and Dalaas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "At present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year tourism is integral to the Alpine economy with much it coming from winter sports although summer visitors are an important component of the tourism industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "The English word Alps derives from the Latin Alpes (through French). Maurus Servius Honoratus, an ancient commentator of Virgil, says in his commentary (A. X 13) that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts. The term may be common to Italo-Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Arrondissement of Gap", "paragraph_text": "The arrondissement of Gap is an arrondissement of France in the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It has 126 communes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Bristol (European Parliament constituency)", "paragraph_text": "Bristol was a European Parliament constituency centred on Bristol in England, but covering much of Avon. Until 1984, it included parts of southern Gloucestershire and northwestern Wiltshire.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 100773, "question": "What is the continent of Segrate?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 9428, "question": "How much of #1 does the Alps cover?", "answer": "11 percent of the surface area", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "State constitution (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Usually, they are much longer than the United States Constitution, which only contains 4,543 words. State constitutions are usually longer than 8,500 - words because they are more detailed regarding the day - to - day relationships between government and the people. The shortest is the Constitution of Vermont, adopted in 1793 and currently 8,295 words long. The longest is Alabama's sixth and current constitution, ratified in 1901, about 345,000 words long. Both the federal and state constitutions are organic texts: they are the fundamental blueprints for the legal and political organizations of the United States and the states, respectively.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Supreme Court of California", "paragraph_text": "Supreme Court of California Seal of the Supreme Court of California Established 1849 Country United States Location San Francisco (Headquarters) Sacramento Los Angeles Authorized by California Constitution Decisions are appealed to Supreme Court of the United States Judge term length 12 years No. of positions 7 Website Official website Chief Justice Currently Tani Cantil - Sakauye Since January 3, 2011 Lead position ends January 2, 2023", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Constitution of India", "paragraph_text": "The Indian constitution is the world's longest. At its commencement, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. It is made up of approximately 145,000 words, making it the second largest active constitution in the world. In its current form (September 2012), it has a preamble, 25 parts with 448 articles, 12 schedules, 5 appendices and 101 amendments, the latest of which came into force on 8 September 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Coastline of Australia", "paragraph_text": "Coastline length of Australia State / territory Mainland coastline length Island length Total coastline length km mi km mi km mi Australia 35,877 22,293 23,859 14,825 59,736 37,118 Australian Capital Territory - - - - - - Jervis Bay Territory 54 34 1.9 57 35 New South Wales 2,007 1,247 130 81 2,137 1,328 Northern Territory 5,437 3,378 5,516 3,427 10,953 6,806 Queensland 6,973 4,333 6,374 3,961 13,347 8,293 South Australia 3,816 2,371 1,251 777 5,067 3,148 Tasmania 2,833 1,760 2,049 1,273 4,882 3,034 Victoria 1,868 1,161 644 400 2,512 1,561 Western Australia 12,889 8,009 7,892 4,904 20,781 12,913", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of U.S. states and territories by coastline", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of U.S. states ranked by their coastline length. Thirty states have a coastline: twenty - three with a coastline on the Arctic, Atlantic, and / or Pacific Ocean, and eight with a Great Lakes coastline; New York has coasts on both. States with no coastline are not included.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Constitution of India", "paragraph_text": "The Indian constitution is the world's longest for a sovereign nation. At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. At about 145,000 words, it is the second - longest active constitution -- after the Constitution of Alabama -- in the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Simpsons", "paragraph_text": "Since its debut on December 17, 1989, 629 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast. Its 29th season began on October 1, 2017. It is the longest - running American sitcom and the longest - running American animated program, and, in 2009, it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest - running American scripted primetime television series. The Simpsons Movie, a feature - length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27, 2007, and grossed over $527 million. On November 4, 2016, the series was renewed for a twenty - ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each, extending the show to 2019.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "The highest mountain of the country is the Mont Agou at 986 m above sea level. The longest river is the Mono River with a length of 400 km. It runs from north to south.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of longest-running Philippine television series", "paragraph_text": "Length Number of seasons Series Network First broadcast Last broadcast Number of episodes Notes 42 years N / A Kapwa Ko Mahal Ko GMA December 1, 1975 present N / A 1st Longest - running public service show. 42 years N / A NewsWatch RPN June 1970 October 29, 2012 N / A 2nd Longest - running English - language newscast until 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Heiyantuduwa Raja (elephant)", "paragraph_text": "Heiyantuduwa Raja (Sinhala:හෙයියන්තුඩුවේ රාජා) was a Sri Lankan elephant, which carried the Relic of the tooth of the Buddha casket in the Dalada Perahera for 11 years after the demise of Maligawa Raja. Heiyantuduwa Raja's tusks were each in length when he was living and it was considered as one of the longest-tusked elephants in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sartorius muscle", "paragraph_text": "The sartorius muscle (/ sɑːrˈtɔːri. əs /) is the longest muscle in the human body. It is a long, thin, superficial muscle that runs down the length of the thigh in the anterior compartment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Geography of Canada", "paragraph_text": "Canada covers 9,984,670 km (3,855,100 sq mi) 9,984,670 km (3,855,103 sq. miles) and a panoply of various geoclimatic regions. There are 8 main regions. Canada also encompasses vast maritime terrain, with the world's longest coastline of 243,042 kilometres (151,019 mi). The physical geography of Canada is widely varied. Boreal forests prevail throughout the country, ice is prominent in northerly Arctic regions and through the Rocky Mountains, and the relatively flat Canadian Prairies in the southwest facilitate productive agriculture. The Great Lakes feed the St. Lawrence River (in the southeast) where lowlands host much of Canada's population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Soup or Sonic", "paragraph_text": "\"Soup or Sonic\" was directed by Chuck Jones and Phil Monroe. The title is an oronym, a play on the terms \"supersonic\" and 'soup or salad', as one might be offered by a waiter in a restaurant. In comparison to other episodes, this is the longest episode with a length of 9 minutes and 11 seconds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Flumendosa", "paragraph_text": "The Flumendosa is a river of southern Sardinia, Italy. With a length of , it is the second longest river of the island behind the Tirso.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Coastline of the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "The mapping authority for the United Kingdom, the Ordnance Survey, records the coastline of the main island, Great Britain, as 11,072.76 miles rounding to 11,073 miles (17,820 km). The British Cartographic Society points out that ``The true answer is: it depends! ''. If the larger islands are added, the coastline as measured by the standard method at Mean High Water Mark rises to about 19,491 miles (31,368 km). According to the CIA Factbook, the length of the UK coastline is around 12,429 km or 7,723 miles, although no details are provided about how this figure was calculated. On the basis of EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive boundaries, the UK coastline can be divided into the eastern, Greater North Sea section, which using 1km2 box counts and including islands is 4,994 km, and a western Celtic Seas coastline, which using the same measurement approach and including Northern Ireland is 14,201 km.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Located in Southern Europe, Greece consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the sea at the southern end of the Balkans, ending at the Peloponnese peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth) and strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Due to its highly indented coastline and numerous islands, Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world with 13,676 km (8,498 mi); its land boundary is 1,160 km (721 mi). The country lies approximately between latitudes 34° and 42° N, and longitudes 19° and 30° E, with the extreme points being:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Rove Tunnel", "paragraph_text": "The Rove Tunnel is a canal tunnel in France that connected Marseille to the Rhône river. It was opened in 1927 and closed in 1963. With a length of it was a major work of civil engineering and one of the longest such tunnels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Indus River", "paragraph_text": "The Indus River (locally called Sindhū) is one of the longest rivers in Asia. Originating in the Tibetan Plateau in the vicinity of Lake Manasarovar, the river runs a course through the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, towards Gilgit - Baltistan and the Hindukush ranges, and then flows in a southerly direction along the entire length of Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi in Sindh. It is the longest river and national river of Pakistan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Three Countries Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Three Countries Bridge (German: Dreiländerbrücke, French: La passerelle des Trois Pays) is an arch bridge which crosses the Rhine between the commune of Huningue (France) and Weil am Rhein (Germany), within the Basel (Switzerland) metropolitan area. It is the world's longest single-span bridge dedicated exclusively to carrying pedestrians and cyclists. Its overall length is and its main span is .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Bananal Island", "paragraph_text": "Bananal Island (, ) is a large river island formed from the bisection of the Araguaia River, in southwestern Tocantins, Brazil. The island is formed by a fork in a very flat section of the Araguaia River. Bananal Island is the second largest fluvial island in the world and the largest without an ocean coastline, at long and wide. Its total area is . The rivers within the island flow parallel to the Araguaia, and the Jaburu do Bananal is the longest river within a river.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 26529, "question": "What country has the longest Constitution?", "answer": "India", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 42793, "question": "what is the length of the coastline of #1", "answer": "7,516.6 km (4,671 mi)", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cape Jones", "paragraph_text": "Cape Jones () is the cape lying immediately southeast of Mount Lubbock and marking the southern tip of the Daniell Peninsula in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was discovered in January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross who named it for Captain William Jones, Royal Navy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sonning Eye", "paragraph_text": "Sonning Eye is a hamlet on the River Thames in the Sonning Common ward of South Oxfordshire, England, in the civil parish of Eye & Dunsden (one of its four small settlements), at what is since 1974 the southernmost tip of Oxfordshire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Belousov Point", "paragraph_text": "Belousov Point () is an ice-covered headland forming the southern tip of the Anderson Peninsula, located just north of the terminus of Suvorov Glacier, situated in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The geographical headland was first mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1958 and named for the Soviet polar captain Mikhail P. Belousov, 1904–46. The headland lies on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jabur", "paragraph_text": "Jabur, alternately Jabor (Chinese: 雅姆), is a small town in the southern tip of Terengganu, Malaysia. It is situated in Kemaman constituency, near the Terengganu-Pahang border.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kizimkazi Mosque", "paragraph_text": "The Kizimkazi Mosque is a mosque situated on the southern tip of the island of Zanzibar in Tanzania and is one of the oldest Islamic buildings on the East African coast. Despite its name, it is located in Dimbani, not Kizimkazi, which is away (this is because the official names of these two joined villages are Kizimkazi Dimbani and Kizimkazi Mtendeni). According to a preserved kufic inscription, it was built in 1107 by settlers from Shiraz. Although the inscription and certain coral-carved decorative elements date from the period of construction, the majority of the present structure was rebuilt in the 18th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Playa Balandra", "paragraph_text": "Playa Balandra is a beach located on the Baja California Sur peninsula of Mexico in La Paz. It is located on the Eastern side of the peninsula, but faces west, as the southern tip comes up.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Alaska", "paragraph_text": "With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above the North Pacific. It is the most perfect volcanic cone on Earth, even more symmetrical than Japan's Mount Fuji. The chain of volcanoes extends to Mount Spurr, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of Wrangellia, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the Pacific Northwest, which is actively undergoing continent building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "paragraph_text": "A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa. This misconception was based on the misbelief that the Cape was the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Contemporary geographic knowledge instead states the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about 150 kilometres (90 mi) to the east - southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm - water Agulhas current meets the cold water Benguela current and turns back on itself. That oceanic meeting point fluctuates between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point (about 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) east of the Cape of Good Hope).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Santa Marta Formation", "paragraph_text": "The Santa Marta Formation is a geologic formation in Antarctica. It, along with the Hanson Formation and the Snow Hill Island Formation, are the only formations yet known on the continent where dinosaur fossils have been found. The formation outcrops on James Ross Island off the coast of the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. In its entirety, the Santa Marta Formation is on average one kilometer thick.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Swimming Reindeer", "paragraph_text": "The Swimming Reindeer is the name given to a 13,000-year-old Magdalenian sculpture of two swimming reindeer conserved in the British Museum. The sculpture was made in what is now modern-day France by an unknown artist who carved the artwork from the tip of a mammoth tusk. The sculpture was found in two pieces in 1866, but it was not until the early 20th century that Abbé Henri Breuil realised that the two pieces fit together to form a single sculpture of two reindeer swimming nose-to-tail.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "South Africa", "paragraph_text": "The name ``South Africa ''is derived from the country's geographic location at the southern tip of Africa. Upon formation the country was named the Union of South Africa in English, reflecting its origin from the unification of four formerly separate British colonies. Since 1961 the long form name in English has been the`` Republic of South Africa''. In Dutch the country was named Republiek van Zuid - Afrika, replaced in 1983 by the Afrikaans Republiek van Suid - Afrika. Since 1994 the Republic has had an official name in each of its 11 official languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Togolese franc", "paragraph_text": "The franc was the currency of Togo. Between 1924 and 1956, coins specifically for use in Togo were issued. Since 1945, Togo uses the West African CFA franc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cape James", "paragraph_text": "Cape James is a cape which forms the southern tip of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name appears on a chart based upon the 1828–31 British naval expedition under Captain Henry Foster, and is now well established in international usage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Amundsen Sea", "paragraph_text": "The Amundsen Sea, an arm of the Southern Ocean off Marie Byrd Land in western Antarctica, lies between Cape Flying Fish (the northwestern tip of Thurston Island) to the east and Cape Dart on Siple Island to the west. Cape Flying Fish marks the boundary between the Amundsen Sea and the Bellingshausen Sea. West of Cape Dart there is no named marginal sea of the Southern Ocean between the Amundsen and Ross Seas. The Norwegian expedition of 1928–1929 under Captain Nils Larsen named the body of water for the Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen while exploring this area in February 1929.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, whose economy depends highly on agriculture, with a climate that provides good growing seasons. While the official language is French, many other languages are spoken in Togo, particularly those of the Gbe family. The largest religious group in Togo consists of those with indigenous beliefs, and there are significant Christian and Muslim minorities. Togo is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Francophonie, and Economic Community of West African States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mesozoic", "paragraph_text": "Compared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, and the Khingan Mountains in Manchuria. This orogeny was related to the opening of the Arctic Ocean and subduction of the North China and Siberian cratons under the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, the era featured the dramatic rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea. Pangaea gradually split into a northern continent, Laurasia, and a southern continent, Gondwana. This created the passive continental margin that characterizes most of the Atlantic coastline (such as along the U.S. East Coast) today.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "South Korea", "paragraph_text": "South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 100331, "question": "The continent that Togo is on is what?", "answer": "Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 85374, "question": "what is the name of the southern tip of #1", "answer": "Cape Agulhas", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[ "Agulhas" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Boylston, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Boylston is a populated place between the city of Montgomery, Alabama, United States and the Tallapoosa River. In 1950 it had a population of 1,000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dolores, Colorado", "paragraph_text": "The Town of Dolores is a Statutory Town in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 936 at the 2010 census. It is one of three incorporated municipalities in the county.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Dennis (CDP), Massachusetts", "paragraph_text": "Dennis is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Dennis in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 2,407 at the 2010 census. The CDP includes the populated places known as North Dennis and New Boston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "La Plata Mountains", "paragraph_text": "The La Plata Mountains are a small subrange of the San Juan Mountains in the southwestern part of Colorado, United States. They are located on the border between Montezuma and La Plata counties, about northwest of Durango. Their name is Spanish for \"silver\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "2018 Chinese Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton was the defending race winner. Sebastian Vettel entered the round with a seventeen - point lead over Hamilton in the World Drivers' Championship. His team, Ferrari, led Mercedes by ten points in the World Constructors' Championship. Vettel qualified on pole position, and in doing so recorded Ferrari's first pole position in China in fourteen years. Daniel Ricciardo won the race ahead of Valtteri Bottas and Kimi Räikkönen. Vettel's championship lead was cut to nine points when he finished in eighth place, the result of contact with Max Verstappen late in the race.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Lynn Township, Clay County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Lynn Township is one of sixteen townships in Clay County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 89 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 85.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Oneida Township, Kearney County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Oneida Township is one of fourteen townships in Kearney County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 515 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 495.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Ferrari 575M Maranello", "paragraph_text": "The Ferrari 575M Maranello (Type F133) is a two-seat, two-door, grand tourer manufactured by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari. Launched in 2002, it is essentially an updated 550 Maranello featuring minor styling changes from Pininfarina. The 575M was replaced by the 599 GTB in the first half of 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Walker Township, Platte County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Walker Township is one of eighteen townships in Platte County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 267 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 270.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 \"places\", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and two cities with populations over 50,000, Missoula and Great Falls. These three communities are considered the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Motobdella montezuma", "paragraph_text": "Motobdella montezuma is a species of leech which is only found in Montezuma Well, central Arizona, United States. It is a nocturnal pelagic predator that feeds almost exclusively on the endemic amphipod \"Hyalella montezuma\", which it detects using passive sonar and swallows whole.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sappa Township, Harlan County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Sappa Township is one of sixteen townships in Harlan County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 324 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 298.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "State of New Jersey Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Garden State Motto (s): Liberty and prosperity Official language None Spoken languages English (only) 69.4% Spanish 15.9% Indic 2.7% Chinese 1.5% Korean 1.1% French 0.97% Tagalog 0.94% Portuguese 0.91% Italian 0.83% Arabic 0.76% Polish 0.72% Russian 0.57% Demonym New Jerseyan (official), New Jerseyite Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Largest metro Greater New York Area Ranked 47th Total 8,722.58 sq mi (22,591.38 km) Width 70 miles (112 km) Length 170 miles (273 km)% water 15.7 Latitude 38 ° 56 ′ N to 41 ° 21 ′ N Longitude 73 ° 54 ′ W to 75 ° 34 ′ W Population Ranked 11th Total 9,032,872 (2018 est.) Density 1210.10 / sq mi (467 / km) Ranked 1st Median household income $68,357 (7th) Elevation Highest point High Point 1,803 ft (549.6 m) Mean 250 ft (80 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean Sea level Before statehood Province of New Jersey Admission to Union December 18, 1787 (3rd) Governor Phil Murphy (D) Lieutenant Governor Sheila Oliver (D) Legislature New Jersey Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house General Assembly U.S. Senators Bob Menendez (D) Cory Booker (D) U.S. House delegation 7 Democrats 5 Republicans (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC - 5 / - 4 ISO 3166 US - NJ Abbreviations NJ, N.J. Website www.nj.gov", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Auto Avio Costruzioni 815", "paragraph_text": "The Auto Avio Costruzioni 815 was the first car to be fully designed and built by Enzo Ferrari. Legal issues with former associates Alfa Romeo prevented Ferrari from creating the Ferrari marque. The 815 raced at the 1940 Brescia Grand Prix, where both entries failed to finish due to engine problems. One of the cars was later scrapped, while the other is currently in a car collection in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Oconee Township, Platte County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Oconee Township is one of eighteen townships in Platte County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 491 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 496.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Montezuma's Ferrari", "paragraph_text": "Montezuma's Ferrari is the second novel in Burt \"BS\" Levy's series about a 19-year-old New Jersey gas station mechanic growing up and coming of age while being sucked into the glamorous, dangerous world of open-road sports car racing during the 1950s. The story begins just a week after \"The Last Open Road\" ends. In the book, Buddy Palumbo, the main character, repairs cars at the Sinclair gas station he works at in Passaic, New Jersey, and races all over the Eastern, predominantly Northern, United States and Mexico.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Montezuma, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Montezuma is an unincorporated community in Avery County, North Carolina, United States. Before its founding in 1883, it had two variant names, Aaron and Bull Scrape. The community is located on Old State Highway 181 and is on the Eastern Continental Divide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "McPhee Reservoir", "paragraph_text": "McPhee Reservoir is located in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. It was constructed and is operated by the United States Bureau of Reclamation as part of the Dolores Project, and dams the Dolores River to furnish irrigation water for Montezuma and Dolores counties and the Ute Mountain Indian Reservation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Alhambra, Montana", "paragraph_text": "Alhambra is a populated place in Jefferson County, Montana, United States. It is a subdivision about a mile south of Clancy and shares a postal code (59634) with that town. Alhambra is part of the Helena Micropolitan Area, and its population is counted within the Clancy census-designated place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chinese Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "Year Driver Constructor Report 2017 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Report 2016 Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report 2015 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Report 2014 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Report 2013 Fernando Alonso Ferrari Report 2012 Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report 2011 Lewis Hamilton McLaren - Mercedes Report Jenson Button McLaren - Mercedes Report 2009 Sebastian Vettel Red Bull - Renault Report 2008 Lewis Hamilton McLaren - Mercedes Report 2007 Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari Report 2006 Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report 2005 Fernando Alonso Renault Report Rubens Barrichello Ferrari Report", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 136647, "question": "Which place is Montezuma's Ferrari in?", "answer": "New Jersey", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 61064, "question": "what is the population of the state of #1", "answer": "9,032,872", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sanskrit", "paragraph_text": "The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes V to VIII). This is true of most schools affiliated with the ICSE board, especially in those states where the official language is Hindi. Sanskrit is also taught in traditional gurukulas throughout India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Joseph Bloch", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Meyer Bloch (pronounced \"block\", November 6, 1917 – March 4, 2009) was an American concert pianist and professor of piano literature at the Juilliard School in New York City. During a career at Juilliard that spanned five decades, Bloch's students included Emanuel Ax, Van Cliburn, Misha Dichter, Garrick Ohlsson, Jeffrey Siegel and Jeffrey Swann. During his time at the school, with the exception of an attempted retirement in the 1980s, Bloch taught every piano student at Juilliard. While other Juilliard piano instructors taught prowess at the keyboard, Bloch focused on what \"The New York Times\" described as \"the who, the why and the what-if\" of the piano, not \"the how-to\". For one year, 1995–96, Mr. Bloch co-taught the Juilliard piano literature courses with Bruce Brubaker. After Mr. Bloch’s retirement in 1996, Brubaker continued teaching the piano literature courses at Juilliard for nine years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Czech language", "paragraph_text": "Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czech was reported as the most-common language spoken at home (besides English) in Valley, Butler and Saunders Counties, Nebraska and Republic County, Kansas. With the exception of Spanish (the non-English language most commonly spoken at home nationwide), Czech was the most-common home language in over a dozen additional counties in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, North Dakota and Minnesota. As of 2009, 70,500 Americans spoke Czech as their first language (49th place nationwide, behind Turkish and ahead of Swedish).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Welsh-medium education", "paragraph_text": "Welsh medium education should be distinguished from the teaching of the Welsh language itself as an academic subject. Welsh as a subject is taught as a first language in Welsh medium schools. In the majority of English medium schools, Welsh is taught as a second language and became compulsory for all pupils in Wales at Key Stages 1, 2 and 3 (up to age 14) in 1990. In 1999, it became a compulsory subject for Key Stage 4 pupils (GCSE (ages 15 and 16)). Provision of Welsh as a subject in independent (private) schools is less widespread -- only a few provide it, and it is taught as a second language. There is no private designated Welsh - medium school in Wales, although one does exist in London, known as the London Welsh School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Global Alliance in Management Education", "paragraph_text": "CEMS Master's in International Management (CEMS MIM) is a one-year degree program for a select group of students at the member institutions, taught jointly by CEMS business schools and universities Created in 1988 by founding members from the University of Cologne, HEC Paris, ESADE and the Università Bocconi, it was the first supra-national MSc. The aim of CEMS is to provide education and research for students who aspire to play a role in the development and direction of enterprises in a global context.A CEMS MIM usually consists of two semesters, one at the home university and the other in a CEMS member school abroad. Some CEMS universities allow their students to spend both semesters at CEMS member schools including Keio University in Tokyo. In addition to completing one's home degree, graduation from CEMS also requires completion of a business project, skill seminars, an international internship, and 2 foreign language exams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Second Yuying Foreign Languages School of Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "The Second Yuying Foreign Languages School of Nanjing is a state-owned, privately-run school established in 1993 in Nanjing, China. The school covers an area of 18 acres and has two campuses, offering 72 classes, with more than 2,700 students and 400 staff.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "José Antunes Sobrinho", "paragraph_text": "The Portuguese language is the official national language and the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are also part of the official curriculum. The city has six international schools: American School of Brasília, Brasília International School (BIS), Escola das Nações, Swiss International School (SIS), Lycée français François-Mitterrand (LfFM) and Maple Bear Canadian School. August 2016 will see the opening of a new international school - The British School of Brasilia. Brasília has two universities, three university centers, and many private colleges.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Nellie Quander", "paragraph_text": "When Nellie Quander entered Howard University, only 1/3 of 1% of African Americans and 5% of whites attended any college. While enrolled at Howard University, Quander also taught students at the Garrison School in Washington D.C.'s public school system. In June 1912, Nellie graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree, magna cum laude, in history, economics, and political science.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Wichita Northeast Magnet High School", "paragraph_text": "Wichita Northeast Magnet High School, known locally as Northeast, is a magnet high school for the Wichita School District and is located in Bel Aire, Kansas, United States. Wichita Northeast Magnet High School was the first magnet high school in Kansas. The magnet areas at Northeast include visual arts, science, and law. Students are also exposed to mathematics and language arts. Since it is a magnet school, there is no district boundary placed by the school district, meaning any high school age student within the Wichita city limits, can attend the school without requiring a special transfer, they still, however, are required to apply for the school, then students are selected at random to attend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Guinea-Bissau", "paragraph_text": "Most Portuguese and Mestiços speak one of the African languages and Kriol as second languages. French is also taught in schools because Guinea-Bissau is surrounded by French-speaking nations. Guinea-Bissau is a full member of the Francophonie.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "James Van Pelt", "paragraph_text": "James Van Pelt (born 1954 in Akron, Ohio) is an American science fiction author who began publishing in the mid-90s. He is also a teacher in the language arts department at Fruita Monument High School in Fruita, Colorado. He is also the former advisor of The Catalyst, the student-run monthly magazine of Fruita Monument High School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Beyoncé", "paragraph_text": "Beyoncé's music is generally R&B, but she also incorporates pop, soul and funk into her songs. 4 demonstrated Beyoncé's exploration of 90s-style R&B, as well as further use of soul and hip hop than compared to previous releases. While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day. To record these, Beyoncé was coached phonetically by American record producer Rudy Perez.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Lincoln Community School", "paragraph_text": "Lincoln Community School is a private school in Accra, Ghana, West Africa. It is a non-profit, college-preparatory, international school. There is an expatriate population associated with the various embassies, Foreign Service agencies, NGO’s, United Nations organisations, and international businesses. They also have a large number of students whose parents are Ghanaian nationals. 25% of the students are Americans, 8% are Ghanaians, and 67% are from other countries. English is the language of instruction. Classes are offered from Pre-school through to grade 12. The school year is divided into 2 semesters (August–December & January–June) and additionally into quarterly assessment periods. It was established in 1968.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Education in the United States", "paragraph_text": "There are more than 14,000 school districts in the country, and more than $500 billion is spent each year on public primary and secondary education. Most states require that their school districts within the state teach for 180 days a year. In 2010, there were 3,823,142 teachers in public, charter, private, and Catholic elementary and secondary schools. They taught a total of 55,203,000 students, who attended one of 132,656 schools.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gimpo Foreign Language High School", "paragraph_text": "Gimpo Foreign Language High School is a boarding high school in Gimpo, South Korea specialising in the teaching of foreign languages. Construction of the school building began in December 2004; the school opened its doors to students in March 2006, having spent ₩21 billion on construction. The director Jeon Byeong-du, a construction equipment magnate, used his own fortune to build the school, joking that he would rather give something back to society than leave his money to his children and start an inheritance dispute. Students can choose to study English, Chinese, or Japanese. The school admitted 290 students in its first year, divided into eight classes (four for English and two each for Chinese and Japanese).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Kells Academy", "paragraph_text": "Kells Academy is an academic high school, middle school and elementary school in Montreal, Quebec. The school offers programs for kindergarten to grade 11 with about 169 students in its high school. Founded in 1978 by Mrs Irene Woods, this private school requires students to wear uniforms and the language of instruction is English.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sarajevo International School", "paragraph_text": "QSI International School of Sarajevo is an international school in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The language of instruction is English. The curriculum is based on US National Standards with the addition of three foreign languages. The school is funded by tuition fees. Students range from 3 to 18 years of age. The school's Director is Gale Stubbs. The school is located in Vogošća, a quiet suburb of Sarajevo. It has approximately 150 students, representing 37 nationalities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Spanish language in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Dutch language", "paragraph_text": "Despite the Dutch presence in Indonesia for almost 350 years, as the Asian bulk of the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch language has no official status there and the small minority that can speak the language fluently are either educated members of the oldest generation, or employed in the legal profession, as some legal codes are still only available in Dutch. Dutch is taught in various educational centres in Indonesia, the most important of which is the Erasmus Language Centre (ETC) in Jakarta. Each year, some 1,500 to 2,000 students take Dutch courses there. In total, several thousand Indonesians study Dutch as a foreign language. Owing to centuries of Dutch rule in Indonesia, many old documents are written in Dutch. Many universities therefore include Dutch as a source language, mainly for law and history students. In Indonesia this involves about 35,000 students.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Tuvalu", "paragraph_text": "Required attendance at school is 10 years for males and 11 years for females (2001). The adult literacy rate is 99.0% (2002). In 2010, there were 1,918 students who were taught by 109 teachers (98 certified and 11 uncertified). The teacher-pupil ratio for primary schools in Tuvalu is around 1:18 for all schools with the exception of Nauti School, which has a teacher-student ratio of 1:27. Nauti School on Funafuti is the largest primary in Tuvalu with more than 900 students (45 percent of the total primary school enrolment). The pupil-teacher ratio for Tuvalu is low compared to the Pacific region (ratio of 1:29).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 212, "question": "What other language has she sung?", "answer": "Spanish", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 32333, "question": "Are students taught #1 in american schools?", "answer": "More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Vishwanath Jadhav", "paragraph_text": "On 4 April 1952, Vishwanath was honoured by the first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya at Delhi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Eliphalet Nott", "paragraph_text": "Eliphalet Nott (June 25, 1773 – January 25, 1866), was a famed Presbyterian minister, inventor, educational pioneer, and long-term president of Union College, Schenectady, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Independence Day (India)", "paragraph_text": "Independence Day of India The National Flag of India hoisted at the Red Fort in Delhi; hoisted flags are a common sight on Independence Day. Also called स्वतंत्रता दिवस Observed by India Type National Significance Commemorates the independence of India Celebrations Flag hoisting, parade, fireworks, singing patriotic songs and the National Anthem Jana Gana Mana, speech by the Prime Minister of India and President of India Date 15 August Frequency Annual First time 15th August 1947 Related to Republic Day", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "Although the Twenty - second Amendment was clearly a reaction to Franklin D. Roosevelt's service as President for an unprecedented four terms, the notion of presidential term limits has long - standing roots in American politics. The Constitutional Convention of 1787 considered the issue extensively, although it ultimately declined to restrict the amount of time a person could serve as president. But following George Washington's decision to retire after his second elected term, numerous public figures subsequently argued he had established a ``two - term tradition ''that served as a vital check against any one person, or the presidency as a whole, accumulating too much power.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Day of the Dead", "paragraph_text": "Day of the Dead Día de Muertos altar commemorating a deceased man in Milpa Alta, México DF Observed by Mexico, and regions with large Hispanic populations Type Cultural Syncretic Christian Significance Prayer and remembrance of friends and family members who have died Celebrations Creation of altars to remember the dead, traditional dishes for Day of the Dead Begins October 31 Ends November 2 Date October 31 Next time 31 October 2018 (2018 - 10 - 31) Frequency Annual Related to All Saints' Day", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Columbus Day", "paragraph_text": "Many Italian - Americans observe Columbus Day as a celebration of their heritage, and the first such celebration was held in New York City on October 12, 1866. The day was first enshrined as a legal holiday in the United States through the lobbying of Angelo Noce, a first generation Italian, in Denver. The first statewide holiday was proclaimed by Colorado governor Jesse F. McDonald in 1905, and it was made a statutory holiday in 1907. In April 1934, as a result of lobbying by the Knights of Columbus and New York City Italian leader Generoso Pope, Congress and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt proclaimed October 12 a federal holiday under the name Columbus Day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Flag Day (United States)", "paragraph_text": "In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation that officially established June 14 as Flag Day; in August 1946, National Flag Day was established by an Act of Congress. Flag Day is not an official federal holiday. Title 36 of the United States Code, Subtitle I, Part A, CHAPTER 1, § 110 is the official statute on Flag Day; however, it is at the president's discretion to officially proclaim the observance. On June 14, 1937, Pennsylvania became the first U.S. state to celebrate Flag Day as a state holiday, beginning in the town of Rennerdale. New York Statutes designate the second Sunday in June as Flag Day, a state holiday.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Dead Celebrities", "paragraph_text": "\"Dead Celebrities\" is the eighth episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 189th overall episode of the series, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 7, 2009. In the episode, Ike is haunted by the ghosts of dead celebrities until Michael Jackson, who refuses to accept death, possesses him.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of Teachers' Days", "paragraph_text": "The idea of celebrating Teachers' Day took root in many countries during the 19th century; in most cases, they celebrate a local educator or an important milestone in education. This is the primary reason why countries celebrate this day on different dates, unlike many other International Days. For example, Argentina has commemorated Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's death on 11 September) since 1915; while in India Guru Purnima is traditionally observed as a day to venerate teachers, the birthday of the second president Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September) is also celebrated as Teacher's Day since 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)", "paragraph_text": "President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles is a priesthood calling in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (LDS Church). In general, the President of the Quorum of the Twelve is the most senior apostle in the church, aside from the President of the Church. When the President of the Church dies, it is the President of the Quorum of the Twelve who becomes the new church president. The calling of President of the Twelve has been held by 26 men (one of whom served two non-consecutive terms), 15 of whom have gone on to become President of the Church. The current President of the Quorum of the Twelve is Dallin H. Oaks. Since Oaks is a counselor in the First Presidency, M. Russell Ballard is currently serving as acting president.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Day of the Dead", "paragraph_text": "The Day of the Dead (Spanish: Día de Muertos) is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico, in particular the Central and South regions, and by people of Mexican heritage elsewhere. The multi-day holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died, and help support their spiritual journey. In 2008, the tradition was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Earth Day", "paragraph_text": "Earth Day is an annual event celebrated on April 22. Worldwide, various events are held to demonstrate support for environmental protection. First celebrated in 1970, Earth Day events in more than 193 countries are now coordinated globally by the Earth Day Network.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Day of the Dead", "paragraph_text": "The Day of the Dead celebrations in Mexico developed from ancient traditions among its pre-Columbian cultures. Rituals celebrating the deaths of ancestors had been observed by these civilizations perhaps for as long as 2,500 -- 3,000 years. The festival that developed into the modern Day of the Dead fell in the ninth month of the Aztec calendar, about the beginning of August, and was celebrated for an entire month. The festivities were dedicated to the goddess known as the ``Lady of the Dead '', corresponding to the modern La Calavera Catrina.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Fiambre", "paragraph_text": "Fiambre started out from the tradition in Guatemala of taking dead family members their favorite dishes to the cemeteries for the Day of the Dead. As all different families brought food to the celebrations, they became mixed, eventually mixing them together to this all-encompassing salad. Ingredients usually include numerous sausages and cold cuts, pickled baby corn and onion, beets, pacaya flower, different cheeses, olives, chicken, and sometimes even brussels sprouts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Memorial Day", "paragraph_text": "In 1868, copying a southern annual observance, General John A. Logan of the Grand Army of the Republic, an organization of Union veterans founded in Decatur, Illinois, established Decoration Day as a time for the nation to decorate the graves of the Union war dead with flowers. By the 20th century, various Union and Confederate memorial traditions, celebrated on different days, merged, and Memorial Day eventually extended to honor all Americans who died while in the military service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day", "paragraph_text": "Take Our Daughters To Work Day was created in New York City in the summer of 1992 by the Ms. Foundation for Women and its president, Marie C. Wilson, the Women's foundation treasurer, Ms. Daren Ball, and with support from foundation founder Gloria Steinem. The first celebration took place on April 22, 1993, and has since been celebrated on the fourth Thursday of April in order for the 37 million children, parents, schools in over 3.5 million workplaces across the country, in addition to participants in over 200 countries around the world, to plan ahead for the annual event. The day has generally been scheduled on a day that is a school day for most children in the United States, and schools are provided with literature and encouraged to promote the program. Educators are provided with materials for incorporating career exploration into school curricula on the day before or after the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Enrico Cuccia", "paragraph_text": "Enrico Cuccia (24 November 1907 – 23 June 2000) was an Italian banker, who was the first and long-term president of Mediobanca SpA, the Milan-based investment bank, and a significant figure in the history of capitalism in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "First hundred days", "paragraph_text": "The first hundred days of a first - term presidency of a President of the United States are sometimes used to measure the successes and accomplishments of a president during the time that the president's power and influence are at their greatest. The term was coined in a July 24, 1933, radio address by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, although he was referring to the 100 - day session of the 73rd United States Congress between March 9 and June 17, rather than the first 100 days of his administration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Prophet, seer, and revelator", "paragraph_text": "Prophet, seer, and revelator is an ecclesiastical title used in the Latter Day Saint movement. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (LDS Church) is the largest denomination of the movement, and it currently applies the terms to the members of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. In the past, it has also been applied to the Presiding Patriarch of the church and the Assistant President of the Church. Other sects and denominations of the movement also use these terms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Independence Day (United States)", "paragraph_text": "In 1779, July 4 fell on a Sunday. The holiday was celebrated on Monday, July 5. In 1781, the Massachusetts General Court became the first state legislature to recognize July 4 as a state celebration. In 1783, Moravians in Salem, North Carolina, held a celebration of July 4 with a challenging music program assembled by Johann Friedrich Peter. This work was titled The Psalm of Joy. This is recognized as the first recorded celebration and is still celebrated there today. In 1870, the U.S. Congress made Independence Day an unpaid holiday for federal employees. In 1938, Congress changed Independence Day to a paid federal holiday.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 59766, "question": "where was the day of the dead first celebrated", "answer": "Mexico", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 47644, "question": "how long is the presidents term in #1", "answer": "Six years", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Law of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Unlike the situation with the states, there is no plenary reception statute at the federal level that continued the common law and thereby granted federal courts the power to formulate legal precedent like their English predecessors. Federal courts are solely creatures of the federal Constitution and the federal Judiciary Acts. However, it is universally accepted that the Founding Fathers of the United States, by vesting \"judicial power\" into the Supreme Court and the inferior federal courts in Article Three of the United States Constitution, thereby vested in them the implied judicial power of common law courts to formulate persuasive precedent; this power was widely accepted, understood, and recognized by the Founding Fathers at the time the Constitution was ratified. Several legal scholars have argued that the federal judicial power to decide \"cases or controversies\" necessarily includes the power to decide the precedential effect of those cases and controversies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "John von Neumann", "paragraph_text": "The physics of quantum mechanics was thereby reduced to the mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them. For example, the uncertainty principle, according to which the determination of the position of a particle prevents the determination of its momentum and vice versa, is translated into the non-commutativity of the two corresponding operators. This new mathematical formulation included as special cases the formulations of both Heisenberg and Schrödinger. When Heisenberg was informed von Neumann had clarified the difference between an unbounded operator that was a Self-adjoint operator and one that was merely symmetric, Heisenberg replied \"Eh? What is the difference?\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "NSPCL Bhilai Power Plant", "paragraph_text": "The NSPCL Bhilai Power Plant is a coal-fired captive power station at Bhilai in Durg district, Chhattisgarh, India. The power station owned and operated by NSPCL is a 50:50 joint venture company of NTPC Limited and SAIL to generate power for captive purposes of various steel plants owned by SAIL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "United Nations Trusteeship Council", "paragraph_text": "United Nations Trusteeship Council The chamber of the UN Trusteeship Council, United Nations headquarters / UN headquarters, New York Formation 1945 Type Principal Organ Legal status Inactive (As of 1994) Head President Alexis Lamek France Vice-President Peter Wilson United Kingdom Website www.un.org/en/mainbodies/trusteeship", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cluny Power Station", "paragraph_text": "The Cluny Power Station is a conventional hydroelectric power station located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The power station is situated on the Lower River Derwent catchment and is owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Liapootah Power Station", "paragraph_text": "The Liapootah Power Station is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The power station is situated on the Lower River Derwent catchment and is owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Strasbourg", "paragraph_text": "City transportation in Strasbourg includes the futurist-looking Strasbourg tramway that opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS), consisting of 6 lines with a total length of 55.8 km (34.7 mi). The CTS also operates a comprehensive bus network throughout the city that is integrated with the trams. With more than 500 km (311 mi) of bicycle paths, biking in the city is convenient and the CTS operates a cheap bike-sharing scheme named Vélhop'. The CTS, and its predecessors, also operated a previous generation of tram system between 1878 and 1960, complemented by trolleybus routes between 1939 and 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Computer", "paragraph_text": "The sector, a calculating instrument used for solving problems in proportion, trigonometry, multiplication and division, and for various functions, such as squares and cube roots, was developed in the late 16th century and found application in gunnery, surveying and navigation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Great power", "paragraph_text": "Milena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their influence in regional and international organizations. Various authors describe Italy as an equal major power, while others view Italy as an \"intermittent great power\" or as \"the least of the great powers\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), Congress could not authorize the president to formulate codes of \"fair competition.\" It was held that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers. The Court, however, has deemed that phrases such as \"just and reasonable,\" \"public interest\" and \"public convenience\" suffice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Dennard scaling", "paragraph_text": "Dennard scaling, also known as MOSFET scaling, is a scaling law based on a 1974 paper co-authored by Robert H. Dennard, after whom it is named. Originally formulated for MOSFETs, it states, roughly, that as transistors get smaller, their power density stays constant, so that the power use stays in proportion with area; both voltage and current scale (downward) with length.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Great power", "paragraph_text": "All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system. Arnold J. Toynbee, for example, observes that \"Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers' because Western society had recently become 'world-wide'.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Heavy machine gun", "paragraph_text": "There were thus two main types of heavy, rapid-fire weapons: the manually powered, multiple-barrel machine guns and the single-barrel Maxim guns. By the end of the 19th century, many new designs such as the M1895 Colt–Browning and Hotchkiss were developed, powered by gas operation or recoil operation. Also, rather than the heavy water jacket, new designs introduced other types of barrel cooling, such as barrel replacement, metal fins, heat sinks or some combination of these.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Linus's Law", "paragraph_text": "Linus's Law is a claim about software development, named in honor of Linus Torvalds and formulated by Eric S. Raymond in his essay and book \"The Cathedral and the Bazaar\" (1999). The law states that \"given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow\"; or more formally: \"Given a large enough beta-tester and co-developer base, almost every problem will be characterized quickly and the fix obvious to someone.\" Presenting the code to multiple developers with the purpose of reaching consensus about its acceptance is a simple form of software reviewing. Researchers and practitioners have repeatedly shown the effectiveness of various types of reviewing process in finding bugs and security issues, and also that .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Rover SD1", "paragraph_text": "The Rover SD1 is both the code name and eventual production name given to a series of executive cars built by the Specialist Division (later the \"Jaguar-Rover-Triumph\" division) of British Leyland (BL), under the Rover marque. It was produced through its Specialist, Rover Triumph and Austin Rover divisions from 1976 until 1986, when it was replaced by the Rover 800. The SD1 was marketed under various names. In 1977 it won the European Car of the Year title.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Near East", "paragraph_text": "The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNESCO recognizes neither a Near East nor a Middle East, dividing the countries instead among three regions: Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa. Its division \"does not forcibly reflect geography\" but \"refers to the execution of regional activities.\" The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) describes its entire theatre of operations as the Near East, but then assigns many of its members to other regions as well; for example, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey are in both the European and the Near Eastern regions. Its total area extends further into Central Asia than that of most agencies.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "First Army Division East", "paragraph_text": "First Army Division East was established by Department of the Army Permanent Order 156-7 to provide training and readiness oversight and mobilization operations for an area of responsibility spanning 27 states and territories east of the Mississippi River. First Army Division East is responsible for mobilizing, training, readiness oversight and deploying the United States' Reserve and National Guard Soldiers, and selected Sailors and Airmen along with members of multiple interagency and governmental entities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Repulse Power Station", "paragraph_text": "The Repulse Power Station is a conventional hydroelectric power station located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The power station is situated on the Lower River Derwent catchment and is owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Division of Korea", "paragraph_text": "A Soviet - US Joint Commission met in 1946 and 1947 to work towards a unified administration, but failed to make progress due to increasing Cold War antagonism and to Korean opposition to the trusteeship. Meanwhile, the division between the two zones deepened. The difference in policy between the occupying powers led to a polarization of politics, and a transfer of population between North and South. In May 1946 it was made illegal to cross the 38th parallel without a permit.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 10001, "question": "Who formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations?", "answer": "The United Nations", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 33297, "question": "What did The #1 name \"The Trusteeship Of The Powerful\"", "answer": "\"Four Policemen\"", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "paragraph_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" first appeared as a 40-week serial in \"The National Era\", an abolitionist periodical, starting with the June 5, 1851, issue. It was originally intended as a shorter narrative that would run for only a few weeks. Stowe expanded the story significantly, however, and it was instantly popular, such that several protests were sent to the \"Era\" office when she missed an issue. Because of the story's popularity, the publisher John P. Jewett contacted Stowe about turning the serial into a book. While Stowe questioned if anyone would read \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" in book form, she eventually consented to the request.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "paragraph_text": "Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have \"helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War\".Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Seminary and an active abolitionist, featured the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings.Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and the second best-selling book of that century, following the Bible. It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s. In the first year after it was published, 300,000 copies of the book were sold in the United States; one million copies in Great Britain. In 1855, three years after it was published, it was called \"the most popular novel of our day.\" The impact attributed to the book is great, reinforced by a story that when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the Civil War, Lincoln declared, \"So this is the little lady who started this great war.\" The quote is", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" is a song by American band Warrant. It was released in April 1991 as the third single from Warrant's second album \"Cherry Pie\". The song charted at #78 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #19 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. In Australia, the single peaked at #85 on the ARIA singles chart in May 1991.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "paragraph_text": "The book opens with a Kentucky farmer named Arthur Shelby facing the loss of his farm because of debts. Even though he and his wife Emily Shelby believe that they have a benevolent relationship with their slaves, Shelby decides to raise the needed funds by selling two of them -- Uncle Tom, a middle - aged man with a wife and children, and Harry, the son of Emily Shelby's maid Eliza -- to a slave trader. Emily Shelby is averse to this idea because she had promised her maid that her child would never be sold; Emily's son, George Shelby, hates to see Tom go because he sees the man as his friend and mentor.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "paragraph_text": "Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin, Boston edition Author Harriet Beecher Stowe Original title Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly Illustrator Hammatt Billings (1st edition) Country United States Language English Genre Novel Published Serialized in The National Era for ten months, beginning with the June 5, 1851 issue. Published as a book in two volumes on March 20, 1852, John P. Jewett and Company. Followed by A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin (1853)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mickey's Mellerdrammer", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Mellerdrammer is a 1933 American animated Pre-Code short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by United Artists. The title is a corruption of \"melodrama\", thought to harken back to the earliest minstrel shows, as a film short based on Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery novel \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" and stars Mickey Mouse and his friends who stage their own production of the novel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Song of the South", "paragraph_text": "The film is set on a plantation in the southern United States, specifically in the state of Georgia, some distance from Atlanta. Although sometimes misinterpreted as taking place before the U.S. Civil War while slavery was still legal in the region, the film takes place during the Reconstruction Era after slavery was abolished. Harris' original Uncle Remus stories were all set after the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery. Harris himself, born in 1848, was a racial reconciliation activist writer and journalist of the Reconstruction Era. The film makes several indirect references to the Reconstruction Era: clothing is in the newer late - Victorian style; Uncle Remus is free to leave the plantation at will; black field hands are sharecroppers, etc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tom Swift and His Air Scout", "paragraph_text": "Tom Swift and His Air Scout, Or, Uncle Sam's Mastery of the Sky, is Volume 22 in the original Tom Swift novel series published by Grosset & Dunlap.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "George C. Howard", "paragraph_text": "George C. Howard (1818–1887) was a Nova Scotian-born American actor and showman who is credited with staging the first theatrical production of Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Song of the South", "paragraph_text": "Song of the South is a 1946 American live-action/animated musical film produced by Walt Disney and released by RKO Radio Pictures. It is based on the collection of Uncle Remus stories as adapted by Joel Chandler Harris, and stars James Baskett as Uncle Remus. The film takes place in the southern United States during the Reconstruction era, a period of American history shortly after the end of the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery. The story follows seven-year-old Johnny (Bobby Driscoll) who is visiting his grandmother's plantation for an extended stay. Johnny befriends Uncle Remus, one of the workers on the plantation, and takes joy in hearing his tales about the adventures of Br'er Rabbit, Br'er Fox, and Br'er Bear. Johnny learns from the stories how to cope with the challenges he is experiencing while living on the plantation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "William Rainey Harper Log House", "paragraph_text": "The William Rainey Harper Log House, also known as the Harper Cabin, is located at 20 West Main Street in New Concord, Ohio, United States. The home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on 1980-01-03.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Alcohol laws of Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Another inconsistency involves the difference between legal ages for buying and selling alcoholic beverages. The legal age for purchase is 21, as in all U.S. states. However, the legal age for selling or serving alcoholic beverages in a licensed establishment is 20. In the case of packaged beer, the legal selling age is 18, as long as the person is supervised by someone who is at least 20.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Lofty and the Lowly, or Good in All and None All Good", "paragraph_text": "The Lofty and the Lowly, or Good in All and None All Good is a novel by Maria Jane McIntosh published by D. Appleton & Company in 1853. It was one of many anti-Tom novels published in response to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\". The story is set is Georgia and tells of a plantation owner's efforts to avoid bankruptcy with the help of his loyal slave Daddy Cato. Their efforts are challenged by a northern usurer and devious northern capitalists. The book sold well across the United States upon release, making it one of the most successful anti-Tom novels in the middle 19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Karthago Airlines", "paragraph_text": "As of January 2011, the Karthago Airlines fleet consisted of only one aircraft, a 21-year-old Boeing 737-300, which was equipped with 148 passenger seats in an all-economy class cabin layout.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "This Old House", "paragraph_text": "The show was inspired by a similar feature in This Old House Magazine. It takes place in ``the loft ''of a rural barn somewhere in the Boston area. The regulars on the show are O'Connor, Tom Silva, Richard Trethewey, Roger Cook and Scott Caron. Norm Abram does not appear on Ask This Old House.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Amazing Grace", "paragraph_text": "Another verse was first recorded in Harriet Beecher Stowe's immensely influential 1852 anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. Three verses were emblematically sung by Tom in his hour of deepest crisis. He sings the sixth and fifth verses in that order, and Stowe included another verse not written by Newton that had been passed down orally in African American communities for at least 50 years. It was originally one of between 50 and 70 verses of a song titled ``Jerusalem, My Happy Home ''that first appeared in a 1790 book called A Collection of Sacred Ballads:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin", "paragraph_text": "A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin is a book by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. It was published to document the veracity of the depiction of slavery in Stowe's anti-slavery novel \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" (1852). First published in 1853 by Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, the book also provides insights into Stowe's own views on slavery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Henry Ward Beecher", "paragraph_text": "Henry Ward Beecher was the son of Lyman Beecher, a Calvinist minister who became one of the best-known evangelists of his era. Several of his brothers and sisters became well-known educators and activists, most notably Harriet Beecher Stowe, who achieved worldwide fame with her abolitionist novel \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\". Henry Ward Beecher graduated from Amherst College in 1834 and Lane Theological Seminary in 1837 before serving as a minister in Indianapolis and Lawrenceburg, Indiana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "paragraph_text": "Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel ``helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War '', according to Will Kaufman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Tarryall, Colorado", "paragraph_text": "Tarryall is an unincorporated town of cabins and old buildings in eastern Park County, Colorado, United States. The town is located on Tarryall Creek in the eastern edge of the South Park, between Lake George and Jefferson.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 67233, "question": "where does uncle tom's cabin take place", "answer": "Kentucky", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 79379, "question": "how old do you have to be to buy alcohol in #1", "answer": "21", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Rough Dreams", "paragraph_text": "Rough Dreams is an album by Shivaree, released by Odeon Records in 2002. Due to disputes with the label, \"Rough Dreams\" was not officially released in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Climate of New Zealand", "paragraph_text": "Daily maximum temperatures are normally in the mid to low 20s (° C) over most of the country. They are higher in northern, eastern and interior part of the country; Hastings is the warmest city on average with 25.5 ° C followed by Gisborne with 24.9 ° C and Napier with 24.5 ° C. Eastern parts of the South Island are highly susceptible to the norwester, a Fohn wind which can result in temperatures going into the high 30s and even the low 40s. Rangiora in Canterbury holds the record maximum of 42.4 ° C recorded in 1973, with Christchurch recording 41.6 ° C in that same year. More recently, Timaru reached 41.3 ° C on Waitangi Day in 2011. Due to these winds, the cooler southern cities of Dunedin and Invercargill have higher all - time record temperatures than places further north such as Wellington, Auckland and Whangarei.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Republic of Ireland", "paragraph_text": "The Atlantic Ocean and the warming influence of the Gulf Stream affect weather patterns in Ireland. Temperatures differ regionally, with central and eastern areas tending to be more extreme. However, due to a temperate oceanic climate, temperatures are seldom lower than −5 °C (23 °F) in winter or higher than 26 °C (79 °F) in summer. The highest temperature recorded in Ireland was 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) on 26 June 1887 at Kilkenny Castle in Kilkenny, while the lowest temperature recorded was −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) at Markree Castle in Sligo. Rainfall is more prevalent during winter months and less so during the early months of summer. Southwestern areas experience the most rainfall as a result of south westerly winds, while Dublin receives the least. Sunshine duration is highest in the southeast of the country. The far north and west are two of the windiest regions in Europe, with great potential for wind energy generation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "World of Echo", "paragraph_text": "World of Echo is the only full-length non-collaborative studio album recorded, released and compiled by Arthur Russell during his lifetime. It was released in 1986 on Upside Records in the United States and on Rough Trade Records in the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Destroyer's Rubies", "paragraph_text": "Destroyer's Rubies is the seventh studio album by Canadian indie rock band Destroyer, released on February 21, 2006 on Merge Records, Scratch Records, Acuarela Discos, Architecture, and Rough Trade Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Winter", "paragraph_text": "Meteorological Reckoning is the method of measuring the winter season used by meteorologists based on ``sensible weather patterns ''for record keeping purposes, so the start of meteorological winter varies with latitude. Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. This corresponds to the months of December, January and February in the Northern Hemisphere, and June, July and August in the Southern Hemisphere. The coldest average temperatures of the season are typically experienced in January or February in the Northern Hemisphere and in June, July or August in the Southern Hemisphere. Nighttime predominates in the winter season, and in some regions winter has the highest rate of precipitation as well as prolonged dampness because of permanent snow cover or high precipitation rates coupled with low temperatures, precluding evaporation. Blizzards often develop and cause many transportation delays. Diamond dust, also known as ice needles or ice crystals, forms at temperatures approaching − 40 ° F (− 40 ° C) due to air with slightly higher moisture from aloft mixing with colder, surface based air. They are made of simple ice crystals that are hexagonal in shape. The Swedish meteorological institute (SMHI) define winter as when the daily mean temperatures go below 0 ° C (32 ° F) for five consecutive days. According to the SMHI, winter in Scandinavia is more pronounced when Atlantic low -- pressure systems take more southerly and northerly routes, leaving the path open for high -- pressure systems to come in and cold temperatures to occur. As a result, the coldest January on record in 1987 was also the sunniest in Stockholm.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and mild winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 °C (57 to 93 °F). New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −3.2 °C (26.2 °F). Those for Delhi metropolis stand at 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) and −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) respectively. The average annual rainfall is 784 millimetres (30.9 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Instrumental temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The instrumental temperature record provides the temperature of Earth's climate system from the historical network of in situ measurements of surface air temperatures and ocean surface temperatures. Data are collected at thousands of meteorological stations, buoys and ships around the globe. The longest - running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest - running quasi-global record starts in 1850. In recent decades more extensive sampling of ocean temperatures at various depths have begun allowing estimates of ocean heat content but these do not form part of the global surface temperature datasets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Principality of Sealand", "paragraph_text": "The Principality of Sealand, commonly known as Sealand, is a micronation that claims Roughs Tower, an offshore platform in the North Sea approximately off the coast of Suffolk, as its territory. Roughs Tower is a disused Maunsell Sea Fort, originally called HM Fort Roughs, built as an anti-aircraft gun platform by the British during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Victoria (Australia)", "paragraph_text": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria. The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east-west through the centre of Victoria. Average temperatures are less than 9 °C (48 °F) in winter and below 0 °C (32 °F) in the highest parts of the ranges. The state's lowest minimum temperature of −11.7 °C (10.9 °F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965, and again at Falls Creek on 3 July 1970. Temperature extremes for the state are listed in the table below:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "From the Rough", "paragraph_text": "From the Rough is a sports drama film based on the true story of Catana Starks, a former Tennessee State Tigers swim coach, who became the first woman ever to coach a college men’s golf team. With drive, passion, and guts, she took an unruly group of mismatched kids from around the world and guided them to an all-time record at the PGA National Collegiate Minority Championship.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Its southerly, low lying and sheltered location ensures it is among the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) since 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having \"four seasons in one day\", a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Come on Sister", "paragraph_text": "Come on Sister is an EP from the indie pop band Belle & Sebastian released in 2011. It was released by Rough Trade records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman. Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Global temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The global temperature record shows the fluctuations of the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans through various spans of time. The most detailed information exists since 1850, when methodical thermometer - based records began. There are numerous estimates of temperatures since the end of the Pleistocene glaciation, particularly during the current Holocene epoch. Older time periods are studied by paleoclimatology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Genome", "paragraph_text": "Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Guam", "paragraph_text": "Guam's climate is characterized as tropical marine moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation. The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm). The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the rainy season. The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70–75 °F (21–24 °C) and low humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (36 °C) on April 18, 1971 and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was 65 °F (18 °C) on February 8, 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Highest temperature recorded on Earth", "paragraph_text": "According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest confirmed air temperature on Earth was 56.7 ° C (134.1 ° F) in Furnace Creek Ranch, California, located in the Death Valley desert in the United States, on July 10, 1913. While measuring air temperature is standard, there are two other main ways that a temperature can be recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ashgabat", "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 137037, "question": "Which place is From the Rough in?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 31263, "question": "Where was the highest known temperature in #1 recorded?", "answer": "Perryville", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge", "paragraph_text": "Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge is a United States National Wildlife Refuge located in southern Colorado. The refuge is located in the San Luis Valley south of the town of Monte Vista, Colorado in southeastern Rio Grande County, Colorado, in the watershed of the Rio Grande. It was established in 1953 by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission to provide a habitat for wildlife, particularly waterfowl, in the San Luis Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "American Colonization Society", "paragraph_text": "The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America, commonly known as the American Colonization Society (ACS), was a group established in 1816 by Robert Finley of New Jersey which supported the migration of free African Americans to the continent of Africa. The society in 1821 -- 22 helped to found a colony on the Pepper Coast of West Africa, as a place for free - born or manumitted American blacks. The ACS met with immediate and continuing objections from such African - Americans as James Forten and David Walker, who wished to remain in the land of their birth, saw colonization as a racist strategy for protecting slavery and purging the U.S. of its black citizens, and preferred to fight for equal rights at home. Colonizers were also met with resistance and attacks from those already living in and around the areas being colonized. There was some religious support and missionary efforts were part of the colonization. Disease was a major problem and took a deadly toll.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Santa Marta Formation", "paragraph_text": "The Santa Marta Formation is a geologic formation in Antarctica. It, along with the Hanson Formation and the Snow Hill Island Formation, are the only formations yet known on the continent where dinosaur fossils have been found. The formation outcrops on James Ross Island off the coast of the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. In its entirety, the Santa Marta Formation is on average one kilometer thick.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Playa Balandra", "paragraph_text": "Playa Balandra is a beach located on the Baja California Sur peninsula of Mexico in La Paz. It is located on the Eastern side of the peninsula, but faces west, as the southern tip comes up.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Cape Jones", "paragraph_text": "Cape Jones () is the cape lying immediately southeast of Mount Lubbock and marking the southern tip of the Daniell Peninsula in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was discovered in January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross who named it for Captain William Jones, Royal Navy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Alaska", "paragraph_text": "With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above the North Pacific. It is the most perfect volcanic cone on Earth, even more symmetrical than Japan's Mount Fuji. The chain of volcanoes extends to Mount Spurr, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of Wrangellia, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the Pacific Northwest, which is actively undergoing continent building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres (5,400,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Ancient Greece", "paragraph_text": "Eventually Greek colonization reached as far northeast as present day Ukraine and Russia (Taganrog). To the west the coasts of Illyria, Sicily and Southern Italy were settled, followed by Southern France, Corsica, and even northeastern Spain. Greek colonies were also founded in Egypt and Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "European colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by various European powers. Starting in either the 10th or 11th century, when West Norse sailors explored and briefly settled on the shores of present - day Canada, according to Icelandic Sagas, violent conflicts with the indigenous population ultimately led to the Norse abandoning those settlements.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Antarctic Plate", "paragraph_text": "The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate containing the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau and extending outward under the surrounding oceans. After breakup from Gondwana (the southern part of the supercontinent Pangea), the Antarctic plate began moving the continent of Antarctica south to its present isolated location causing the continent to develop a much colder climate. The Antarctic Plate is bounded almost entirely by extensional mid-ocean ridge systems. The adjoining plates are the Nazca Plate, the South American Plate, the African Plate, the Somali Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and, across a transform boundary, the Scotia Plate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Cape James", "paragraph_text": "Cape James is a cape which forms the southern tip of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name appears on a chart based upon the 1828–31 British naval expedition under Captain Henry Foster, and is now well established in international usage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Monte Hacho", "paragraph_text": "Monte Hacho is a low mountain that overlooks the Spanish city of Ceuta, on the north coast of Africa. Monte Hacho is positioned on the Mediterranean coast at the Strait of Gibraltar opposite Gibraltar, and along with the Rock of Gibraltar is claimed by some to be one of the Pillars of Hercules (the other candidate for the southern pillar being Jebel Musa). According to the legend Hercules pushed apart the two mountains and created a link between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "First Mass in the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521, Easter Sunday. It was said by Father Pedro de Valderrama along the shores of Limasawa at the tip of Southern Leyte. Limasawa is this popularly known as the birthplace of the Church in the Philippines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Strecker's chorus frog", "paragraph_text": "Strecker's chorus frog (\"Pseudacris strecker\") is a species of nocturnal tree frog native to the south central United States, from southern Kansas, through Oklahoma and east to Arkansas, the northwestern tip of Louisiana and south throughouth much of Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Southern Ocean", "paragraph_text": "The Southern Ocean, geologically the youngest of the oceans, was formed when Antarctica and South America moved apart, opening the Drake Passage, roughly 30 million years ago. The separation of the continents allowed the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jabur", "paragraph_text": "Jabur, alternately Jabor (Chinese: 雅姆), is a small town in the southern tip of Terengganu, Malaysia. It is situated in Kemaman constituency, near the Terengganu-Pahang border.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "The highest portion of the range is divided by the glacial trough of the Rhone valley, with the Pennine Alps from Mont Blanc to the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa on the southern side, and the Bernese Alps on the northern. The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in the central and western portions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "South Korea", "paragraph_text": "South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 99295, "question": "In what continent is Monte Hacho in?", "answer": "Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 20577, "question": "When was the southern tip of #1 colonized?", "answer": "1652", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "LineOne", "paragraph_text": "Before LineOne was launched in 1997 as a joint venture between News International and British Telecom, it was known as Springboard Internet Services and previously to that Delphi. This is not to be confused with, although it's related to, the company known as Delphi in the United States which had been purchased by News Corporation shortly before, and then sold on, and whose embryonic UK offerings were overseen by News International. Andrew Burke was the founding CEO and had previously run News International's Internet Publishing division responsible for putting The Times, Sunday Times, The Sun, News of the World and Today onto the web as well as Delphi in the UK.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Internet protocol suite", "paragraph_text": "The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks. It is commonly known as TCP / IP because the foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). It is occasionally known as the Department of Defense (DoD) model, because the development of the networking method was funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2017 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Internet in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The Internet in the United States grew out of the ARPANET, a network sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense during the 1960s. The Internet in the United States in turn provided the foundation for the worldwide Internet of today. Internet access in the United States is largely provided by the private sector and is available in a variety of forms, using a variety of technologies, at a wide range of speeds and costs. In 2015, 97.5% of Americans were using the Internet, which ranks the U.S. 4th out of 211 countries in the world. The United States ranks # 1 in the world with 7,000 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) according to the CIA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "ProQuest", "paragraph_text": "Content is accessed most commonly through library Internet gateways. The current chief executive officer is Matti Shem Tov. ProQuest is part of Cambridge Information Group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Harold Rainsford Stark", "paragraph_text": "Harold Rainsford Stark (November 12, 1880 – August 20, 1972) was an officer in the United States Navy during World War I and World War II, who served as the 8th Chief of Naval Operations from August 1, 1939, to March 26, 1942.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Daniel Vee Lewis", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Vee Lewis (born July 15, 1959) is an American musician and bass player, perhaps best known as the bassist for the Santa Cruz, California-based group World Entertainment War. His current projects include Dreambeach, with cofounder & vocalist, Pipa Piñon, and performance work with Solcircle, The Joint Chiefs, and The Al James Band.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Wayback Machine", "paragraph_text": "In December 2005, activist Suzanne Shell filed suit demanding Internet Archive pay her US $100,000 for archiving her web site profane-justice.org between 1999 and 2004. Internet Archive filed a declaratory judgment action in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on January 20, 2006, seeking a judicial determination that Internet Archive did not violate Shell's copyright. Shell responded and brought a countersuit against Internet Archive for archiving her site, which she alleges is in violation of her terms of service. On February 13, 2007, a judge for the United States District Court for the District of Colorado dismissed all counterclaims except breach of contract. The Internet Archive did not move to dismiss copyright infringement claims Shell asserted arising out of its copying activities, which would also go forward.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Internet service provider", "paragraph_text": "The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Machu Picchu", "paragraph_text": "Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historic Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. In 2007, Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a worldwide Internet poll.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Forest Warrior", "paragraph_text": "Forest Warrior is a 1996 American adventure film starring Chuck Norris and directed by Norris's brother Aaron Norris. The film was released on direct-to-video in the United States on November 5, 1996. The film is perhaps best known since late 2011 as the source of a scene in which Chuck (a ubiquitous Internet meme himself) stops a chainsaw by grabbing it with his bare hand. The scene has been reposted numerous times on YouTube with views totaling several million, as well as made into an animated GIF for use on Internet forums and message boards. (Another memorable scene features a logger who air guitars with his chainsaw.)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2017 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series was played between October 24 and November 1. It was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Eugene Reybold", "paragraph_text": "Eugene Reybold (February 13, 1884 – November 21, 1961) was distinguished as the World War II Chief of Engineers who directed the largest United States Army Corps of Engineers in the nation's history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Alaska Quarterly Review", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Quarterly Review is a biannual literary journal founded in 1980 by Ronald Spatz and James Liszka at the University of Alaska Anchorage. Ronald Spatz serves as editor-in-chief. It was deemed by the \"Washington Post\" \"Book World\" to be \"one of the nation's best literary magazines.\" A number of works originally published in \"The Alaska Quarterly Review\" have been subsequently selected for inclusion in \"The Best American Essays\", \"The Best American Poetry\", \"The Best American Mystery Stories\", \"The Best Creative Nonfiction\", \"The Best American Short Stories, \"The Best American Nonrequired Reading, \"Prize Stories: The O. Henry Awards\", \"The Beacon Best\", \"and \"The Pushcart Prize: The Best of the Small Presses\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Internet Society", "paragraph_text": "The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1992 to provide leadership in Internet-related standards, education, access, and policy. Its mission is \"to promote the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "List of Homestuck characters", "paragraph_text": "In the fifth ``act ''of Homestuck, Hussie introduced an alien species called`` trolls'', based on internet trolls. While the first few acts of Homestuck focused on a more realistic theme of what it is like for a group of kids to be friends on the internet, the trolls took on more explicit representations of facets of Internet culture. Hussie stated that each troll represents a kind of internet behavior that is ``marginalized or controversial, or something most people just want nothing to do with. ''Homestuck aims to normalize and humanize internet cultures that are usually disfavored and rejected.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Internet Crimes Against Children", "paragraph_text": "Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) is a task-force started by the United States Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) in 1998. Its primary goals are to provide state and local law enforcement agencies the tools to prevent Internet crimes against children by encouraging multi-jurisdictional cooperation, as well as educating law enforcement agents, parents, and teachers. The aims of ICAC task forces are to catch distributors of child pornography on the Internet, whether delivered on-line or solicited on-line and distributed through other channels and to catch sexual predators who solicit victims on the Internet through chat rooms, forums and other methods. Currently all fifty states participate in ICAC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Policy & Internet", "paragraph_text": "Policy & Internet is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Policy Studies Organization. The journal was established in 2009 and the editors-in-chief are Helen Margetts, Jonathan Bright, Vili Lehdonvirta, and Victoria Nash (University of Oxford). The journal focuses on the effects of the Internet on public policy, including the ethical implications of new technologies such as social networking, platforms, and algorithms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Estonia has pursued the development of the e-state and e-government. Internet voting is used in elections in Estonia. The first internet voting took place in the 2005 local elections and the first in a parliamentary election was made available for the 2007 elections, in which 30,275 individuals voted over the internet. Voters have a chance to invalidate their electronic vote in traditional elections, if they wish to. In 2009 in its eighth Worldwide Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked Estonia sixth out of 175 countries. In the first ever State of World Liberty Index report, Estonia was ranked first out of 159 countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "List of countries by Internet connection speeds", "paragraph_text": "Rank Country / Territory Avg. connection speed (Mb / s) Relative speed - Global 5.6 5.6 South Korea 26.7 26.7 Sweden 19.1 19.1 Norway 18.8 18.8 Japan 17.4 17.4 5 Netherlands 17.0 17 6 Hong Kong 16.8 16.8 7 Latvia 16.7 16.7 8 Switzerland 16.7 16.7 9 Finland 16.6 16.6 10 Denmark 16.1 16.1", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 48727, "question": "who has the best internet in the world", "answer": "South Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 81708, "question": "who is the chief of state in #1", "answer": "Moon Jae - in", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the \"conservatory\" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that \"concerts are never real music, you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art.\" Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance, Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him, such as \"always crescendo to a high note\", but that he was concerned with expressive phrasing, rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring. Berlioz wrote in 1853 that Chopin \"has created a kind of chromatic embroidery ... whose effect is so strange and piquant as to be impossible to describe ... virtually nobody but Chopin himself can play this music and give it this unusual turn\". Hiller wrote that \"What in the hands of others was elegant embellishment, in his hands became a colourful wreath of flowers.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "During the summers at Nohant, particularly in the years 1839–43, Chopin found quiet, productive days during which he composed many works, including his Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53. Among the visitors to Nohant were Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, whom Chopin had advised on piano technique and composition. Delacroix gives an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music. The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. Chopin invented the concept of instrumental ballade. His major piano works also include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, études, impromptus, scherzos, preludes and sonatas, some published only after his death. Influences on his compositional style include Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, the music of all of whom he admired, as well as the Paris salons where he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, musical form, and harmony, and his association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late Romantic period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann. In 1835 he obtained French citizenship. After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska, from 1837 to 1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand. A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838–39 was one of his most productive periods of composition. In his last years, he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. Through most of his life, Chopin suffered from poor health. He died in Paris in 1849, probably of tuberculosis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year. Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843. In 1844 he wrote only the Op. 58 sonata. 1845 saw the completion of three mazurkas (Op. 59). Although these works were more refined than many of his earlier compositions, Zamoyski opines that \"his powers of concentration were failing and his inspiration was beset by anguish, both emotional and intellectual.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "The British Library notes that \"Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era.\" The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2. The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings, including some by Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka and many others. A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "The last opus number that Chopin himself used was 65, allocated to the Cello Sonata in G minor. He expressed a deathbed wish that all his unpublished manuscripts be destroyed. At the request of the composer's mother and sisters, however, his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers (Opp. 66–73), published in 1855. In 1857, 17 Polish songs that Chopin wrote at various stages of his life were collected and published as Op. 74, though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Storm (short story)", "paragraph_text": "``The Storm ''is a short story written by the American writer Kate Chopin in 1898. The story takes place during the 19th century somewhere in the South, where storms are frequent and dangerous. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime, but it was published in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969. This story is the sequel to Chopin's`` At the 'Cadian Ball''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "In 1841, Léon Escudier wrote of a recital given by Chopin that year, \"One may say that Chopin is the creator of a school of piano and a school of composition. In truth, nothing equals the lightness, the sweetness with which the composer preludes on the piano; moreover nothing may be compared to his works full of originality, distinction and grace.\" Chopin refused to conform to a standard method of playing and believed that there was no set technique for playing well. His style was based extensively on his use of very independent finger technique. In his Projet de méthode he wrote: \"Everything is a matter of knowing good fingering ... we need no less to use the rest of the hand, the wrist, the forearm and the upper arm.\" He further stated: \"One needs only to study a certain position of the hand in relation to the keys to obtain with ease the most beautiful quality of sound, to know how to play short notes and long notes, and [to attain] unlimited dexterity.\" The consequences of this approach to technique in Chopin's music include the frequent use of the entire range of the keyboard, passages in double octaves and other chord groupings, swiftly repeated notes, the use of grace notes, and the use of contrasting rhythms (four against three, for example) between the hands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films. The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer. Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Roussel, with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin; Impromptu (1991), starring Hugh Grant as Chopin; La note bleue (1991); and Chopin: Desire for Love (2002).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Blue Country Heart", "paragraph_text": "Blue Country Heart is a Jorma Kaukonen studio album released in June, 2002. It was his first album on a major label since 1980's \"Barbeque King\". Kaukonen didn't write any new compositions for the album, and instead played mostly country-blues cover songs.The album features performances by Sam Bush, Jerry Douglas, Byron House and Bela Fleck, and was nominated for a Grammy award in 2003 for \"Best Traditional Folk Album.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for piano six of Chopin's Polish songs. A less fraught friendship was with Alkan, with whom he discussed elements of folk music, and who was deeply affected by Chopin's death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman. The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Storm (short story)", "paragraph_text": "``The Storm ''is a short story written by American writer Kate Chopin in 1898. The setting of the story takes place during the 19th Century somewhere in the south where storms are frequent and dangerous. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime, but it was published in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969. This story is the sequel to Chopin's`` At the 'Cadian Ball''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Philip IV of France", "paragraph_text": "Philip IV (April -- June 1268 -- 29 November 1314), called the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel) or the Iron King (French: le Roi de fer), was King of France from 1285 until his death. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also Philip I, King of Navarre from 1284 to 1305. He also briefly ruled the County of Champagne in right of his wife, although after his accession as king in 1285 the county remained under the sole governance of his wife until her death in 1305, and then fell to their son Louis until Philip's own death in 1314, after which his son acceded to the French throne and the county was finally united to the crown lands of France. Although Philip was known as handsome, his inflexible personality gained him other epithets, from friend and foe alike. His fierce opponent Bernard Saisset, bishop of Pamiers, said of him, ``He is neither man nor beast. He is a statue. ''", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost. All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Night of Hunters", "paragraph_text": "Night of Hunters is the twelfth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Tori Amos, released on September 20, 2011, in the United States through Deutsche Grammophon. It is a concept album that Amos has described as \"a 21st century song cycle inspired by classical music themes spanning over 400 years.\" She pays tribute to classical composers such as Alkan, Bach, Chopin, Debussy, Granados, Satie and Schubert, taking inspiration from their original compositions to create new, independent songs. Regarding the album's concept, she has described it as the exploration of \"the hunter and the hunted and how both exist within us\" through the story of \"a woman who finds herself in the dying embers of a relationship.\"", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 407, "question": "Where did Chopin create the majority of his compositions?", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 56424, "question": "who was the king of #1 in 1306", "answer": "Philip IV", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2", "paragraph_text": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 made its world premiere in Tokyo on April 10, 2017, and its Hollywood premiere on April 19 at the Dolby Theatre. The film began its international release on April 25, in Australia, New Zealand, and Italy, alongside a total of 37 markets in its first weekend, with 176 IMAX screens in 35 of those markets. Its North American release on May 5 took place in 4,347 theaters, of which over 3,800 were in 3D, 388 in IMAX and IMAX 3D, 588 premium large - format, and 194 D - Box locations. The film's opening in China was in 400 IMAX theaters, the largest ever for the country. On May 4, 2017, 550 theaters in the United States had a special RealD Guardians of the Galaxy double feature event before preview screenings of Vol. 2. Guests who attended received an exclusive mini poster and a set of souvenir collectible buttons. Vol. 2 was originally intended to be released on July 28, 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Prior to its UK release, Spectre mostly received positive reviews. Mark Kermode, writing in The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars, observing that the film did not live up to the standard set by Skyfall, but was able to tap into audience expectations. Writing in the same publication, Peter Bradshaw gave the film a full five stars, calling it \"inventive, intelligent and complex\", and singling out Craig's performance as the film's highlight. In another five star review, The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin described Spectre as \"a swaggering show of confidence'\", lauding it as \"a feat of pure cinematic necromancy.\" In an otherwise positive, but overall less enthusiastic review, IGN's Chris Tilly considered Spectre \"solid if unspectacular\", and gave the film a 7.2 score (out of a possible 10), saying that \"the film falls frustratingly short of greatness.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Love's Kitchen", "paragraph_text": "Love's Kitchen (originally titled No Ordinary Trifle) is a 2011 British romantic comedy film directed by James Hacking and starring Dougray Scott, Claire Forlani, Michelle Ryan, and featured celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay in his first acting role. Hacking also wrote the script for the film, and it was the director's first feature-length film. It received a limited theatrical release in the UK, taking £121 on its opening weekend from five screens. It was released direct to DVD in the United States. Film critics gave it mostly negative reviews, and the film received a score of 19% on Rotten Tomatoes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Spectre has received mixed reviews, with many reviewers either giving the film highly positive or highly negative feedback. Many critics praised the film's opening scene, action sequences, stuntwork, cinematography and performances from the cast. In some early reviews, the film received favourable comparisons with its predecessor, Skyfall. Rotten Tomatoes sampled 274 reviews and judged 64% of the critiques to be positive, saying that the film \"nudges Daniel Craig's rebooted Bond closer to the glorious, action-driven spectacle of earlier entries, although it's admittedly reliant on established 007 formula.\" On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 60 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A−\" on an A+ to F scale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), breaking the UK record for highest first-week opening, set by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban's £23.88 million ($36.9 million) in 2004. Its Friday–Saturday gross was £20.4 million ($31.2 million) compared to Skyfall's £20.1 million ($31 million). The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000, a record previously held by The Dark Knight with $100,200. It has grossed a total of $136.3 million there. In the U.K., it surpassed Avatar to become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever with $10.09 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the company's association with the franchise. Only eight of those 10 were used for the film, however; the remaining two were used for promotional work. After modifying the Jaguar C-X75 for the film, Williams F1 carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix, with the team playing host to the cast and crew ahead of the Mexican premiere of the film.To promote the film, the film's marketers continued the trend established during Skyfall's production of releasing still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts. 17 brands appear in the film through product placement, and many of those, such as Heineken, Bollinger, Omega and Sony—owner of the film's co-distributor Columbia Pictures—did Spectre tie-in advertisements.On 13 March 2015, several members of the cast and crew, including Craig, Whishaw, Wilson and Mendes, as well as previous James Bond actor, Sir Roger Moore, appeared in a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day on BBC One. In the sketch, they film a behind-the-scenes mockumentary on the filming of Spectre. The first teaser trailer for Spectre was released worldwide in March 2015, followed by the theatrical trailer in July and the final trailer in October.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Solo: A Star Wars Story", "paragraph_text": "The film had its world premiere in Los Angeles on May 10, 2018, and also screened on May 15 at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, before its United States release on May 25, 2018 in RealD 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D. It received generally favorable reviews from critics, with praise for the cast (particularly Ehrenreich and Glover), visuals and action sequences, although many noted that the film added ``nothing new ''to the Star Wars franchise.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Spider-Man: Homecoming", "paragraph_text": "Spider - Man: Homecoming held its world premiere at the TCL Chinese Theater in Hollywood on June 28, 2017, and was released in the United Kingdom on July 5. It opened in additional international markets on July 6, with 23,400 screens (277 of which were IMAX) in 56 markets for its opening weekend. The film was released in the United States on July 7, in 4,348 theaters (392 were IMAX and IMAX 3D, and 601 were premium large - format), including 3D screenings. It was originally slated for release on July 28.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Avengers: Infinity War", "paragraph_text": "Avengers: Infinity War held its world premiere at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on April 23, 2018, screening also at the adjacent El Capitan Theatre and Grauman's Chinese Theatre. It was released in most countries worldwide, including the United States, on April 27, 2018, with a few debuts beginning as early as April 25, and was shown in IMAX and 3D on select screens. In the United States, the film opened in 4,474 theaters, 408 of which were IMAX; this was the widest release for a Disney title ever and the second - widest ever after Despicable Me 3's 4,529 theaters. Three of AMC Theatres' locations screened the film for 24 hours straight, with 53 of their locations having showtimes at either 2 am or 3 am to accommodate demand. In India, the film had the biggest release ever for a Hollywood film, opening on nearly 2,000 screens in four languages. The film also screened in 515 4DX theaters in 59 countries. It was originally scheduled to be released on May 4, 2018 in the United States. The Chinese release of the film, which opened on May 11, 2018, was originally scheduled to end on June 10, 2018, but was granted a ``rare ''extension of 30 days, to end on July 9, 2018.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "paragraph_text": "The Fate of the Furious had its world premiere in Berlin on April 4, 2017. The film was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX internationally, and received a day - and - date release across major markets such as Australia, the United Kingdom, China, and India, beginning on April 12, 2017. The film was released day - and - date in 1,074 IMAX screens around the world, making it the widest day - and - date opening in IMAX history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2", "paragraph_text": "Mockingjay -- Part 2 was released on November 20, 2015 in the United States, in 2D and IMAX, and internationally in 2D, 3D, RealD Cinema, and IMAX 3D in select territories; it is the only film in the series widely released in 3D. Falling below expectations internationally and domestically with a $102.7 million gross during its opening weekend in North America, the film had the sixth - biggest opening in 2015, but held at number one at the international box office for four consecutive weekends. The film grossed over $653 million worldwide, making it the lowest - grossing of the four films in the franchise, but still a commercial success.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2", "paragraph_text": "Mockingjay -- Part 2 was released on November 20, 2015 in the United States, in 2D and IMAX, and internationally in 2D, 3D, RealD Cinema, and IMAX 3D in select territories; it is the only film in the series widely released in 3D. Falling below expectations internationally and domestically with a $102.7 million gross during its opening weekend in North America, the film had the sixth - biggest opening in 2015, but held at number one at the international box office for four consecutive weekends. The film grossed over $653 million worldwide, making it the ninth highest - grossing film of 2015 and the lowest - grossing of the four films in the franchise, but still a commercial success.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "My Hero Academia: Two Heroes", "paragraph_text": "My Hero Academia: Two Heroes has been licensed by Funimation, who premiered the English dub in Los Angeles on September 15, 2018, and a wider theatrical release in 400 theaters in the United States and Canada from September 25 through October 2, 2018. The film premiered in Australia at Madman Anime Festival Melbourne on September 15, 2018, with a wider release on September 27, 2018 in Australia, and October 17, 2018 in New Zealand. The film premiered in the United Kingdom at Scotland Loves Anime in Glasgow on October 13, 2018, with Manga Entertainment providing a wider theatrical release in both the UK and Ireland on December 4, 2018. The film was also distributed to theaters in Singapore and Indonesia through ODEX, with limited showings on October 6th and October 13th, 2018 respectively; wide releases started on October 11th and October 17th, 2018 in Singapore and Indonesia respectively. The film was licensed by Pioneer Films in the Philippines, with an initial fan screening occurring on October 16th, 2018 and three additional advance screenings on the 20th, following a delayed wider release, originally slated for the 17th. Viz Media Europe acquired the rights to the film for release in regions that speak French, German, and Italian in Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Casino Royale (2006 film)", "paragraph_text": "The film has earned $599,045,960 worldwide. Casino Royale was the 4th highest-grossing film of 2006, and was the highest-grossing instalment of the James Bond series until Skyfall surpassed it in November 2012.Upon its release in the United Kingdom Casino Royale broke series records on both opening day—£1.7 million—and opening weekend—£13,370,969. At the end of its box office run, the film had grossed £55.4 million, making it the most successful film of the year in the UK, and as of 2011, the tenth highest-grossing film of all time in the country.On its US opening day Casino Royale was on top with $14,741,135, and throughout the weekend grossed a total of $40,833,156, placing it second in the ranking behind Happy Feet ($41.5 million). However, Casino Royale was playing in 370 fewer cinemas and had a better average ($11,890 per cinema, against $10,918 for Happy Feet). It earned $167,445,960 by the end of its run in North America, marking what was at the time the highest-grossing film of the series, before being surpassed by Quantum of Solace's $168.4 million.On 18 November 2006 Casino Royale opened at the first position in 27 countries, with a weekend gross of $43,407,886 in the non-UK, Irish, US or Canada markets. The film retained the top spot at the worldwide box office for four weeks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Hunger Games (film)", "paragraph_text": "The film was released on March 21, 2012, in some European countries and in the US on March 23, 2012, in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters. Japan received it last, on September 28. When the film released, it set records for opening day ($67.3 million) and opening weekend for a non-sequel. At the time of its release, the film's opening weekend gross ($152.5 million) was the third - largest of any movie in North America. It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends. The film was a massive box - office success by grossing over $694 million worldwide against its budget of $78 million, making it the third - highest - grossing film in the United States and ninth highest - grossing film of 2012. It was released on DVD and Blu - ray Disc on August 18, 2012. With 7,434,058 units sold, the DVD was the best - selling DVD of 2012. A sequel, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, was released on November 22, 2013, in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Thor: Ragnarok", "paragraph_text": "Thor: Ragnarok had its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on October 10, 2017, and its Australian premiere took place on October 13, on the Gold Coast. It was released in the United Kingdom on October 24, 2017, with additional international releases on October 25, and in Australia on October 26. The film was released in the United States and Canada on November 3, in 4,080 theaters, of which over 3,400 were 3D, 381 were IMAX and IMAX 3D, and 204 were D - Box. The film opened in 1,187 IMAX theaters globally, which was a November opening weekend record. It was originally scheduled for release on July 28, 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "In China, it opened on 12 November and earned $15 million on its opening day, which is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film behind the $18.5 million opening day of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation and occupying 43% of all available screens which included $790,000 in advance night screenings. Through its opening weekend, it earned $48.1 million from 14,700 screens which is 198% ahead of Skyfall, a new record for a Hollywood 2D opening. IMAX contributed $4.6 million on 246 screens, also a new record for a three-day opening for a November release (breaking Interstellar's record). In its second weekend, it added $12.1 million falling precipitously by 75% which is the second worst second weekend drop for any major Hollywood release in China of 2015. It grossed a total of $84.7 million there after four weekends. Albeit a strong opening it failed to attain the $100 million mark as projected.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film)", "paragraph_text": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them held its world premiere at Alice Tully Hall in New York City on 10 November 2016. The film was released worldwide on 18 November 2016, in 2D, 3D and the new IMAX 4K Laser system. It would premiere one day earlier in a number of other countries, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Germany and Italy, on 17 November. The film will be released in a total of 1,028 IMAX screens worldwide (388 screens in the United States and Canada, 347 screens in China, 26 screens in Japan and 267 screens in other countries). This marked the second time -- after Doctor Strange -- that a film secured a release in over 1,000 IMAX screens worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Fate of the Furious", "paragraph_text": "The Fate of the Furious premiered in Berlin on April 4, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D and 4DX internationally. The film received mixed reviews from critics, many of whom praised the action sequences and acting performances but criticized the storyline. The film grossed over $1.2 billion worldwide, making it the thirtieth film (and the second in the franchise, after Furious 7) to gross over $1 billion, the third highest - grossing film of 2017 and the fifteenth highest - grossing film of all time. The film grossed $542 million worldwide during its opening weekend, which is the second highest - grossing worldwide opening of all time behind Avengers: Infinity War (2018). A sequel is scheduled to be released on April 10, 2020.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre. In March 2015 IMAX corporation announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas, following Skyfall's success with the company. In the UK it received a wider release than Skyfall, with a minimum of 647 cinemas including 40 IMAX screens, compared to Skyfall's 587 locations and 21 IMAX screens.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 1317, "question": "Which film had a wider release in the UK, Skyfall or Spectre?", "answer": "Spectre.", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 1327, "question": "How many Imax screens showed #1 on its opening weekend in the US and Canada?", "answer": "374", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ramona Solberg", "paragraph_text": "Ramona Solberg (1921–2005) created large jewellery using found objects; she was an influential teacher at the University of Washington School of Art and often referred to as the \"grandmother of Northwest found-art jewelry\". She was an art instructor in and around Seattle for three decades as well as a prolific jewelry artist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts", "paragraph_text": "The Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts is the visual arts and design degree granting branch of Washington University in St. Louis. The Sam Fox School was created in 2005 by merging the existing Colleges of Art and Architecture; the Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts combines the strengths of these fields into a single collaborative unit offering both undergraduate and graduate programs. The School comprises:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Fred Meyer Jewelers", "paragraph_text": "Fred Meyer Jewelers started in 1973 as a catalog showroom concept by Fred G. Meyer. As the catalog showroom fad started to die down, Fred Meyer was experiencing excellent sales growth in the fine jewelry category. To capitalize on this sales growth, Fred Meyer placed fine jewelry stores in their large multi-department stores and eventually shopping malls throughout the Western United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Francesco Severi", "paragraph_text": "Severi was born in Arezzo, Italy. He is famous for his contributions to algebraic geometry and the theory of functions of several complex variables. He became the effective leader of the Italian school of algebraic geometry. Together with Federigo Enriques, he won the \"Bordin prize\" from the French Academy of Sciences.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Levitated Mass", "paragraph_text": "Levitated Mass is a 2012 large-scale public art sculpture by Michael Heizer at Resnick North Lawn at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The installation consists of a 340-ton boulder sculpture placed above a 456-foot viewing pathway to accommodate 360-degree viewing. The nature, expense and scale of the installation attracted discussion within the public art world, and its notable 106-mile transit from the Jurupa Valley Quarry in Riverside County was widely covered by the media.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Wichita Northeast Magnet High School", "paragraph_text": "Wichita Northeast Magnet High School, known locally as Northeast, is a magnet high school for the Wichita School District and is located in Bel Aire, Kansas, United States. Wichita Northeast Magnet High School was the first magnet high school in Kansas. The magnet areas at Northeast include visual arts, science, and law. Students are also exposed to mathematics and language arts. Since it is a magnet school, there is no district boundary placed by the school district, meaning any high school age student within the Wichita city limits, can attend the school without requiring a special transfer, they still, however, are required to apply for the school, then students are selected at random to attend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "School for Creative and Performing Arts", "paragraph_text": "The School for Creative and Performing Arts (SCPA) is a magnet arts school in Cincinnati in the US state of Ohio, and part of the Cincinnati Public Schools (CPS). SCPA was founded in 1973 as one of the first magnet schools in Cincinnati and became the first school in the country to combine a full range of arts studies with a complete college-preparatory academic program for elementary through high school students. Of the approximately 350 arts schools in the United States, SCPA is one of the oldest and has been cited as a model for both racial integration and for arts programs in over 100 cities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Eleanor Davis", "paragraph_text": "Eleanor Davis was raised in Tucson, Arizona by comic enthusiast parents who exposed her to stories and styles such as \"Little Lulu\", \"Krazy Kat\", \"Little Nemo\" and the \"Kinder Kids\". She attended Kino School, an alternative school in Tucson, from elementary school until she graduated from high school. It wasn't until high school, when she was introduced to the zine/minicomics world of alternative comics by classmates, that she started to draw comics seriously. In high school she began to self-publish her own comic and soon after decided to attend the Savannah College of Art and Design in Georgia to study sequential art. Davis's work began to get noticed for her original handmade die-cuts and coloring but was further helped by her diligent production of minicomics, attending comic conventions, and online presence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Enrique Novi", "paragraph_text": "Enrique Rabinovich Pollack better known as Enrique Novi (born April 21, 1947 in Mexico City, Mexico), is a Mexican actor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "There are a number of business schools in London, including the London School of Business and Finance, Cass Business School (part of City University London), Hult International Business School, ESCP Europe, European Business School London, Imperial College Business School and the London Business School. London is also home to many specialist arts education institutions, including the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts, Central School of Ballet, LAMDA, London College of Contemporary Arts (LCCA), London Contemporary Dance School, National Centre for Circus Arts, RADA, Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance, the Royal College of Art, the Royal College of Music and Trinity Laban.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cadet College Ghora Gali", "paragraph_text": "Cadet College Ghora Gali is an established military preparatory school located in Ghora Gali Murree, Pakistan. The cadet college prepares its students for Pakistani higher education. It largely acts as a preparatory school to the Pakistani Armed Forces and places great emphasis on sports, character development, and academics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Central School of Art and Design", "paragraph_text": "The Central School of Art and Design was a public school of fine and applied arts in London, England. It offered foundation and degree level courses. It was established in 1896 by the London County Council as the Central School of Arts and Crafts. Central became part of the London Institute in 1986, and in 1989 merged with Saint Martin's School of Art to form Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Crosswinds East Metro Arts and Science School", "paragraph_text": "Crosswinds East Metro Arts and Science School is a year-round arts and science magnet school located in Woodbury, Minnesota, United States. Crosswinds focuses on cultural diversity, alternative learning styles, and environmental science as the foundations of its education. It provides academic and artistic opportunities for students from urban and suburban neighborhoods to achieve continuing success in a year-round program. The Perpich Center for Arts Education manages Crosswinds. Crosswinds teaches students from ages 11 to 16 (grades 6 through 10). In the beginning of the 2000s there was large gains for students of color, and with the recent conveyance student achievement has declined significantly according to standardized state testing results.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ilam School of Fine Arts", "paragraph_text": "The School of Fine Arts at the University of Canterbury was founded in 1882 as the Canterbury College School of Art. The school became a full department of the university in the 1950s, and was the first department to move to the suburban Ilam site in 1957, in the Okeover Homestead. Art history was included in 1974, and the Bachelor of Fine Arts degree was introduced in 1982.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Enrique Ballesté", "paragraph_text": "Enrique Ballesté (Mexico City, October 10, 1946 – September 19, 2015) was a Mexican actor, playwright, composer and theatrical producer. Noted for being promoter in the 60s and 70s of the \"teatro independiente\" (independent theater) movement in his country, and formed several generations of actors and actresses. Also founder of the Centro Libre de Experimentación Teatral y Artística (Free Center of Theater and Artistic Experimentation) or CLETA with Luis and Enrique Cisneros Lujan, Ángel Álvarez Quiñones, Claudio Obregón and Luisa Huerta among others, and the theater company \"Zumbón\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Hoërskool Menlopark", "paragraph_text": "Die Hoërskool Menlopark (Menlo Park High School) is a public Afrikaans medium co-educational high school located in Menlo Park, Pretoria, in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Learners are known as \"Parkies\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "University of Kansas", "paragraph_text": "The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses. KU features the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, which includes the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration; and the schools of Architecture, Design & Planning; Business; Education; Engineering; Health Professions; Journalism & Mass Communications; Law; Medicine; Music; Nursing; Pharmacy; and Social Welfare. The university offers more than 345 degree programs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "During the 19th century, an important producer of art was the Academia de San Carlos (San Carlos Art Academy), founded during colonial times, and which later became the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas (the National School of Arts) including painting, sculpture and graphic design, one of UNAM's art schools. Many of the works produced by the students and faculty of that time are now displayed in the Museo Nacional de San Carlos (National Museum of San Carlos). One of the students, José María Velasco, is considered one of the greatest Mexican landscape painters of the 19th century. Porfirio Díaz's regime sponsored arts, especially those that followed the French school. Popular arts in the form of cartoons and illustrations flourished, e.g. those of José Guadalupe Posada and Manuel Manilla. The permanent collection of the San Carlos Museum also includes paintings by European masters such as Rembrandt, Velázquez, Murillo, and Rubens.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "James Butler (artist)", "paragraph_text": "Butler was educated at Maidstone Grammar School and studied art at Saint Martin's School of Art and the Royal College of Art. For 10 years he was a professional stone carver. He taught sculpture and drawing at the City and Guilds of London Art School and was visiting professor to the Royal Academy School. He was first elected to the Royal Academy of Arts in 1964 and is a member of the Royal West of England Academy and fellow of the Royal British Society of Sculptors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Westminster College (Utah)", "paragraph_text": "Westminster College is a private liberal arts college located in the Sugar House neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The college comprises four schools: the School of Arts and Sciences, the Bill and Vieve Gore School of Business, the School of Education, and the School of Nursing and Health Sciences. It is the only accredited liberal arts college in the state of Utah.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 146370, "question": "In what place did Enrique Ballesté die?", "answer": "Mexico City", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 19273, "question": "What is the large art school in #1 ?", "answer": "Academia de San Carlos", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Frederick Denison Maurice", "paragraph_text": "John Frederick Denison Maurice was born in Normanton, Suffolk, on 29 August 1805, the only son of Michael Maurice and his wife, Priscilla. Michael Maurice was the evening preacher in a Unitarian chapel. Deaths in the family brought about changes in the family's \"religious convictions\" and \"vehement disagreement\" between family members. Maurice later wrote about these disagreements and their effect on him:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "David Lee (still photographer)", "paragraph_text": "He is the younger brother of film director Spike Lee, and has done the still photography for all of his older brother's feature films with the exception of \"Get on the Bus\" and \"He Got Game\". Other films he has done still photography for include \"The Preacher's Wife\", \"The Best Man\", \"Pollock\", \"Made\", \"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind\", \"American Gangster\" and the television series \"The Wire\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Spinsters in Jeopardy", "paragraph_text": "Spinsters in Jeopardy is a detective novel by Ngaio Marsh; it is the seventeenth novel to feature Roderick Alleyn, and was first published in 1954. The novel takes place in the countryside of France, where Alleyn is vacationing with Agatha Troy, now his wife, and their son Ricky; it concerns an unusual and sinister plot which is perpetrated against travelling spinsters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "Multibillion US$ heavy-rail transit projects under construction in New York City include the Second Avenue Subway, the East Side Access project, and the 7 Subway Extension.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Saint of Killers", "paragraph_text": "The Saint of Killers first appeared as a heartless murderer, who is transformed into the Angel of Death under the condition that he takes up the role of collecting the souls of those who die by violence. Following his reanimation, Heaven arranged for him to be put into a deep slumber, until he was needed to kill people. The Saint was a primary antagonist in the Preacher series, who is tasked by Heaven to kill protagonist Jesse Custer due to his possession of the entity Genesis. Aside from Ennis and Dillon's Preacher, the Saint was featured in his own four - issue limited series, Preacher: Saint of Killers, which expanded on the Saint's background and motivation, and has appeared briefly in the DC Comics series Hitman, centered on a ``wise - cracking assassin plying his trade in Gotham City '', and is portrayed by Graham McTavish in the television series adaptation of Preacher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "History of the New York City Subway", "paragraph_text": "The first underground line opened on October 27, 1904, almost 35 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line. By the time the first subway opened, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT, later Brooklyn -- Manhattan Transit Corporation, BMT) and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT). Many present lines were built under the Dual Contracts, and after 1913, all lines built for the IRT and most other lines built or improved for the BRT were built by the city and leased to the companies. The first line of the city - owned and operated Independent Subway System (IND) opened in 1932; this system was intended to compete with the private systems and allow some of the elevated railways to be torn down, but kept within the core of the City due to the low amount of startup capital provided to the municipal Board of Transportation, the later MTA, by the state. This required it to be run ``at cost '', necessitating fares up to double the five - cent fare popular at the time.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tremont Street subway", "paragraph_text": "The Tremont Street Subway in Boston's MBTA Subway system is the oldest subway tunnel in North America and the third oldest worldwide to exclusively use electric traction (after the City and South London Railway in 1890, and the Budapest Metro's Line 1 in 1896), opening on September 1, 1897. It was originally built to get streetcar lines off the traffic - clogged streets, instead of as a true rapid transit line. It now forms the central part of the Green Line, connecting Boylston Street to Park Street and Government Center stations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Jared Fogle", "paragraph_text": "Jared Scott Fogle (born August 23, 1977), also known as ``the Subway Guy '', is an American former spokesperson for Subway restaurants and convicted child molester. After his significant weight loss attributed to eating Subway sandwiches, Fogle was made a spokesperson for the company's advertising campaigns from 2000 to 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sam Childers", "paragraph_text": "In 2011, Relativity Media released a biopic about Childers entitled Machine Gun Preacher, which was based on Childers' book Another Man's War. The film was written by Jason Keller and directed by Marc Forster. The cast featured Gerard Butler in the title role, Michelle Monaghan as Childers' wife Lynn, and Michael Shannon as his best friend Donnie.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Thomas Rutherford Bacon", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Rutherford Bacon came from a family of preachers: he was the son of Leonard Bacon and the brother of Leonard Woolsey Bacon, Edward Woolsey Bacon (of New London, Connecticut), and George B. Bacon, all Congregational preachers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Dominican Order", "paragraph_text": "Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages. The order is famed for its intellectual tradition, having produced many leading theologians and philosophers. The Dominican Order is headed by the Master of the Order, who is currently Bruno Cadoré. Members of the order generally carry the letters O.P., standing for Ordinis Praedicatorum, meaning of the Order of Preachers, after their names.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Buckeye, Kansas", "paragraph_text": "Buckeye is a rural unincorporated community in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States. Buckeye was started as a colony/settlement by Universalist preacher Vear P. Wilson. Buckeye colony had nearly two hundred settlers and a church built by 1870.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ilsan Line", "paragraph_text": "Ilsan Line is a subway line operated by Seoul Metropolitan Subway, in Seoul, South Korea. It is part of Seoul Metro's Line 3.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Take Me Out to the Ball Game", "paragraph_text": "Jack Norworth, while riding a subway train, was inspired by a sign that said ``Baseball Today -- Polo Grounds ''. In the song, Katie's beau calls to ask her out to see a show. She accepts the date, but only if her date will take her out to the baseball game. The words were set to music by Albert Von Tilzer. (Norworth and Von Tilzer finally saw their first Major League Baseball games 32 and 20 years later, respectively.) The song was first sung by Norworth's then - wife Nora Bayes and popularized by many other vaudeville acts. It was played at a ballpark for the first known time in 1934, at a high - school game in Los Angeles; it was played later that year during the fourth game of the 1934 World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Preacher's Wife", "paragraph_text": "Rev. Henry Biggs (Courtney B. Vance) is the pastor of a small struggling Baptist church in a poverty - stricken neighborhood of New York City. Membership is declining, Henry is pulled in a hundred directions by his parishioners' needs, and the church's finances are in trouble. Henry is under intense pressure from real estate developer Joe Hamilton (Gregory Hines) to sell the church's property so that Hamilton can build luxury condominiums on the site. Henry has also become neglectful of his wife, Julia (Whitney Houston), and his son, Jeremiah. Julia worries that her marriage is failing. Unsure that he can make a difference in his parishioners' lives and beginning to lose his faith, Henry prays to God for help, which comes in the form of Dudley (Denzel Washington), a witty and debonair angel. Dudley tells Henry that he is an angel sent by God to help him, but Henry is deeply suspicious of Dudley. Julia, however, is instantly charmed by the handsome and unflappable angel.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Whitney Houston", "paragraph_text": "Houston made her screen acting debut in the romantic thriller film The Bodyguard (1992). She recorded seven songs for the film's soundtrack, including \"I Will Always Love You\", which received the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and became the best-selling single by a woman in music history. The soundtrack album received the Grammy Award for Album of the Year and remains the world's best-selling soundtrack album of all time. Houston made other high-profile film appearances, including Waiting to Exhale (1995) and The Preacher's Wife (1996). The theme song \"Exhale (Shoop Shoop)\" became her eleventh and final number-one single on the Hot 100 chart, while The Preacher Wife's soundtrack became the best-selling gospel album in history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Feldafing station", "paragraph_text": "The railway line from Munich to Starnberg was opened in 1854. On 1 July 1865, Feldafing station was opened along with the extension of the line to Weilheim. In 1900 and 1901 platform subway was built at the station. In 1902 the line was duplicated. Since 1972, the station has only been served by Munich S-Bahn trains.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Diamant premetro station", "paragraph_text": "The Diamant premetro station is a station on the Brussels Metro located in the municipality of Schaerbeek in Brussels, Belgium. It was inaugurated on May 2, 1972. The station is a \"premetro\" station. It is thus not used by conventional subway trains, but by Brussels trams. It is one of four subway stations of the so-called Greater Ring axis built in the 1970s, which runs under the greater ring road. This underground station is currently served by tram routes 7 and 25. It offers a connection with bus routes 12, 21, 28, 29 and 79 at ground level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Gayle Haggard", "paragraph_text": "Gayle M. Haggard (born April 8, 1957) is an author, speaker and the wife of American evangelical preacher Ted Haggard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Fukuoka Airport", "paragraph_text": "Fukuoka Airport is the principal airport on the island of Kyushu and is the fourth busiest passenger airport in Japan. As of 2017, the airport is the fourth busiest single-runway airport in the world by passenger traffic (after Mumbai, London–Gatwick and İstanbul-Sabiha Gökçen). The airport is surrounded by residential areas; flights stop at 10 p.m. at the request of local residents and resume operation at 7 a.m. The domestic terminal is connected to the city by the Fukuoka City Subway, and a subway from the airport to the business district takes less than ten minutes. The international terminal is only accessible by road, although there is scheduled bus service to Hakata Station and the Tenjin area. Alternatives to access the Fukuoka area include Saga Airport and Kitakyushu Airport.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 69292, "question": "where did the preacher's wife take place", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 90942, "question": "when were the subways built in #1", "answer": "October 27, 1904", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cotton picker", "paragraph_text": "Cotton picking was originally done by hand. In many societies, like America, slave and serf labor was utilized to pick the cotton, increasing the plantation owner's profit margins (See Trans - Atlantic Slave Trade). The first practical cotton picker was invented over a period of years beginning in the late 1920s by John Daniel Rust (1892 -- 1954) with the later help of his brother Mack Rust. Other inventors had tried designs with a barbed spindle to twist cotton fibers onto the spindle and then pull the cotton from the boll, but these early designs were impractical because the spindle became clogged with cotton. Rust determined that a smooth, moist spindle could be used to strip the fibers from the boll without trapping them in the machinery. In 1933 John Rust received his first patent, and eventually, he and his brother owned forty - seven patents on cotton picking machinery. However, during the Great Depression it was difficult to obtain financing to develop their inventions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Historically, in North America, one of the most economically destructive pests in cotton production has been the boll weevil. Due to the US Department of Agriculture's highly successful Boll Weevil Eradication Program (BWEP), this pest has been eliminated from cotton in most of the United States. This program, along with the introduction of genetically engineered Bt cotton (which contains a bacterial gene that codes for a plant-produced protein that is toxic to a number of pests such as cotton bollworm and pink bollworm), has allowed a reduction in the use of synthetic insecticides.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain provided a great boost to cotton manufacture, as textiles emerged as Britain's leading export. In 1738, Lewis Paul and John Wyatt, of Birmingham, England, patented the roller spinning machine, as well as the flyer-and-bobbin system for drawing cotton to a more even thickness using two sets of rollers that traveled at different speeds. Later, the invention of the James Hargreaves' spinning jenny in 1764, Richard Arkwright's spinning frame in 1769 and Samuel Crompton's spinning mule in 1775 enabled British spinners to produce cotton yarn at much higher rates. From the late 18th century on, the British city of Manchester acquired the nickname \"Cottonopolis\" due to the cotton industry's omnipresence within the city, and Manchester's role as the heart of the global cotton trade.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cotton production in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Texas produces more cotton than any other state in the United States. With eight production regions around Texas, and only four geographic regions, it is the state's leading cash crop. Texas produces approximately 25% of the country's cotton crop on more than 6 million acres, the equivalent of over 9,000 square miles (23,000 km) of cotton fields. Texas Cotton Producers includes nine certified cotton grower organizations; it addresses national and statewide cotton grower issues, such as the national farm bill and environmental legislation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Great Wall of China", "paragraph_text": "The Great Wall stretches from Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi). This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi). Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Engineering achievements of the revolution ranged from electrification to developments in materials science. The advancements made a great contribution to the quality of life. In the first revolution, Lewis Paul was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinning cotton in a cotton mill. Matthew Boulton and James Watt's improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant. Because Herodotus had written in his Histories, Book III, 106, that in India trees grew in the wild producing wool, it was assumed that the plant was a tree, rather than a shrub. This aspect is retained in the name for cotton in several Germanic languages, such as German Baumwolle, which translates as \"tree wool\" (Baum means \"tree\"; Wolle means \"wool\"). Noting its similarities to wool, people in the region could only imagine that cotton must be produced by plant-borne sheep. John Mandeville, writing in 1350, stated as fact the now-preposterous belief: \"There grew there [India] a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on the endes of its branches. These branches were so pliable that they bent down to allow the lambs to feed when they are hungrie [sic].\" (See Vegetable Lamb of Tartary.) By the end of the 16th century, cotton was cultivated throughout the warmer regions in Asia and the Americas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Current estimates for world production are about 25 million tonnes or 110 million bales annually, accounting for 2.5% of the world's arable land. China is the world's largest producer of cotton, but most of this is used domestically. The United States has been the largest exporter for many years. In the United States, cotton is usually measured in bales, which measure approximately 0.48 cubic meters (17 cubic feet) and weigh 226.8 kilograms (500 pounds).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "History of Jerusalem", "paragraph_text": "In 66 CE, the Jewish population rebelled against the Roman Empire in what is now known as the First Jewish -- Roman War or Great Revolt. Roman legions under future emperor Titus reconquered and subsequently destroyed much of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Also the Second Temple was burnt and all that remained was the great external (retaining) walls supporting the esplanade on which the Temple had stood, a portion of which has become known as the Western Wall. Titus' victory is commemorated by the Arch of Titus in Rome. Agrippa II died c. 94 CE, which brought the Herodian dynasty to an end almost thirty years after the destruction of the Second Temple. After the end of this revolt, Jews continued to live in Jerusalem in significant numbers, and were allowed to practice their religion, only if they paid the Jewish Tax.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Worldwide prosperity changed dramatically with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 served to punctuate the end of the previous era, as The Great Depression set in. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries. It was the largest and most important economic depression in the 20th century, and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can fall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Calico Acts", "paragraph_text": "The Calico Acts (1700, 1721) banned the import of most cotton textiles into England, followed by the restriction of sale of most cotton textiles. It was a form of economic protectionism, largely in response to India (particularly Bengal), which dominated world cotton textile markets at the time. The Acts were a precursor to the Industrial Revolution, when Britain eventually surpassed India as the world's leading textile manufacturer in the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "A Cotton Office in New Orleans", "paragraph_text": "A Cotton Office in New Orleans is an 1873 oil painting by Edgar Degas. In it, Degas depicts his uncle Michel Musson's cotton brokerage business (which several years later went bankrupt in an economic crash, according to Michael McMahon of the \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" when the firm was swamped by the postwar growth of the much larger Cotton Exchange). In the painting, Musson is seen examining raw cotton for its quality while Degas' brother Rene reads \"The Daily Picayune\". Another brother, Achille, rests against a window wall at left while others, including Musson's partners, go about their business.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Production capacity in Britain and the United States was improved by the invention of the cotton gin by the American Eli Whitney in 1793. Before the development of cotton gins, the cotton fibers had to be pulled from the seeds tediously by hand. By the late 1700s a number of crude ginning machines had been developed. However, to produce a bale of cotton required over 600 hours of human labor, making large-scale production uneconomical in the United States, even with the use of humans as slave labor. The gin that Whitney manufactured (the Holmes design) reduced the hours down to just a dozen or so per bale. Although Whitney patented his own design for a cotton gin, he manufactured a prior design from Henry Odgen Holmes, for which Holmes filed a patent in 1796. Improving technology and increasing control of world markets allowed British traders to develop a commercial chain in which raw cotton fibers were (at first) purchased from colonial plantations, processed into cotton cloth in the mills of Lancashire, and then exported on British ships to captive colonial markets in West Africa, India, and China (via Shanghai and Hong Kong).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the French market. Mohamed Ali Pasha accepted the proposition and granted himself the monopoly on the sale and export of cotton in Egypt; and later dictated cotton should be grown in preference to other crops. By the time of the American Civil war annual exports had reached $16 million (120,000 bales), which rose to $56 million by 1864, primarily due to the loss of the Confederate supply on the world market. Exports continued to grow even after the reintroduction of US cotton, produced now by a paid workforce, and Egyptian exports reached 1.2 million bales a year by 1903.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Great Wall of China", "paragraph_text": "Great Wall of China 萬里長城 The Great Wall of China at Jinshanling Map of all the wall constructions General information Type Fortification Country China Coordinates 40 ° 41 ′ N 117 ° 14 ′ E  /  40.68 ° N 117.23 ° E  / 40.68; 117.23 Coordinates: 40 ° 41 ′ N 117 ° 14 ′ E  /  40.68 ° N 117.23 ° E  / 40.68; 117.23 Technical details Size 21,196 km (13,171 mi) UNESCO World Heritage Site Criteria Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) Reference 438 Inscription 1987 (11th Session) (edit on Wikidata)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cotton", "paragraph_text": "GM cotton acreage in India grew at a rapid rate, increasing from 50,000 hectares in 2002 to 10.6 million hectares in 2011. The total cotton area in India was 12.1 million hectares in 2011, so GM cotton was grown on 88% of the cotton area. This made India the country with the largest area of GM cotton in the world. A long-term study on the economic impacts of Bt cotton in India, published in the Journal PNAS in 2012, showed that Bt cotton has increased yields, profits, and living standards of smallholder farmers. The U.S. GM cotton crop was 4.0 million hectares in 2011 the second largest area in the world, the Chinese GM cotton crop was third largest by area with 3.9 million hectares and Pakistan had the fourth largest GM cotton crop area of 2.6 million hectares in 2011. The initial introduction of GM cotton proved to be a success in Australia – the yields were equivalent to the non-transgenic varieties and the crop used much less pesticide to produce (85% reduction). The subsequent introduction of a second variety of GM cotton led to increases in GM cotton production until 95% of the Australian cotton crop was GM in 2009 making Australia the country with the fifth largest GM cotton crop in the world. Other GM cotton growing countries in 2011 were Argentina, Myanmar, Burkina Faso, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, South Africa and Costa Rica.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Great Wall of China", "paragraph_text": "The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east - to - west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built in 220 -- 206 BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. The Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced over various dynasties; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368 -- 1644).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Great Wall of China", "paragraph_text": "The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east - to - west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built in 220 -- 206 BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. The Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced over various dynasties; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368 -- 1644).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cotton gin", "paragraph_text": "The invention of the cotton gin caused massive growth in the production of cotton in the United States, concentrated mostly in the South. Cotton production expanded from 750,000 bales in 1830 to 2.85 million bales in 1850. As a result, the region became even more dependent on plantations and slavery, with plantation agriculture becoming the largest sector of its economy. While it took a single slave about ten hours to separate a single pound of fiber from the seeds, a team of two or three slaves using a cotton gin could produce around fifty pounds of cotton in just one day. The number of slaves rose in concert with the increase in cotton production, increasing from around 700,000 in 1790 to around 3.2 million in 1850. By 1860, black slave labor from the American South was providing two - thirds of the world's supply of cotton, and up to 80% of the crucial British market. The cotton gin thus ``transformed cotton as a crop and the American South into the globe's first agricultural powerhouse ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Great Day of His Wrath", "paragraph_text": "The End of the World, commonly known as The Great Day of His Wrath, is an 1851–1853 oil painting on canvas by the English painter John Martin.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 58624, "question": "who produces the most cotton in the world", "answer": "China", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 91941, "question": "where does the great wall of #1 end", "answer": "Lop Lake in the west", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mount Chilalo", "paragraph_text": "Mount Chilalo is an isolated, extinct silicic volcanic mountain in southeastern Ethiopia. The highest point in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, and located on the border between the Hitosa and Tiyo woreda, this mountain has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of above sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Foldsjøen", "paragraph_text": "Foldsjøen is a reservoir located on the border of Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag counties in Norway. It is located in the municipalities of Surnadal and Rindal. The lake is dammed from the Folda River and the water is used in the Trollheim power station. Slightly more elevated and directly to the south is the Gråsjøen reservoir, which is also behind a hydro-power dam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Hill, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Hill is a town in Price County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 364 at the 2000 census. Timms Hill, the highest point in Wisconsin, is located in the town of Hill.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "Paris in its early history had only the Seine and Bièvre rivers for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new aqueducts that brought water from locations all around the city to several reservoirs built atop the Capital's highest points of elevation. From then on, the new reservoir system became Paris' principal source of drinking water, and the remains of the old system, pumped into lower levels of the same reservoirs, were from then on used for the cleaning of Paris' streets. This system is still a major part of Paris' modern water-supply network. Today Paris has more than 2,400 km (1,491 mi) of underground passageways dedicated to the evacuation of Paris' liquid wastes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Gridley Mountain", "paragraph_text": "Gridley Mountain, , is the third highest elevation in the state of Connecticut. The mountain, part of the Taconic Range, has no official trail and is located on private property. The Mount Washington Road passes the mountain from the west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mount Nyiragongo", "paragraph_text": "Mount Nyiragongo An aerial view of volcanic peak Highest point Elevation 3,470 m (11,380 ft) Coordinates 1 ° 31 ′ S 29 ° 15 ′ E  /  1.517 ° S 29.250 ° E  / - 1.517; 29.250 Coordinates: 1 ° 31 ′ S 29 ° 15 ′ E  /  1.517 ° S 29.250 ° E  / - 1.517; 29.250 Geography Mount Nyiragongo Democratic Republic of the Congo Parent range Virunga Mountains Geology Mountain type Stratovolcano Last eruption 2002 to 2015", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Boiceville station", "paragraph_text": "Boiceville Railroad Station was built by the Ulster and Delaware Railroad to serve the community of Boiceville, New York. Located at MP 21.3, Boiceville was the westernmost depot to be removed as a result of the construction of the Ashokan Reservoir. Although the community of Boiceville was submerged, the station site remains above the reservoir level, at a point just west of where the old railroad right of way slips under the waters of the reservoir, and just east of where it diverges from the new line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Abul Kasim (mountain)", "paragraph_text": "Abul Kasim is a mountain in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, this mountain has an elevation of above sea level. It is the highest point in Seru woreda.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Dalhousie Mountain", "paragraph_text": "Dalhousie Mountain is a Canadian peak in the Cobequid Mountains and the highest elevation point in Pictou County, Nova Scotia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Tellico Blockhouse", "paragraph_text": "The Tellico Blockhouse was an early American outpost located along the Little Tennessee River in Vonore, Monroe County, Tennessee. Completed in 1794, the blockhouse operated until 1807 with the purpose of keeping the peace between nearby Overhill Cherokee towns and early Euro-American settlers in the area in the wake of the Cherokee–American wars. The Tellico Blockhouse was the site where several treaties were negotiated in which the Cherokee were induced to cede large portions of land in Tennessee and Georgia. During this period, the blockhouse was the site of official liaisons between the United States government and the Cherokee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Table Mountain (Kings County, California)", "paragraph_text": "Table Mountain is a mountain located in the Diablo Range in California on the boundary between Kings and Monterey counties. It rises to an elevation of and is the highest point in Kings County. A large 500 kV power line, connected to Path 15, runs to the north of the summit. A little snow falls on the mountain during the winter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Franz Josef Land", "paragraph_text": "Eighty-five percent of the archipelago is glaciated, with large unglaciated areas being located on the largest islands and many of the smallest islands. The islands have a combined coastline of 4,425 kilometers (2,750 mi). Compared to other Arctic archipelagos, Franz Josef Land has a high dissection rate of 3.6 square kilometers per coastline kilometer. Cape Fligely on Rudolf Island is the northernmost point of the Eastern Hemisphere. The highest elevations are found in the eastern group, with the highest point located on Wiener Neustadt Land, 670 meters (2,200 ft) above mean sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Chasseral Ouest", "paragraph_text": "The Chasseral Ouest is a prominence west of the Chasseral, in the Jura Mountains. It is located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Neuchâtel and Bern. The Chasseral Ouest reaches an elevation of 1,552 metres above sea level and is the highest point of the canton of Neuchâtel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Tellico Reservoir", "paragraph_text": "Tellico Reservoir, also known as Tellico Lake, is a reservoir in Tennessee, created by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 1979 upon the completion of Tellico Dam. The dam impounds the Little Tennessee River and the lower Tellico River. While TVA is careful to refer to its artificial lakes as reservoirs (such as \"Tellico Reservoir\"), common usage tends to refer to the reservoir as \"Tellico Lake\". The lake is approximately 16,000 acres in surface area and provides 357 miles of shoreline.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Sandy Point 221", "paragraph_text": "Sandy Point 221 is an Indian reserve in Alberta. It is located northeast of Fort McMurray. It is at an elevation of .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Galápagos Islands", "paragraph_text": "Galápagos Islands Geography Location Pacific Ocean Coordinates 0 ° 40 ′ S 90 ° 33 ′ W  /  0.667 ° S 90.550 ° W  / - 0.667; - 90.550 Coordinates: 0 ° 40 ′ S 90 ° 33 ′ W  /  0.667 ° S 90.550 ° W  / - 0.667; - 90.550 Total islands 21 Major islands 18 Area 7,880 km (3,040 sq mi) Highest elevation 1,707 m (5,600 ft) Highest point Volcán Wolf Administration Ecuador Province Galápagos Capital city Puerto Baquerizo Moreno Demographics Population 26,640 (2012) Pop. density 3 / km (8 / sq mi) Additional information Time zone GALT (UTC - 6) UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name Galápagos Islands Type Natural Criteria vii, viii, ix, x Designated 1978 (2nd session) Reference no. Region Latin America and the Caribbean Extension 2001 and 2003 Endangered 2007 -- 2010", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bora Bora", "paragraph_text": "Bora not Bora Bora Bora and its lagoon seen from the International Space Station Geography Coordinates 16 ° 30 ′ 04 ''S 151 ° 44 ′ 24'' W  /  16.501 ° S 151.740 ° W  / - 16.501; - 151.740 Coordinates: 16 ° 30 ′ 04 ''S 151 ° 44 ′ 24'' W  /  16.501 ° S 151.740 ° W  / - 16.501; - 151.740 Archipelago Society Islands Area 30.55 km (11.80 sq mi) Highest elevation 727 m (2,385 ft) Highest point Mount Otemanu Administration France Overseas collectivity French Polynesia Administrative subdivision Leeward Islands Commune Bora Bora Largest settlement Vaitape Demographics Population 10,605 (2017) Pop. density 347 / km (899 / sq mi)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Monte Solaro", "paragraph_text": "Monte Solaro is a mountain on the island of Capri in Campania, Italy. With an elevation of 589 m, its peak is the highest point of Capri.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mount Stephenson", "paragraph_text": "Mount Stephenson a mountain in Antarctica. It is located within the central portion of the Douglas Range, standing at the heads of Toynbee Glacier and Sedgwick Glacier 8 miles west of George VI Sound, near the east coast of Alexander Island within the British Antarctic Territory. At an elevation of , Mount Stephenson is the highest mountain in the Douglas Range and the highest point on Alexander Island. Mount Egbert ranks second, standing at 2,895 m and lies south-southeast of Mount Stephenson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Seetalhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Seetalhorn is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking Grächen in the canton of Valais. With an elevation of 3,037 m, it is the highest point of the ski area of Grächen.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129629, "question": "In which state is Tellico Reservoir located?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 31248, "question": "What is the elevation of #1 's highest point?", "answer": "6,643 feet", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Human Development Index", "paragraph_text": "A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent \"low development\". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the \"medium development\" group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Nyasaland", "paragraph_text": "Nyasaland () was a British Protectorate located in Africa that was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name. Between 1953 and 1963, Nyasaland was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. After the Federation was dissolved, Nyasaland became independent from Britain on 6 July 1964 and was renamed Malawi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ursula's sunbird", "paragraph_text": "Ursula's sunbird (\"Cinnyris ursulae\") is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is found in western Cameroon and Bioko island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "History of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "In 1914, the area was formally united as the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Administratively, Nigeria remained divided into the Northern and Southern Provinces and Lagos Colony. Western education and the development of a modern economy proceeded more rapidly in the south than in the north, with consequences felt in Nigeria's political life ever since. Following World War II, in response to the growth of Nigerian nationalism and demands for independence, successive constitutions legislated by the British Government moved Nigeria toward self - government on a representative and increasingly federal basis. On 1 October 1954, the colony became the autonomous Federation of Nigeria. By the middle of the 20th century, the great wave for independence was sweeping across Africa. On 27 October 1958 Britain agreed that Nigeria would become an independent state on 1 October 1960.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Eswatini", "paragraph_text": "At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west, Swaziland is one of the smallest countries in Africa. Despite its size, however, its climate and topography is diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld. The population is primarily ethnic Swazis whose language is siSwati. They established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881. After the Anglo-Boer War, Swaziland was a British protectorate from 1903 until 1967. It regained its independence on 6 September 1968.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Pemba sunbird", "paragraph_text": "The Pemba sunbird (\"Cinnyris pembae\") is a species of bird in the sunbird family. It is endemic to Pemba Island, in Tanzania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "Britain's fears of war with Germany were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war on Germany's side, were secretly drawn up by Britain and France under the 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement. This agreement was not divulged to the Sharif of Mecca, who the British had been encouraging to launch an Arab revolt against their Ottoman rulers, giving the impression that Britain was supporting the creation of an independent Arab state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "BRICS", "paragraph_text": "In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year. South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being formally invited by China to join and subsequently accepted by other BRIC countries. The group was renamed BRICS – with the \"S\" standing for South Africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership. In April 2011, the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, attended the 2011 BRICS summit in Sanya, China, as a full member.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sunbird", "paragraph_text": "Sunbirds are a tropical Old World family, with representatives in Africa, Asia and Australasia. In Africa they are found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar but are also distributed in Egypt. In Asia the group occurs along the coasts of the Red Sea as far north as Israel, with a gap in their distribution till Iran, from where the group occurs continuously as far as southern China and Indonesia. In Australasia the family occurs in New Guinea, north eastern Australia and the Solomon Islands. They are generally not found on oceanic islands, with the exception of the Seychelles. The greatest variety of species is found in Africa, where the group probably arose. Most species are sedentary or short-distance seasonal migrants. Sunbirds occur over the entire family's range, whereas the spiderhunters are restricted to Asia.The sunbirds and spiderhunters occupy a wide range of habitats, with a majority of species being found in primary rainforest, but other habitats used by the family including disturbed secondary forest, open woodland, open scrub and savannah, coastal scrub and alpine forest. Some species have readily adapted to human modified landscapes such as plantations, gardens and agricultural land. Many species are able to occupy a wide range of habitats from sea level to 4900 m.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "In 1989, during the \"Singing Revolution\", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independence. The Estonian Sovereignty Declaration was issued on 16 November 1988. On 20 August 1991, Estonia declared formal independence during the Soviet military coup attempt in Moscow, reconstituting the pre-1940 state. The Soviet Union recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September 1991. The first country to diplomatically recognise Estonia's reclaimed independence was Iceland. The last units of the Russian army left on 31 August 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "United States Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. These states would found a new nation -- the United States of America. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was passed on July 2 with no opposing vote cast. A committee of five had already drafted the formal declaration, to be ready when Congress voted on independence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792 -- 1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century. Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica (``British Peace ''), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815 -- 1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the`` workshop of the world''. The British Empire expanded to include most of India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its own colonies, its dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Newton's sunbird", "paragraph_text": "The Newton's sunbird (\"Anabathmis newtonii\") is a species of bird in the Nectariniidae family. It is endemic to the island of São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe. It is one of the smallest sunbirds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Dutch East India Company had founded the Cape Colony on the southern tip of Africa in 1652 as a way station for its ships travelling to and from its colonies in the East Indies. Britain formally acquired the colony, and its large Afrikaner (or Boer) population in 1806, having occupied it in 1795 to prevent its falling into French hands, following the invasion of the Netherlands by France. British immigration began to rise after 1820, and pushed thousands of Boers, resentful of British rule, northwards to found their own—mostly short-lived—independent republics, during the Great Trek of the late 1830s and early 1840s. In the process the Voortrekkers clashed repeatedly with the British, who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa and with several African polities, including those of the Sotho and the Zulu nations. Eventually the Boers established two republics which had a longer lifespan: the South African Republic or Transvaal Republic (1852–77; 1881–1902) and the Orange Free State (1854–1902). In 1902 Britain occupied both republics, concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War (1899–1902).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "The ability of the Dominions to set their own foreign policy, independent of Britain, was recognised at the 1923 Imperial Conference. Britain's request for military assistance from the Dominions at the outbreak of the Chanak Crisis the previous year had been turned down by Canada and South Africa, and Canada had refused to be bound by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. After pressure from Ireland and South Africa, the 1926 Imperial Conference issued the Balfour Declaration, declaring the Dominions to be \"autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another\" within a \"British Commonwealth of Nations\". This declaration was given legal substance under the 1931 Statute of Westminster. The parliaments of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, the Irish Free State and Newfoundland were now independent of British legislative control, they could nullify British laws and Britain could no longer pass laws for them without their consent. Newfoundland reverted to colonial status in 1933, suffering from financial difficulties during the Great Depression. Ireland distanced itself further from Britain with the introduction of a new constitution in 1937, making it a republic in all but name.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Near East", "paragraph_text": "The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under \"North Africa.\" Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "The 1960s and 1970s saw an acceleration in the decolonisation of Africa and the Caribbean. Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government. In 1965, however, the Rhodesian Prime Minister, Ian Smith, in opposition to moves toward majority rule, declared unilateral independence from Britain while still expressing \"loyalty and devotion\" to Elizabeth. Although the Queen dismissed him in a formal declaration, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade. As Britain's ties to its former empire weakened, the British government sought entry to the European Community, a goal it achieved in 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Texas Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. It was adopted at the Convention of 1836 at Washington - on - the - Brazos on March 2, 1836, and formally signed the following day after mistakes were noted in the text.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Walvis Bay", "paragraph_text": "In August 1993, prior to the end of apartheid, the Multiparty Negotiating Forum in South Africa passed a resolution calling for ``the incorporation - reintegration of Walvis Bay and the Off - Shore Islands into Namibia. ''The Transfer of Walvis Bay to Namibia Act was passed by the Parliament of South Africa that year. Following the signing of a treaty between the two countries, South Africa formally transferred sovereignty of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands to Namibia on 1 March 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the white minority resulted in a civil war that lasted until the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, which set the terms for recognised independence in 1980, as the new nation of Zimbabwe.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158847, "question": "What country other than Africa can Sunbirds be located?", "answer": "Egypt", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 20618, "question": "When did #1 regain formal independence from Britain?", "answer": "1922", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "History of the United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The United States Air Force became a separate military service on 18 September 1947 with the implementation of the National Security Act of 1947. The Act created the National Military Establishment, later renamed the United States Department of Defense, which was composed of four of the five branches, the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and a newly created Air Force. Prior to 1947, the responsibility for military aviation was divided between the Army for land - based operations and the Navy and Marine Corps for sea - based operations from aircraft carrier and amphibious aircraft. The Army created the first antecedent of the Air Force on 1 August 1907, which through a succession of changes of organization, titles, and missions advanced toward eventual separation 40 years later. The predecessor organizations leading up to today's U.S. Air Force are:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Lend-Lease", "paragraph_text": "The lend - lease policy, formally titled ``An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States '', (Pub. L. 77 -- 11, H.R. 1776, 55 Stat. 31, enacted March 11, 1941) was a program by which the United States supplied Free France, the United Kingdom, the Republic of China, and later the Soviet Union and other Allied nations with food, oil, and materiel between 1941 and August 1945. This included warships and warplanes, along with other weaponry. The policy was signed into law on March 11, 1941 and ended during September 1945. The aid was free for some countries, although some countries were repaying with gold, and some military equipment were required to be returned after the war. In return for the aid, the U.S. was given leases on army and naval bases in Allied territory during the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, contributes to promoting security and is also an integral part of this mission. Moreover, different deterrence strategies are required to deter various adversaries, whether they are a nation state, or non-state/transnational actor. The Air Force maintains and presents credible deterrent capabilities through successful visible demonstrations and exercises which assure allies, dissuade proliferation, deter potential adversaries from actions that threaten US national security or the populations and deployed military forces of the US, its allies and friends.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "428th Field Artillery Brigade", "paragraph_text": "The 428th Field Artillery Brigade is a training unit under the United States Field Artillery School, a formation under TRADOC. The brigade trains all officers and enlisted personnel from the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps as well as allied nation military personnel in field artillery core competencies in order to provide proficient integrators of lethal and non-lethal fires to the operational force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Allied Command Europe Mobile Force", "paragraph_text": "The Allied Command Europe Mobile Force was a small NATO quick reaction force, headquartered at Heidelberg, Germany, active from 1960 to 2002. It formed part of Allied Command Europe (ACE), headquartered at SHAPE at Casteau, Belgium. The land component of the force, consisting of a brigade-sized formation of about 5,000 personnel, was composed of units from 14 NATO states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "The military of Estonia is based upon the Estonian Defence Forces (Estonian: Kaitsevägi), which is the name of the unified armed forces of the republic with Maavägi (Army), Merevägi (Navy), Õhuvägi (Air Force) and a paramilitary national guard organisation Kaitseliit (Defence League). The Estonian National Defence Policy aim is to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state, the integrity of its land, territorial waters, airspace and its constitutional order. Current strategic goals are to defend the country's interests, develop the armed forces for interoperability with other NATO and EU member forces, and participation in NATO missions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Military history of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "United States Department of War", "paragraph_text": "The War Department existed from August 7, 1789 until September 18, 1947, when it split into Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force and joined the Department of the Navy as part of the new joint National Military Establishment (NME), renamed the United States Department of Defense in 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "National Cadet Corps (India)", "paragraph_text": "The National Cadet Corps is the Indian military cadet corps with its Headquarters at New Delhi, Delhi, India. It is open to school and college students on voluntary basis. National Cadet Corps is a Tri-Services Organization, comprising the Army, Navy and Air Force, engaged in grooming the youth of the country into disciplined and patriotic citizens. The National Cadet Corps in India is a voluntary organization which recruits cadets from high schools, colleges and universities all over India. The Cadets are given basic military training in small arms and parades. The officers and cadets have no liability for active military service once they complete their course but are given preference over normal candidates during selections based on the achievements in the corps.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "War on Terror", "paragraph_text": "In 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1624 concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws. Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports. In the same year, the United States Department of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a planning document, by the name \"National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism\", which stated that it constituted the \"comprehensive military plan to prosecute the Global War on Terror for the Armed Forces of the United States...including the findings and recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and a rigorous examination with the Department of Defense\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "United States Department of the Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The Department of the Air Force (DAF) is one of the three Military Departments within the Department of Defense of the United States of America. The Department of the Air Force was formed on September 18, 1947, per the National Security Act of 1947 and it includes all elements and units of the United States Air Force (USAF).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "United Nations Protection Force", "paragraph_text": "The United Nations Protection Force (French: \"Force de Protection des Nations Unies\"; UNPROFOR, also known by its French acronym FORPRONU), was the first United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars. The force was formed in February 1992 and its mandate ended in March 1995, with the peacekeeping mission restructuring into three other forces (the United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) in Macedonia, and the United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia (UNCRO) in Croatia, with restructured UNPROFOR operations ongoing in Bosnia and Herzegovina until their replacement by NATO and EU missions in December 1995).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "United States Army", "paragraph_text": "As a uniformed military service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is \"to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders.\" The service participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U.S. military to be formed, and is the largest and one of the world's most technologically advanced air forces. The USAF articulates its core functions as Nuclear Deterrence Operations, Special Operations, Air Superiority, Global Integrated ISR, Space Superiority, Command and Control, Cyberspace Superiority, Personnel Recovery, Global Precision Attack, Building Partnerships, Rapid Global Mobility and Agile Combat Support.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Republic of China Military Police", "paragraph_text": "The Republic of China Military Police (ROCMP; ) is a military police body under the Ministry of National Defense of Taiwan (Republic of China). Unlike military police in many other countries, ROCMP is a separate branch of the ROC Armed Forces. ROCMP is responsible for protecting government leaders from assassination or capture, guarding Taiwan’s strategic facilities, and counterintelligence against enemy infiltrators, spies, and saboteurs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The major Allied participants were the United States, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom (including the armed forces of British India, the Fiji Islands, Samoa, etc.), Australia, the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Netherlands (as the possessor of the Dutch East Indies and the western part of New Guinea), New Zealand, and Canada, all of whom were members of the Pacific War Council. Mexico, Free France and many other countries also took part, especially forces from other British colonies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "National Personnel Records Center fire", "paragraph_text": "The National Personnel Records Center fire of 1973, also referred to as the 1973 National Archives fire, was a fire that occurred at the Military Personnel Records Center (MPRC - part of the National Personnel Records Center) in Overland, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis, on July 12, 1973, striking a severe blow to the National Archives and Records Administration of the United States. MPRC, the custodian of military service records, lost approximately 16–18 million official military personnel records as a result of the fire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Theron S. Copeland", "paragraph_text": "Theron S. Copeland (July 30, 1831 – July 8, 1905) was an American law enforcement officer and police captain with the New York City Police Department. He studied military tactics at a military academy and in the National Guard before joining the police force in 1855. Much of his career was spent as a drillmaster and, during the New York Draft Riots in 1863, he was part of the force under Inspector Daniel C. Carpenter who confronted a mob intending to loot the New York financial district and the United States sub-treasury. Copeland was later named in a general address to the police force for displaying \"\"valor and intelligent service\"\" during the riots.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "United States National Guard", "paragraph_text": "National Guard of the United States Active English colonial government militias: since December 13, 1636 As ``National Guard '': since 1824 in New York, since 1903 nationwide Dual state - federal reserve forces: since 1933 Country United States Allegiance Federal (10 U.S.C. § E) State and territorial (32 U.S.C.) Branch United States Army United States Air Force Role Reserve component of the U.S. Armed Forces Militia of the United States Size 450,100 Part of National Guard Bureau Garrison / HQ All 50 U.S. states, and organized U.S. territories, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia Nickname (s)`` Air Guard'' ``Army Guard ''Motto (s)`` Always Ready, Always There!'' Commanders Chief of the National Guard Bureau General Joseph L. Lengyel, USAF Insignia Seal of the Army National Guard Seal of the Air National Guard", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Invasion of Kuwait", "paragraph_text": "The Invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 was a two - day operation conducted by Iraq against the neighboring state of Kuwait, which resulted in the seven - month - long Iraqi occupation of the country. This invasion and Iraq's subsequent refusal to withdraw from Kuwait by a deadline mandated by the United Nations led to military intervention by a United Nations - authorized coalition of forces led by the United States. These events came to be known as the first Gulf War and resulted in the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait and the Iraqis setting 600 Kuwaiti oil wells on fire during their retreat.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106929, "question": "Which was the country for Gukhwappang?", "answer": "Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 46674, "question": "which nation was not part of the united nations allied military force in #1", "answer": "North Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Tika Sumpter", "paragraph_text": "Tika Sumpter (born Euphemia L. Sumpter; June 20, 1980) is an American actress, producer, television host, and model. Sumpter began her career as host of the N network reality series, Best Friend's Date (2004 -- 2005), and in 2005 landed the role of Layla Williamson in the ABC daytime soap opera, One Life to Live where she starred regularly through 2010. In the same year, Sumpter made her movie debut in her leading female role in the musical drama Stomp the Yard: Homecoming. She later had recurring roles as Raina Thorpe in The CW teen drama Gossip Girl, and as Jenna Rice in the BET sitcom The Game.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "SoundGirl", "paragraph_text": "Beardshaw and Shortland were friends and school classmates in London that sang together before another girl from their neighbourhood, Redmond, joined them to form SoundGirl. A management company, Angelic Union, held auditions for a girl band project in a dance studio. The three girls went, wrote a song in ten minutes, and sang it for Angelic Union, who reportedly signed them on the spot.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "La liceale al mare con l'amica di papà", "paragraph_text": "La liceale al mare con l'amica di papà (\"High School Girl at the Beach with Dad's Friend\") is a 1980 commedia sexy all'italiana film directed by Marino Girolami and starring Renzo Montagnani. Although presented as the latest installment in the commercially successful \"Liceale\" series, the film despite its title and the token blonde high school girl character, has little to no resemblance to earlier films starring Gloria Guida.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Spooky Little Girl", "paragraph_text": "\"Spooky Little Girl\" is the ninth episode of the of the television series \"American Horror Story\", which premiered on the network FX on November 30, 2011. The episode was written by Jennifer Salt and was directed by John Scott. This episode is rated TV-MA (LSV).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Just What I Needed", "paragraph_text": "``Just What I Needed ''Single by The Cars from the album The Cars B - side`` I'm in Touch with Your World'' Released May 29, 1978 (1978 - 05 - 29) Format 7 - inch single Recorded AIR Studios, London, February 1978 Genre Rock new wave power pop Length 3: 44 Label Elektra 45491 Songwriter (s) Ric Ocasek Producer (s) Roy Thomas Baker The Cars singles chronology ``Just What I Needed ''(1978)`` My Best Friend's Girl'' (1978) ``Just What I Needed ''(1978)`` My Best Friend's Girl'' (1978) The Cars track listing 9 tracks (show) Side one ``Good Times Roll ''`` My Best Friend's Girl'' ``Just What I Needed ''`` I'm in Touch with Your World'' ``Do n't Cha Stop ''Side two`` You're All I've Got Tonight'' ``Bye Bye Love ''`` Moving in Stereo'' ``All Mixed Up ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Streetsmartz", "paragraph_text": "Streetsmartz is an Australian television series. Streetsmartz is centred on the lives of a group of children, their friends and family who live in Fremantle, in Western Australia. Three series, with a total of 39 episodes, were screened in 2005 and 2006 on the Nine Network.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Friends (season 1)", "paragraph_text": "Friends (season 1) Friends season 1 DVD cover Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network NBC Original release September 22, 1994 (1994 - 09 - 22) -- May 18, 1995 (1995 - 05 - 18) Season chronology Next → Season 2 List of Friends episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Romance of a Movie Star", "paragraph_text": "The Romance of a Movie Star is a 1920 British silent romance film directed by Richard Garrick and starring Violet Hopson, Stewart Rome and Gregory Scott. It is based on the novel \"The World's Best Girl\" by Coralie Stanton. A film star risks her reputation to help out a friend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Wadjda", "paragraph_text": "Based in the 2000s, Wadjda, a spirited 10-year-old Saudi girl living in the capital Riyadh, dreams of owning a green bicycle that she passes in a store every day on her way to school. She wants to race against her friend Abdullah, a boy from the neighborhood, but riding bikes is frowned upon for girls and Wadjda's mother refuses to buy one for her daughter. The bike is expensive too, costing SR800.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "A League of Their Own", "paragraph_text": "In 1988, Dottie Hinson (Geena Davis) attends the opening of the new All - American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) exhibit at the Baseball Hall of Fame. She sees many of her former teammates and friends, prompting a flashback to 1943.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Powerpuff Girls", "paragraph_text": "The Powerpuff Girls is an American superhero animated television series created by animator Craig McCracken and produced by Hanna-Barbera (later Cartoon Network Studios) for Cartoon Network. The show centers on Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup, three kindergarten-aged girls with superpowers. The girls all live in the fictional city of Townsville, USA with their father and creator, a scientist named Professor Utonium, and are frequently called upon by the city's mayor to help fight nearby criminals and other enemies using their powers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend", "paragraph_text": "``Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend ''is a jazz song introduced by Carol Channing in the original Broadway production of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1949), which was written by Jule Styne and Leo Robin. It was based on a novel by Anita Loos.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Go Girls", "paragraph_text": "Go Girls is a New Zealand comedy-drama television series that was the subject of a US adaptation, whose first four seasons centered on four adult friends, three female and one male, living on Auckland's North Shore. In the fifth season it was the same premise, but this time centered on five adult friends, three female and two male. Dissatisfied with their lives, they make challenging promises to each other that they endeavour to fulfill throughout the series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "My Buddy (doll)", "paragraph_text": "The My Buddy doll line was a toy brand made by Hasbro in 1985 with the intention of making a doll to appeal to little boys and teach them about caring for their friends. This idea was both innovative and controversial for its time, as toy dolls were traditionally associated with younger girls. Hasbro also introduced a companion Kid Sister marketed toward girls. Hasbro discontinued the line before the start of the 1990s and Playskool took over production, making changes to the likeness and clothing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "God Help the Girl (film)", "paragraph_text": "God Help the Girl is a 2014 British musical drama film written and directed by Stuart Murdoch of the band Belle and Sebastian. It follows three friends who form a band in Glasgow. It was preceded by an album of the same name released in 2009. It received mixed reviews.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "ConnectU", "paragraph_text": "ConnectU (originally HarvardConnection) was a social networking website launched on May 21, 2004, that was founded by Harvard students Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra in December 2002. Users could add people as friends, send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves. Users were placed in networks based upon the domain name associated with the email address they used for registration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "List of Phineas and Ferb characters", "paragraph_text": "Isabella Garcia - Shapiro (voiced by Alyson Stoner) is a Jewish Mexican girl. She is one of the brothers' best friends and has an obvious crush on Phineas Flynn of which he is unaware, though he has shown he cares for her from time to time. She is known for the catchphrase, ``Whatcha doin '? ''and is the leader of the Fireside Girls troop 46231. The troop often helps Phineas and Ferb in their projects. She is named after series creator Dan Povenmire's oldest daughter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Girl Stroke Boy", "paragraph_text": "Girl Stroke Boy is a 1971 British comedy-drama film directed by Bob Kellett and starring Joan Greenwood, Michael Hordern and Clive Francis. It was based on the play \"Girl Friend\" by David Percival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "H2O: Just Add Water", "paragraph_text": "Rikki Chadwick, Emma Gilbert, and Cleo Sertori are three teenage Australian girls who find themselves stranded on the mysterious Mako Island, where they end up in a pool under a dormant volcano just as a full moon passes overhead, bathing the pool in light. The girls are rescued and brought back to shore, where they return to their normal lives, until discovering their lives have become anything but normal. The girls find out that ten seconds after coming into contact with water they transform into mermaids. After further experimentation, the girls also discover they have supernatural powers over water. The trio enlist the help of Cleo's friend Lewis McCartney to help them keep their secret.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ochocinco: The Ultimate Catch", "paragraph_text": "Ochocinco: The Ultimate Catch is an American reality television series airing on VH1 starring wide receiver Chad Ochocinco. The show places him with 85 women to choose from to find love. In the first episode of the show, he eliminated 69 girls. Rubi Pazmino was the winner of the show. Fellow NFL Wide Receivers, and Ochocinco's close friends, Bernard \"B-Twice\" Berrian and Terrell Owens appeared on some episodes offering tips and helping Ochocinco select the girls.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161518, "question": "What network was TSCC on?", "answer": "Fox", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 43556, "question": "who is the girl on #1 and friends", "answer": "Ainsley Earhardt", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Fiddlin' Buckaroo", "paragraph_text": "The Fiddlin' Buckaroo is a 1933 American Western film directed by Ken Maynard and written by Nate Gatzert. The film stars Ken Maynard, Gloria Shea, Fred Kohler, Frank Rice, Jack Rockwell and Joseph W. Girard. The film was released on July 20, 1933, by Universal Pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "9th Empire Awards", "paragraph_text": "The 9th Empire Awards ceremony (officially known as the Sony Ericsson Empire Awards), presented by the British film magazine \"Empire\", honored the best films of 2003 and took place on 4 February 2004 at The Dorchester Hotel in London, England. During the ceremony, \"Empire\" presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as three honorary awards. The Lifetime Achievement Award was renamed to Career Achievement Award this year but was reverted to its former name at its next and last presentation. The ceremony was televised live in the United Kingdom by Sky Movies 1 with highlights and exclusive backstage interviews airing on Sky One Mix on 5 February. English actor Bill Bailey hosted the show for the first time. The awards were sponsored by Sony Ericsson for the second consecutive year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Todd Karns", "paragraph_text": "Roscoe Todd Karns (January 15, 1921 -- February 5, 2000) was an American actor perhaps best remembered for playing Harry Bailey, the younger brother of George Bailey in the Christmas classic film It's a Wonderful Life.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Janine Kunze", "paragraph_text": "Janine Kunze (20 March 1974 in Cologne) is a German actress and presenter. She was and is active in many television series. Her breakthrough she achieve in the comedy series Hausmeister Krause – Ordnung muss sein. Later she was in the series Die Rote Meile, Balko, Barfuss, The Comedy Trap, Clueless Genius - The Comedy Arena and Extreme Activity to see. Her breakthrough achieved in the comedy series Die Dreisten Drei, in which she participated 2007 and 2008. There she replaced Mirja Boes. 2011 she moderated along with Daniel Aminati the second season of Die Alm.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "RuPaul's Drag Race", "paragraph_text": "RuPaul's Drag Race Genre Reality competition Directed by Nick Murray Judges RuPaul Merle Ginsberg Santino Rice Michelle Visage Billy Brasfield Ross Mathews Carson Kressley Theme music composer RuPaul Opening theme ``RuPaul's Drag Race ''theme (season 1 -- present) Ending theme`` Cover Girl (Put the Bass In Walk)'' (season 1) ``Jealous of My Boogie ''(season 2)`` Main Event'' (season 3) ``The Beginning ''(season 4 -- 5)`` Dance with U'' (season 6) ``Fly Tonight ''(season 7)`` Die Tomorrow'' (season 8) ``Be Someone ''&`` Kitty Girl'' (season 9) ``Rock It (To The Moon) ''(season 10) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 10 No. of episodes 118 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Fenton Bailey Randy Barbato Tom Campbell RuPaul Steven Corfe Pamela Post Mandy Salangsang Chris McKim Camera setup Multiple Running time 42 -- 60 minutes Production company (s) World of Wonder Distributor Passion Distribution Release Original network Logo VH1 Picture format NTSC 480i HDTV 1080i Original release February 2, 2009 (2009 - 02 - 02) -- present (present) Chronology Related shows RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars RuPaul's Drag U External links Website", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus", "paragraph_text": "Independently of Castello and Coup, James Anthony Bailey had teamed up with James E. Cooper to create the Cooper and Bailey Circus in the 1860s. The Cooper and Bailey Circus became the chief competitor to Barnum's circus. As Bailey's circus was outperforming his, Barnum sought to merge the circuses. The two groups agreed to combine their shows on March 28, 1881. Initially named ``P.T. Barnum's Greatest Show On Earth, And The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and The Grand International Allied Shows United '', it was eventually shortened to`` Barnum and Bailey's Circus''. Bailey was instrumental in acquiring Jumbo, advertised as the world's largest elephant, for the show. Barnum died in 1891 and Bailey then purchased the circus from his widow. Bailey continued touring the eastern United States until he took his circus to Europe. That tour started on December 27, 1897, and lasted until 1902.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Bailey (surname)", "paragraph_text": "Bailey is an occupational surname of English origin. Bailey is the 58th most common surname in England and is most commonly found in Jamaica.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "It's a Wonderful Life", "paragraph_text": "James Stewart as George Bailey Donna Reed as Mary Hatch Bailey Henry Travers as Clarence Odbody Lionel Barrymore as Mr. Henry F. Potter Thomas Mitchell as Uncle Billy Bailey Beulah Bondi as Ma Bailey Frank Faylen as Ernie Bishop, the cab driver Ward Bond as Bert, the cop Gloria Grahame as Violet Bick H.B. Warner as Mr. Emil Gower Todd Karns as Harry Bailey Samuel S. Hinds as father Peter ``Pop ''Bailey Lillian Randolph as Annie, maid Frank Albertson as Sam Wainwright Virginia Patton as Ruth Dakin Bailey, Harry's wife Mary Treen as Cousin Tilly, employee Charles Williams as Cousin Eustace, employee Sarah Edwards as Mrs. Hatch, Mary's mother William Edmunds as Mr. Giuseppe Martini Argentina Brunetti as Mrs. Martini Bobby Anderson as Little George Bailey Ronnie Ralph as Little Sam Wainwright Jean Gale as Little Mary Hatch Ray Walker as Joe Jeanine Ann Roose as Little Violet Bick", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2017 Raleigh mayoral election", "paragraph_text": "The biennial nonpartisan election for the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina was held on Tuesday, Oct. 10, 2017. As no candidate won a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff was held on November 7, 2017, as requested by the second - place finisher, Charles Francis. Incumbent Mayor Nancy McFarlane defeated Francis in the runoff, winning a fourth term in office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "On Our Selection (1912 play)", "paragraph_text": "On Our Selection is a 1912 Australian play by Bert Bailey and Edmund Duggan based on the stories of Steele Rudd. Bailey played Dad Rudd in the original production.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Baileys Irish Cream", "paragraph_text": "Baileys Irish Cream was created by Gilbeys of Ireland, a division of International Distillers & Vintners, as it searched for something to introduce to the international market. The process of finding a product began in 1971 and it was introduced in 1974 as the first Irish cream on the market. The Baileys name was granted permission by John Chesterman after Gilbeys asked to use the name from a restaurant that John Chesterman owned. The fictional R.A. Bailey signature was inspired by the Bailey's Hotel in London, though the registered trademark omits the apostrophe. Baileys is produced in Dublin and Mallusk (Northern Ireland).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Place the Face", "paragraph_text": "Place the Face is an American game show that aired on CBS and NBC from 1953 to 1955. The series was hosted by Jack Smith, Jack Bailey, and then Bill Cullen. Jack Narz was the announcer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mount Bailey (Oregon)", "paragraph_text": "Mount Bailey is a relatively young tephra cone and shield volcano in the Cascade Range, located on the opposite side of Diamond Lake from Mount Thielsen in southern Oregon, United States. Bailey consists of a -high main cone on top of an old basaltic andesite shield volcano. With a volume of , Mount Bailey is slightly smaller than neighboring Diamond Peak. Mount Bailey is a popular destination for recreational activities. Well known in the Pacific Northwest region as a haven for skiing in the winter months, the mountain's transportation, instead of a conventional chairlift, is provided by snowcats—treaded, tractor-like vehicles that can ascend Bailey's steep, snow-covered slopes and carry skiers to the higher reaches of the mountain. In the summer months, a hiking trail gives foot access to Bailey's summit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cincinnati", "paragraph_text": "The present Mayor of Cincinnati is John Cranley. The nine-member city council is composed of Vice Mayor Christopher Smitherman and Councilmembers Tamaya Dennard (President Pro-Tem), David Mann, Amy Murray, Chris Seelbach, P.G. Sittenfeld, Greg Landsman, Jeff Pastor, and Wendell Young. The city manager is Harry Black, and the manager maintains two assistant city managers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Octavian Utalea", "paragraph_text": "Octavian Utalea (11 February 1868, Maieru (), Beszterce-Naszód, Kingdom of Hungary - present-day Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Romania – ?) became mayor of the municipality of Cluj, Romania on 1 May 1923. He served as mayor until 14 March 1926. Among the accomplishments of his term in office were the opening of an Army Club (\"Cerc Militar\") in the Reduta Palace and the founding of a School of Fine Arts (today's School of Plastic Arts) in the Central Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Baileys of Balboa", "paragraph_text": "The Baileys of Balboa is an American sitcom that appeared on CBS in the 1964-1965 season on Thursdays at 9:30pm ET. The series lasted only one 26-episode season (due to its competition on Thursday nights with ABC's highly successful twice-weekly soap opera, \"Peyton Place\"). The show was directed by Gary Nelson and Bob Sweeney.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Albert Zahn House", "paragraph_text": "The Albert Zahn House is located in Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2017 Cincinnati mayoral election", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Cincinnati mayoral election took place on November 7, 2017, to elect the Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio. The election was officially nonpartisan, with the top two candidates from the May 2 primary election advancing to the general election, regardless of party. Incumbent Democratic Mayor John Cranley won re-election to a second term.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is \"People's Government of Nanjing City\" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 146310, "question": "In what place did Bailey Gatzert die?", "answer": "Seattle", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 16101, "question": "Who is the present mayor of #1 ?", "answer": "Ed Murray", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Hundred Days Offensive", "paragraph_text": "The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was an Allied offensive which ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed Central Powers back after their gains from the Spring Offensive. The Germans eventually retreated to the Hindenburg Line, culminating in the Armistice of 11 November 1918. The term \"Hundred Days Offensive\" does not refer to a battle or strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories against which the German armies had no reply.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "AK-47", "paragraph_text": "The AK - 47, AK, or as it is officially known (Russian: Автома́т Кала́шникова, tr. Avtomát Kaláshnikova, lit. Kalashnikov's Automatic Rifle), also known as the Kalashnikov, is a gas - operated, 7.62 × 39mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is the originating firearm of the Kalashnikov rifle (or ``AK '') family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "AK-12", "paragraph_text": "On 25 May 2010, the Russian media published a Russian Ministry of Defence statement that the AK-12 rifle was to be tested in 2011. The early prototype model (AK-200), was presented to the Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin during his official visit to inspect the products of the Izhmash arms manufacturing plant in Izhevsk, it was apparently a basic AK-74 (thus chambered in 5.45×39mm cartridge). The Izhmash's prototype was fitted with a large-capacity 60-round casket magazine. On the early prototype model, the traditional locations of the cocking handle, safety lever and fire selector remained unchanged, but the AK-12's production model featured revisions to all of these features.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "The Demilitarized Zone runs northeast of the 38th parallel; to the south, it travels west. The old Korean capital city of Kaesong, site of the armistice negotiations, originally was in pre-war South Korea, but now is part of North Korea. The United Nations Command, supported by the United States, the North Korean People's Army, and the Chinese People's Volunteers, signed the Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953 to end the fighting. The Armistice also called upon the governments of South Korea, North Korea, China and the United States to participate in continued peace talks. The war is considered to have ended at this point, even though there was no peace treaty. North Korea nevertheless claims that it won the Korean War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Armistice of 22 June 1940", "paragraph_text": "The Armistice of 22 June 1940 was signed at 18: 36 near Compiègne, France, by officials of Nazi Germany and the French Third Republic. It did not come into effect until after midnight on 25 June.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Korean Armistice Agreement", "paragraph_text": "The Korean Armistice Agreement is the armistice which serves to ensure a complete cessation of hostilities of the Korean War. It was signed by U.S. Army Lieutenant General William Harrison, Jr. representing the United Nations Command (UNC), North Korean General Nam Il representing the Korean People's Army (KPA), and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA). The armistice was signed on July 27, 1953, and was designed to ``insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved. ''No`` final peaceful settlement'' has been achieved. The signed armistice established the Korean Demilitarized Zone (de facto a new border between the two nations), put into force a cease - fire, and finalized repatriation of prisoners of war. The Demilitarized Zone runs not far from the 38th parallel, which separated North and South Korea before the Korean War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. As a condition for peace, the treaty by the Central Powers conceded huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire, greatly upsetting nationalists and conservatives. The Bolsheviks made peace with the German Empire and the Central Powers, as they had promised the Russian people prior to the Revolution. Vladimir Lenin's decision has been attributed to his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, offered by the latter in hopes that with a revolution, Russia would withdraw from World War I. This suspicion was bolstered by the German Foreign Ministry's sponsorship of Lenin's return to Petrograd. The Western Allies expressed their dismay at the Bolsheviks, upset at:", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "AK-63", "paragraph_text": "In Hungarian service, the AK-63 replaced the AMD-65, which is nearly identical but features a modified heat shield and a vertical forward hand grip under the barrel. Although the AMD-65 had been the Hungarian service rifle since 1965, it was more expensive to build, and the forward grips had a reputation for being easily damaged in the field. In the late-1970s, the Hungarian Defense Ministry requested that FÉG manufacture a cheaper rifle based on the more traditional Soviet AKM design. By the end of 1977, the AK-63 was adopted by the Hungarian People's Army (beginning with the Ground Forces). In 1978, FÉG added a folding stock AKMS version of the AK-63 to their catalogue; thereafter, the fixed-stock AK-63 became known as the AK-63F (Wooden Stock) and the folding-stock version was designated AK-63D (Descent).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The First World War began in 1914 and lasted to the final Armistice in 1918. The Allied Powers, led by the British Empire, France, Russia until March 1918, Japan and the United States after 1917, defeated the Central Powers, led by the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The war caused the disintegration of four empires—the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian ones—as well as radical change in the European and West Asian maps. The Allied powers before 1917 are referred to as the Triple Entente, and the Central Powers are referred to as the Triple Alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Black Velvet (song)", "paragraph_text": "Country music artist Robin Lee, also signed to Atlantic at the time, covered ``Black Velvet ''in 1990 on her third studio album, also titled Black Velvet. Lee's version peaked at No. 12 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Hundred Days Offensive", "paragraph_text": "The Hundred Days Offensive was the final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front from 8 August to 11 November 1918, beginning with the Battle of Amiens. The offensive essentially pushed the Germans out of France, forcing them to retreat beyond the Hindenburg Line, and was followed by an armistice. The term ``Hundred Days Offensive ''does not refer to a specific battle or unified strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories starting with the Battle of Amiens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "AK-74", "paragraph_text": "In 1991 the Izhmash factory in the city of Izhevsk began full-scale production of a modernized variant of the AK-74—the AK-74M (M—Russian: \"Модернизированный\"; \"Modernizirovanniy\" or \"modernized\") assault rifle that offers more versatility compared with its predecessor. Apart from several minor improvements, such as a lightened bolt and carrier assembly to reduce the impulse of the gas piston and bolt carrier during firing, the rifle features a new glass-filled polyamide stock that retains the shape of the original AK-74 fixed laminated wood stock, but side-folds to the left like the skeletonized AKS-74 buttstock. Additionally the AK-74M features an improved muzzle device, a reinforced smooth dust cover and a redesigned guide rod return spring retainer that allows firing the GP-25, GP-30 and GP-34 underslung grenade launchers without having to use the previously necessary additional receiver cover fastener. Each AK-74M is fitted with a side-rail bracket for mounting optics. The AK-74M would have been adopted by the Soviet Union as the standard service rifle, and has been accepted as the new service rifle of the Russian Federation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Panmunjom", "paragraph_text": "A final armistice agreement was reached on July 27, 1953. The United Nations Command, Chinese Peoples Liberation Army, and North Korea Peoples Army agreed to an armistice ending the fighting. The agreement established a 4-kilometer-wide demilitarized zone along the armistice line, effectively dividing Korea into two separate countries. Although most troops and all heavy weapons were to be removed from the area, it has been heavily armed by both sides since the end of the fighting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ottoman Empire during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 30 October 1918, the Armistice of Mudros was signed, ending Ottoman involvement in World War 1. The Ottoman public, however, was given misleadingly positive impressions of the severity of the terms of the Armistice. They thought its terms were considerably more lenient than they actually were, a source of discontent later that the Allies had betrayed the offered terms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Eugène Charles Miroy", "paragraph_text": "Eugène Charles Miroy (November 12, 1828 – February 12, 1871), also known as Abbé Miroy, was a French Catholic priest who was executed by the Prussian military during the armistice following the Franco-Prussian War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "AKM", "paragraph_text": "Introduced into service with the Soviet Army in 1959, the AKM is the most ubiquitous variant of the entire AK series of firearms and it has found widespread use with most member states of the former Warsaw Pact and its African and Asian allies as well as being widely exported and produced in many other countries. The production of these rifles was carried out at both the Tula Arms Plant and Izhmash. It was officially replaced in Soviet frontline service by the AK-74 in the late 1970s, but remains in use worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Armistice of 11 November 1918", "paragraph_text": "The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, sea and air in World War I between the Allies and their last opponent, Germany. Previous armistices had eliminated Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro - Hungarian Empire. Also known as the Armistice of Compiègne from the place where it was signed, it came into force at 11 a.m. Paris time on 11 November 1918 (``the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month '') and marked a victory for the Allies and a complete defeat for Germany, although not formally a surrender.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Treaty of Versailles", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Veterans Day", "paragraph_text": "Veterans Day is an official United States public holiday, observed annually on November 11, that honors military veterans; that is, persons who served in the United States Armed Forces. It coincides with other holidays, including Armistice Day and Remembrance Day, celebrated in other countries that mark the anniversary of the end of World War I; major hostilities of World War I were formally ended at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918, when the Armistice with Germany went into effect. The United States previously observed Armistice Day. The U.S. holiday was renamed Veterans Day in 1954.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Armistice of Cassibile", "paragraph_text": "The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106076, "question": "Which was the country for AK-12?", "answer": "Russia", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 33265, "question": "When was the armistice signed between #1 and Central powers?", "answer": "1917", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Battle of Qurna (Iraq War)", "paragraph_text": "Battle of Qurna was a battle during the Iraq War between the Multinational force in Iraq and Iraqi insurgents. The battle took part in Al-Qurna. In the battle, the insurgents tried to take the control of the city from the allies, mainly Danish, Lithuanian and British soldiers. The insurgents were later forced to retreat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Leyte Gulf was arguably the largest naval battle in history and was the largest naval battle of World War II. It was a series of four distinct engagements fought off the Philippine island of Leyte from 23 to 26 October 1944. Leyte Gulf featured the largest battleships ever built, was the last time in history that battleships engaged each other, and was also notable as the first time that kamikaze aircraft were used. Allied victory in the Philippine Sea established Allied air and sea superiority in the western Pacific. Nimitz favored blockading the Philippines and landing on Formosa. This would give the Allies control of the sea routes to Japan from southern Asia, cutting off substantial Japanese garrisons. MacArthur favored an invasion of the Philippines, which also lay across the supply lines to Japan. Roosevelt adjudicated in favor of the Philippines. Meanwhile, Japanese Combined Fleet Chief Toyoda Soemu prepared four plans to cover all Allied offensive scenarios. On 12 October Nimitz launched a carrier raid against Formosa to make sure that planes based there could not intervene in the landings on Leyte. Toyoda put Plan Sho-2 into effect, launching a series of air attacks against the U.S. carriers. However the Japanese lost 600 planes in three days, leaving them without air cover.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Franco-Prussian War", "paragraph_text": "On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging trenches and rifle pits while placing their artillery and their mitrailleuses in concealed positions. Finally aware of the Prussian advance, the French opened up a massive return fire against the mass of advancing Germans. The battle at first appeared to favor the French with their superior Chassepot rifle. However, the Prussian artillery was superior with the all-steel Krupp breech-loading gun. By 14:30, General Steinmetz, the commander of the First Army, unilaterally launched his VIII Corps across the Mance Ravine in which the Prussian infantry were soon pinned down by murderous rifle and mitrailleuse fire from the French positions. At 15:00, the massed guns of the VII and VIII Corps opened fire to support the attack. But by 16:00, with the attack in danger of stalling, Steinmetz ordered the VII Corps forward, followed by the 1st Cavalry Division.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Portugal–Spain relations", "paragraph_text": "Portugal -- Spain relations describes relations between the governments of the Portuguese Republic and the Kingdom of Spain. The two states make up the vast majority of the Iberian Peninsula and as such, the relationship between the two is sometimes known as Iberian relations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Battle of Cravant", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Cravant was fought on 31 July 1423, during the Hundred Years' War between English and French forces at the village of Cravant in Burgundy, at a bridge and ford on the banks of the river Yonne, a left-bank tributary of the Seine, southeast of Auxerre. The battle ended in a victory for the English and their Burgundian allies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Battle of Wilhelmsthal", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Wilhelmsthal (sometimes written as the Battle of Wilhelmstadt) was fought on 24 June 1762 during the Seven Years' War between on one side the allied forces of British, Prussian, Hanover, Brunswick and Hessian troops under the command of the Duke of Brunswick against the French. Once again, the French threatened Hanover, so the Allies manoeuvered around the French, surrounded the invasion force, and forced them to retreat. It was the last major action fought by Brunswick's force before the Peace of Paris brought an end to the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Battle of Peritheorion", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Peritheorion on 7 July 1345 between the forces of Momchil, the quasi-independent ruler of Rhodope, and an allied Byzantine-Turkish force headed by John VI Kantakouzenos and Umur Bey of Aydin. The two armies met in front of the walls of the city of Peritheorion (near Amaxades, now in ruins), and the battle resulted in a crushing victory for the allied army, with Momchil himself falling in the field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Korea under Japanese rule", "paragraph_text": "Following the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the impending overrun of the Korean peninsula by Russian forces, Japan surrendered to the Allied forces on 15 August 1945, ending 35 years of Japanese occupation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Arab history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the \"Reconquista\" and in the medieval history of Spain. The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile were joined by the armies of his rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal, in battle against the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. The Caliph al-Nasir (\"Miramamolín\" in the Spanish chronicles) led the Almohad army, made up of people from the whole Almohad empire. Most of the men in the Almohad army came from the African side of the empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Frustrated by the wasted effort, and with demands for action from their citizens, the allied force decided to attack the center of Russian strength in the Black Sea at Sevastopol on the Crimean peninsula. After extended preparations, the forces landed on the peninsula in September 1854 and fought their way to a point south of Sevastopol after a series of successful battles. The Russians counterattacked on 25 October in what became the Battle of Balaclava and were repulsed, but at the cost of seriously depleting the British Army forces. A second counterattack, ordered personally by Nicholas, was defeated by Omar Pasha. The front settled into a siege and led to horrible conditions for troops on both sides. Smaller actions were carried out in the Baltic, the Caucasus, the White Sea and in the North Pacific.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Battle of Hastenbeck", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Hastenbeck (26 July 1757) was fought as part of the Invasion of Hanover during the Seven Years' War between the allied forces of Hanover, Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and Brunswick, and the French. The allies were defeated by the French army near Hamelin in the Electorate of Hanover.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula", "paragraph_text": "The Roman conquest of Hispania was a process by which the Roman Republic seized the Carthaginian territories in the south and east in 206 BC (during the Second Punic War) and then gradually extended control over most of the Iberian Peninsula without annexations. It was completed after the fall of the Republic (27 BC), by Augustus, the first Roman emperor, who annexed the whole of Hispania to the Roman Empire in 19 BC. Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. The peninsula had various ethnic groups and a large number of tribes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Battle of Navarino", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Navarino was a naval battle fought on 20 October 1827, during the Greek War of Independence (1821–32), in Navarino Bay (modern Pylos), on the west coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Ionian Sea. Allied forces from Britain, France, and Russia decisively defeated Ottoman and Egyptian forces trying to suppress the Greeks, thereby making much more likely the independence of Greece. The battle was the last to be fought by only sailing ships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Battle of Vigo Bay", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Vigo Bay, also known as the Battle of Rande (; ), was a naval engagement fought on 23 October 1702 during the opening years of the War of the Spanish Succession. The engagement followed an Anglo-Dutch attempt to capture the Spanish port of Cádiz in September in an effort to secure a naval base in the Iberian Peninsula. From this station the Allies had hoped to conduct operations in the western Mediterranean Sea, particularly against the French at Toulon. The amphibious assault, however, had proved a disaster, but as Admiral George Rooke retreated home in early October, he received news that the Spanish treasure fleet from America, laden with silver and merchandise, had entered Vigo Bay in northern Spain. Philips van Almonde convinced Rooke to attack the treasure ships, despite the lateness of the year and the fact that the vessels were protected by French ships-of-the-line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Battle of Luzon", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Luzon (Filipino: \"Labanan sa Luzon\"), fought 9 January – 15 August 1945, was a land battle of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony the Philippines, and allies against forces of the Empire of Japan. The battle resulted in a U.S. and Filipino victory. The Allies had taken control of all strategically and economically important locations of Luzon by March 1945, although pockets of Japanese resistance held out in the mountains until the unconditional surrender of Japan. While not the highest in U.S. casualties, it is the highest net casualty battle U.S. forces fought in World War II, with 192,000 to 205,000 Japanese combatants dead (mostly from starvation and disease), 10,000 American combatants killed, and between 120,000 and 140,000 Filipino civilians and combatants killed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Napoleon", "paragraph_text": "Napoleon would end up leaving Iberia in order to deal with the Austrians in Central Europe, but the Peninsular War continued on long after his absence. He never returned to Spain after the 1808 campaign. Several months after Corunna, the British sent another army to the peninsula under the future Duke of Wellington. The war then settled into a complex and asymmetric strategic deadlock where all sides struggled to gain the upper hand. The highlight of the conflict became the brutal guerrilla warfare that engulfed much of the Spanish countryside. Both sides committed the worst atrocities of the Napoleonic Wars during this phase of the conflict. The vicious guerrilla fighting in Spain, largely absent from the French campaigns in Central Europe, severely disrupted the French lines of supply and communication. Although France maintained roughly 300,000 troops in Iberia during the Peninsular War, the vast majority were tied down to garrison duty and to intelligence operations. The French were never able to concentrate all of their forces effectively, prolonging the war until events elsewhere in Europe finally turned the tide in favor of the Allies. After the invasion of Russia in 1812, the number of French troops in Spain vastly declined as Napoleon needed reinforcements to conserve his strategic position in Europe. By 1814, after scores of battles and sieges throughout Iberia, the Allies had managed to push the French out of the peninsula.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Galicia (Spain)", "paragraph_text": "In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Battle of Simancas", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Simancas (also called Alhandega or al-Khandaq) was a military battle that started on July 19, 939, in the Iberian Peninsula between the troops of the king of León Ramiro II and Cordovan caliph Abd al-Rahman III near the walls of the city of Simancas. The battle decided the control of the lands of the Duero.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Battle of Dara", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dara was fought between the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire and the Sassanids in 530. It was one of the battles of the Iberian War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "First Battle of the Marne", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Marne (French: Première bataille de la Marne, also known as the Miracle of the Marne, Le Miracle de la Marne) was a World War I battle fought from 6 -- 10 September 1914. It resulted in an Allied victory against the German armies in the west. The battle was the culmination of the German advance into France and pursuit of the Allied armies which followed the Battle of the Frontiers in August and had reached the eastern outskirts of Paris. A counter-attack by six French armies and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) along the Marne River forced the Imperial German Army to retreat north - west, leading to the First Battle of the Aisne and the Race to the Sea. The battle was a victory for the Allied Powers but led to four years of trench warfare stalemate on the Western Front.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 14790, "question": "Who did the battle first appear to favor?", "answer": "the French", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 19483, "question": "By what year did the Allies force the #1 out of the Iberian peninsula?", "answer": "1814", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Rami Samara", "paragraph_text": "Rami's father is Abdel-Majeed Samara, former head coach of Al-Ramtha SC, and his uncle is Abdel-Haleem Samara, president of Al-Ramtha SC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "NTV Spor", "paragraph_text": "Launched in March 2008, NTV Spor is a dedicated TV channel producing sports-related programming 24 hours a day. Using NTV's expertise in news and sports broadcasting NTV Spor is regarded as a sports platform where fans can catch up on everything related to sports 24/7.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "José Peirats", "paragraph_text": "José Peirats Valls (15 March 1908 La Vall d'Uixó - 20 August 1989) was a Spanish anarchist, activist, journalist and historian.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Enrico Rastelli", "paragraph_text": "Enrico Rastelli (19 December 1896 in Samara, Russia – 13 December 1931 in Bergamo, Italy) was an Italian juggler, acrobat and performer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Eugénie Smet", "paragraph_text": "Blessed Eugénie Smet A.P. (25 March 1825 in Lille – 7 February 1871), also known as sœur Marie de la Providence, was a French nun who founded the Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls in 1856. Her feast day is 7 February.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "In 1562 Francisco de Ibarra headed a personal expedition in search of the mythical cities of Cibola and Quivira; he traveled through the present-day state of Chihuahua. Francisco de Ibarra is thought to have been the first European to see the ruins of Paquime. In 1564 Rodrigo de Río de Loza, a lieutenant under Francisco de Ibarra, stayed behind after the expedition and found gold at the foot of the mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental; he founded the first Spanish city in the region, Santa Barbara in 1567 by bringing 400 European families to the settlement. A few years later in 1569 Franciscan missionaries led by Fray Agustín Rodríguez from the coast of Sinaloa and the state of Durango founded the first mission in the state in Valle de San Bartolomé (present-day Valle de Allende). Fray Agustín Rodríguez evangelized the native population until 1581. Between 1586 and 1588 a epidemic caused a temporary exodus of the small population in the territory of Nueva Vizcaya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Del Valle High School (Travis County, Texas)", "paragraph_text": "Del Valle High School is a public high school located in the Del Valle community in unincorporated Travis County, Texas, United States and is part of the Del Valle Independent School District. The high school serves the communities of Austin, Creedmoor, Garfield, Mustang Ridge, Pilot Knob, Elroy, Webberville, and Hornsby Bend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "NOAA-4", "paragraph_text": "NOAA-4, also known as ITOS-G was a weather satellite operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It was part of a series of satellites called ITOS, or improved TIROS. NOAA-4 was launched on a Delta rocket on November 15, 1974. The launch carried two other satellites: AMSAT-OSCAR 7 and Intasat. It remained operational for 1463 days until it was deactivated by NOAA on November 18, 1978.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "El Valle del Espíritu Santo", "paragraph_text": "El Valle del Espíritu Santo is a village near Porlamar, in the Nueva Esparta state of Venezuela. Founded as the capital of the island in 1529, El Valle del Espíritu Santo is just north of Porlamar. It is the birth town of Santiago Mariño and his sister, Concepción Mariño, as well as where the patron of the island, the Virgin of El Valle appeared. In the village there is a has a pink-and-white church (see below) honoring the Virgen del Valle. Visitors go to the village all year-round, but especially on her feast day in early September.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Marisol Touraine", "paragraph_text": "Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Valle Romita Polyptych", "paragraph_text": "The Valle Romita Polyptych (Italian: \"Polittico di Valle Romita\") is a painting by the Italian late Gothic painter Gentile da Fabriano, dating from c. 1410-1412 and now housed in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan. It was originally executed for the Franciscan hermitage of Valle Romita near Gentile's birthplace, Fabriano.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mars", "paragraph_text": "The large canyon, Valles Marineris (Latin for ``Mariner Valleys '', also known as Agathadaemon in the old canal maps), has a length of 4,000 km (2,500 mi) and a depth of up to 7 km (4.3 mi). The length of Valles Marineris is equivalent to the length of Europe and extends across one - fifth the circumference of Mars. By comparison, the Grand Canyon on Earth is only 446 km (277 mi) long and nearly 2 km (1.2 mi) deep. Valles Marineris was formed due to the swelling of the Tharsis area, which caused the crust in the area of Valles Marineris to collapse. In 2012, it was proposed that Valles Marineris is not just a graben, but a plate boundary where 150 km (93 mi) of transverse motion has occurred, making Mars a planet with possibly a two - tectonic plate arrangement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Catedral Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Valle", "paragraph_text": "Catedral Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Valle is a basilica cathedral in San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca Province, Argentina. It is dedicated to the Virgen del Valle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Hebrus Valles", "paragraph_text": "Hebrus Valles is an ancient system of troughs and valleys in the Amenthes quadrangle of Mars, located at 20.2° north latitude and 233.4° west longitude. It is 317 km long and was named after a river in the Balkans which runs through present day Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. Some authors have identified the troughs and valleys of Hebrus Valles as outflow channels, but their origin and history remain ambiguous.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Samara Valles", "paragraph_text": "Samara Valles is a valley bordering the Memnonia quadrangle and the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle on Mars, located at approximately 25.1° south latitude and 19.1° west longitude. It is 615 km long and was named after the ancient name for modern Somme River, France.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Mars 7", "paragraph_text": "Mars 7 was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok D upper stage, flying from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81/24. The launch occurred at 17:00:17 UTC on 9 August 1973, with the first three stages placing the spacecraft and upper stage into a low Earth parking orbit before the Blok D fired to propel Mars 7 into heliocentric orbit bound for Mars. The spacecraft performed a course correction on 16 August 1973.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Elephant Games", "paragraph_text": "Elephant Games is a casual game developing company founded in 2003 in Yoshkar-Ola, Russia. There are also divisions in Cheboksary, Penza, Samara, Kazan. Elephant Games currently produces games for PC, MAC, iPad, iPhone and Android. Most of the company's projects are published on Big Fish Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Voyager 1", "paragraph_text": "Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977. Part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System, Voyager 1 launched 16 days after its twin, Voyager 2. Having operated for 40 years, 7 months and 4 days as of April 9, 2018, the spacecraft still communicates with the Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and return data. At a distance of 141 AU (2.11 × 10 km), approximately 21 billion kilometers (13 billion miles) from the Sun as of January 2, 2018, it is the farthest spacecraft and man - made object from Earth.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Space Race", "paragraph_text": "The United States launched three more Mercury flights after Glenn's: Aurora 7 on May 24, 1962 duplicated Glenn's three orbits; Sigma 7 on October 3, 1962, six orbits; and Faith 7 on May 15, 1963, 22 orbits (32.4 hours), the maximum capability of the spacecraft. NASA at first intended to launch one more mission, extending the spacecraft's endurance to three days, but since this would not beat the Soviet record, it was decided instead to concentrate on developing Project Gemini.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Hylestad", "paragraph_text": "Hylestad is a former municipality in Aust-Agder county, Norway. The former municipality was located in the southern part of the present-day municipality of Valle in the traditional region of Setesdal. It existed from 1915 until its dissolution in 1962. The administrative centre was the village of Rysstad where the Hylestad Church was located.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 132343, "question": "Where is Samara Valles found?", "answer": "Mars", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 156169, "question": "What day was #1 7 launched?", "answer": "9 August 1973", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chubu Centrair International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Centrair is classified as a first class airport and is the main international gateway for the Chubu (\"central\") region of Japan. The name is an abbreviation of Central Japan International Airport, an alternate translation used in the English name of the airport's operating company, . 10.2 million people used the airport in 2015, ranking 8th busiest in the nation, and 208,000 tons of cargo was moved in 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Murtala Muhammed International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) (IATA: LOS, ICAO: DNMM) is an international airport located in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria, and is the major airport serving the entire state. The airport was initially built during World War II and is named after Murtala Muhammed, the 4th military ruler of Nigeria.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Wedington Woods, Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "Wedington Woods is an unincorporated community in Litteral Township, Washington County, Arkansas, United States. It is located west of Fayetteville, north of Wedington Drive. A small grass airport exists named Wedington Woods Airport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "KOFI", "paragraph_text": "KOFI (1180 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Kalispell, Montana. The station is owned by KOFI, Inc. It airs an Oldies music and News/Talk radio format. The station first signed on in 1955. It was assigned these call letters by the Federal Communications Commission.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport (commonly known as Winnipeg International Airport or simply Winnipeg Airport) is an international airport located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is the seventh busiest airport in Canada by passenger traffic, serving 4,305,744 passengers in 2017, and the 11th busiest airport by aircraft movements. It is a hub for passenger airlines Calm Air, Perimeter Airlines, Flair Airlines, and cargo airline Cargojet. It is also a focus city for WestJet. The airport is co-located with Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is served by two primary airports, Will Rogers World Airport and the much smaller Wiley Post Airport (incidentally, the two honorees died in the same plane crash in Alaska) Will Rogers World Airport is the state's busiest commercial airport, with over 3.6 million passengers annually. Tinker Air Force Base, in southeast Oklahoma City, is the largest military air depot in the nation; a major maintenance and deployment facility for the Navy and the Air Force, and the second largest military institution in the state (after Fort Sill in Lawton).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "During his annual state-of-the-nation address on September 2, 2014, President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto unveiled plans for a new international airport to ease the city's notorious air traffic congestion, tentatively slated for a 2018 opening. The new airport, which would have six runways, will cost $9.15 billion and would be built on vacant federal land east of Mexico City International Airport. Goals are to eventually handle 120 million passengers a year, which would make it the busiest airport in the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Orlando International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Orlando International Airport (IATA: MCO, ICAO: KMCO, FAA LID: MCO) is a major public airport located six miles (10 km) southeast of Downtown Orlando, Florida, United States. In 2017, MCO handled 44,611,265 passengers, making it the busiest airport in the state of Florida and the eleventh - busiest airport in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Fukuoka Airport", "paragraph_text": "Fukuoka Airport is the principal airport on the island of Kyushu and is the fourth busiest passenger airport in Japan. As of 2017, the airport is the fourth busiest single-runway airport in the world by passenger traffic (after Mumbai, London–Gatwick and İstanbul-Sabiha Gökçen). The airport is surrounded by residential areas; flights stop at 10 p.m. at the request of local residents and resume operation at 7 a.m. The domestic terminal is connected to the city by the Fukuoka City Subway, and a subway from the airport to the business district takes less than ten minutes. The international terminal is only accessible by road, although there is scheduled bus service to Hakata Station and the Tenjin area. Alternatives to access the Fukuoka area include Saga Airport and Kitakyushu Airport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport. Eight smaller communities have airports designated for commercial service under the Essential Air Service program.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Heraklion International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Heraklion International Airport \"Nikos Kazantzakis\" is the primary airport on the island of Crete, Greece, and the country's second busiest airport after Athens International Airport. It is located about 5 km east of the main city centre of Heraklion, near the municipality of Nea Alikarnassos. It is a shared civil/military facility. The airport is named after Heraklion native Nikos Kazantzakis, a Greek writer and philosopher. Nikos Kazantzakis Airport is Crete's main and busiest airport, serving Heraklion (Ηράκλειο), Aghios Nikolaos (Άγιος Νικόλαος), Malia (Mάλλια), Hersonissos (Χερσόνησος), Stalida (Σταλίδα), Elounda (Ελούντα) and other resorts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Lake Billy Chinook Airport", "paragraph_text": "Lake Billy Chinook Airport, also known as Lake Billy Chinook State Airport, is a public use airport located six nautical miles (7 mi, 11 km) west of the central business district of Culver, a city in Jefferson County, Oregon, United States. The airport is privately owned, despite the name which might give the impression that it was owned by the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Hartsfield -- Jackson Atlanta International Airport (IATA: ATL, ICAO: KATL, FAA LID: ATL), also known as Atlanta Airport, Hartsfield, or Hartsfield -- Jackson, is an international airport located 7 miles (11 km) south of Atlanta's central business district, in the U.S. state of Georgia. It has been the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998; and by number of landings and take - offs from 2005 to 2013, losing that title to Chicago - O'Hare in 2014, but regaining it a year later. Hartsfield -- Jackson held its ranking as the world's busiest airport in 2012, both in passengers and number of flights, by accommodating 100 million passengers (more than 260,000 passengers daily) and 950,119 flights. Many of the nearly one million flights are domestic flights from within the United States, where the airport serves as a major hub for travel throughout the southeastern region of the country. The airport has 207 domestic and international gates. ATL covers 4,700 acres (1,902 ha) of land and has five parallel runways.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "Orly Airport, located in the southern suburbs of Paris, replaced Le Bourget as the principal airport of Paris from the 1950s to the 1980s. Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France. Beauvais-Tillé Airport, located 69 km (43 mi) north of Paris' city centre, is used by charter airlines and low-cost carriers such as Ryanair.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010. Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010. Between the two, six airlines operate in Oklahoma. In terms of traffic, R. L. Jones Jr. (Riverside) Airport in Tulsa is the state's busiest airport, with 335,826 takeoffs and landings in 2008. In total, Oklahoma has over 150 public-use airports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Yinchuan Hedong International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Yinchuan Hedong International Airport is the primary airport serving Yinchuan, the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It is located southeast of downtown Yinchuan in the town of Linghe of Lingwu City. A relatively small airport compared to many airports in China, it nevertheless is the autonomous region's main aviation gateway. Its name \"Hedong\" literally means \"East of the River\" and derives from the airport's location east of the Yellow River. It is connected to over 20 cities by either direct flights, or transferring in Xi'an and Beijing. The terminal building covers a total area of . In 2013, the airport handled 4,247,843 passengers, making it the 39th-busiest airport in China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Mohammed V International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Mohammed V International Airport (; , ; Berber: ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵯⵣ ⴰⴳⵔⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵡⵙ5; ) is an international airport serving Casablanca, Morocco. Located in Nouaceur Province, it is operated by ONDA (). With just under 8 million passengers passing through the airport in 2014, it was the busiest airport in Morocco and the fourth busiest in Africa. In August 2014, ONDA reported a year-on-year increase of 7.28% passenger traffic, to 918,238. The airport serves as hub for Royal Air Maroc, Jetairfly, Air Arabia Maroc and RAM Express. It is named after King Mohammed V of Morocco.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "List of busiest airports in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom, an island country, is home to many of Europe's largest and busiest airports. London - Heathrow, which handles over 75 million international passengers annually, is the largest airport in the UK. London serves as the largest aviation hub in the world by passenger traffic, with six international airports, handling over 163 million passengers in 2016, more than any other city. London's second - busiest airport, London - Gatwick, was until 2016 the world's busiest single - runway airport. Manchester Airport is the United Kingdom's third - busiest airport. London - Stansted and London - Luton are the fourth - and fifth - busiest airports, respectively.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the United States Department of Transportation named IAH the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States. The Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center stands on the George Bush Intercontinental Airport grounds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Casablanca", "paragraph_text": "Casablanca's main airport is Mohammed V International Airport, Morocco's busiest airport. Regular domestic flights serve Marrakech, Rabat, Agadir, Oujda, Tangier, Al Hoceima, and Laayoune, as well as other cities.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130739, "question": "What state is KOFI located?", "answer": "Montana", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 39558, "question": "What is the name of the busiest airport in #1 ?", "answer": "Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "David H. Scofield", "paragraph_text": "David H. Scofield (December 12, 1840 – September 30, 1905) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan’s Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Battle of Tom's Brook", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Tom's Brook was fought on October 9, 1864, in Shenandoah County, Virginia, during Philip Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign of the American Civil War. It resulted in a significant Union victory, one that was mockingly dubbed The Woodstock Races for the speed of the Confederate withdrawal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Daniel P. Reigle", "paragraph_text": "Daniel P. Reigle (February 19, 1841 – March 19, 1917) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan’s Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Battle of Olustee", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Olustee or Battle of Ocean Pond was fought in Baker County, Florida on February 20, 1864, during the American Civil War. It was the only major battle fought in Florida during the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun. Delegates from some Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, although they included many secessionist counties in the new state. West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key border state during the war. West Virginia was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state, the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts, and was one of two states admitted to the Union during the American Civil War (the other being Nevada). While a portion of its residents held slaves, most of the residents were yeomen farmers, and the delegates provided for gradual abolition of slavery in the new state constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ira Hough", "paragraph_text": "Ira Hough (July 2, 1842 – October 18, 1916) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry when he captured an enemy flag during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "John W. Blunt", "paragraph_text": "John W. Blunt (May 5, 1840 – January 21, 1910) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Juan Ibarrola", "paragraph_text": "Juan Ibarrola Orueta (1900 in Llodio, Álava – 1976) was a Spanish military commander who fought with the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War. He was a captain of the Civil Guard (\"Guardia Civil\"); unlike many of his fellow officers he rallied to the Republic when the Nationalist rising began. Featured in the war in Morocco, the coup d'état of July 1936 that led to the Civil War he was captain of the Guardia Civil in Bilbao and took command of a column to expel the rebels from the province of Álava without success.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "George G. Moore", "paragraph_text": "George G. Moore (July 2, 1844 – November 26, 1925) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Fisher's Hill near Strasburg, Virginia fought September 21–22, 1864. The battle was one of the engagements of the Valley Campaigns of 1864.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Spain", "paragraph_text": "The Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936. For three years the Nationalist forces led by General Francisco Franco and supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy fought the Republican side, which was supported by the Soviet Union, Mexico and International Brigades but it was not supported by the Western powers due to the British-led policy of non-intervention. The civil war was viciously fought and there were many atrocities committed by all sides. The war claimed the lives of over 500,000 people and caused the flight of up to a half-million citizens from the country. In 1939, General Franco emerged victorious and became a dictator.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Battle of Fairfield", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Fairfield was a cavalry engagement during the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War. It was fought July 3, 1863, near Fairfield, Pennsylvania, concurrently with the Battle of Gettysburg, although it was not a formal part of that battle. While a minor fight by the small number of troops deployed, strategically, the Confederate victory secured the important Hagerstown Road, which Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia would use on July 5 to return to Maryland and then on to safety in Virginia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Birdwood (Charlottesville, Virginia)", "paragraph_text": "Birdwood is a historic home located on the grounds of the University of Virginia's Birdwood Golf Course near Charlottesville, Albemarle County, Virginia. It is a two-story, brick plantation house built between 1819 and 1830. The main house is a square, double-pile, central-passage plan house with four rooms on each floor and an entry portico supported by four monumental Doric order columns. A massive Colonial Revival addition was built in the early-20th century. Also on the property are a two-room stone plantation quarters, a stable and garage, and a distinctive lighthouse-shaped water tower, and traces of the late 19th or early-20th century ornamental gardens that include sculpture and an elaborate iron and fieldstone gate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Virginia in the American Civil War", "paragraph_text": "Most of the battles in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War took place in Virginia because the Confederacy had to defend its national capital at Richmond, and public opinion in the North demanded that the Union move ``On to Richmond! ''The successes of Robert E. Lee in defending Richmond are a central theme of the military history of the war. The White House of the Confederacy, located a few blocks north of the State Capitol, was home to the family of Confederate leader Jefferson Davis.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Martin Wambsgan", "paragraph_text": "Martin Wambsgan (August 19, 1839 – January 17, 1911) was a German born Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mason Carter", "paragraph_text": "Mason Carter (January 26, 1834 – December 11, 1909) was a U.S. Army officer who served in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars during the late 19th century. He received the Medal of Honor for his role in the Battle of Bear Paw fought on January 8, 1877.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cold Harbor, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Cold Harbor is an unincorporated community in Hanover County, Virginia. The Battle of Cold Harbor was fought in the area in 1864, during the American Civil War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Charles Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Charles Griffin (December 18, 1825 – September 15, 1867) was a career officer in the United States Army and a Union general in the American Civil War. He rose to command a corps in the Army of the Potomac and fought in many of the key campaigns in the Eastern Theater.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "David Gardiner Tyler", "paragraph_text": "Although born in New York, he went to school in Virginia and fought in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. After attending college in Germany and Virginia, he became a lawyer. He later served in the Virginia State Senate, as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia's second congressional district, and as a Virginia Circuit Court judge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "John Morrison Oliver", "paragraph_text": "John Morrison Oliver (September 6, 1828 – March 30, 1872) was a Union general during the American Civil War. He fought in many of the battles involving the Army of the Tennessee, occasionally commanding a brigade.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Christopher C. Bruton", "paragraph_text": "Christopher C. Bruton (or Braton) (1841–1867) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Waynesboro, Virginia fought on March 2, 1865. It was the final battle for Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early, whose force was destroyed.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 86911, "question": "where was the civil war fought in virginia", "answer": "Richmond", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 39734, "question": "How many square kilometers was #1 at the start of the 20th century?", "answer": "13", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ozarks", "paragraph_text": "The Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic region in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The Ozarks cover a significant portion of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, extending from Interstate 40 in Arkansas to the suburbs of St. Louis. A portion of the Ozarks extends into northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Carnival", "paragraph_text": "Tarragona has one of the region's most complete ritual sequences. The events start with the building of a huge barrel and ends with its burning with the effigies of the King and Queen. On Saturday, the main parade takes place with masked groups, zoomorphic figures, music and percussion bands, and groups with fireworks (the devils, the dragon, the ox, the female dragon). Carnival groups stand out for their clothes full of elegance, showing brilliant examples of fabric crafts, at the Saturday and Sunday parades. About 5,000 people are members of the parade groups.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "West Branch Warner River", "paragraph_text": "The West Branch of the Warner River is a river located in central New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Warner River, part of the Contoocook River (and ultimately Merrimack River) watershed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Contoocook Lake", "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Montauk, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Montauk is an unincorporated community in southwestern Dent County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Route 119, on the Current River and is in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Montauk State Park, famed for its rainbow and brown trout, is here.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ozark (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Bateman portrays financial planner Marty Byrde, and Laura Linney portrays his wife, a homemaker turned real estate agent Wendy Byrde. Marty suddenly relocates the family from a Chicago suburb to a summer resort community in the Missouri Ozarks after a money laundering scheme goes wrong, and he must pay off a debt to a Mexican drug lord. The series was renewed for a 10 - episode second season on August 15, 2017.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Alatna River", "paragraph_text": "The river is very popular for float trips due to its calm flow and wonderful scenery. Float trips usually take from four to fourteen days, depending on put-in spot and pick-up spot, and also weather/river conditions. One common place to put in is Circle Lake, a small lake which is float plane accessible and is located in a beautiful part of the valley. Another place to put in is Takahula Lake, a larger, float-plane accessible lake, further downstream from Circle Lake. Gaedeke Lake is also a possible put in spot, but according to the \"Alaska River Guide\", this upstream section near the headwaters of the river is shallow and rocky making portaging or lining necessary. Most floaters take out at the village of Allakaket.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "North Branch Contoocook River", "paragraph_text": "The North Branch of the Contoocook River is a river located in southwestern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Contoocook River, part of the Merrimack River watershed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bradford, New Hampshire", "paragraph_text": "Bradford is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,650 at the 2010 census. The main village of the town, where 356 people resided at the 2010 census, is defined as the Bradford census-designated place (CDP), and is located in the northeast part of the town, west of the junction of New Hampshire routes 103 and 114. The town also includes the village of Bradford Center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Lake of the Ozarks", "paragraph_text": "The Lake of the Ozarks is a large reservoir created by impounding the Osage River in the northern part of the Ozarks in central Missouri. Extents of three smaller tributaries to the Osage are included in the impoundment: the Niangua River, Grandglaize Creek, and Gravois Creek. The lake has a surface area of 54,000 acres (220 km) and 1,150 miles (1,850 km) of shoreline, and the main channel of the Osage Arm stretches 92 miles (148 km) from end to end. The total drainage area is over 14,000 square miles (36,000 km). The lake's serpentine shape has earned it the nickname ``The Magic Dragon '', which has in turn inspired the names of local institutions such as The Magic Dragon Street Meet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Greensburg (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Greensburg is an American television series broadcast on the Planet Green television network. The show takes place in Greensburg, Kansas, and is about rebuilding the town in a sustainable way after being hit by the May 2007 EF5 tornado.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Fowler River", "paragraph_text": "The Fowler River is a river located in central New Hampshire in the United States. It is an inflow to Newfound Lake, part of the Pemigewasset River and therefore Merrimack River watersheds. Below Bog Brook, the Fowler River is subject to the New Hampshire Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Combs, Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "Combs is an unincorporated community in southern Madison County, Arkansas, United States. It is located on Arkansas Highway 16 at the southern terminus of AR 295. The community is within the Ozark-St. Francis National Forest and just south of the upper White River. The community of Brashears is about two miles east on route 16.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Two Thousand Acres of Sky", "paragraph_text": "The show takes place on the fictional island of Ronansay off the coast of Skye. The actual filming location was the sea - side village of Port Logan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Lindenstraße", "paragraph_text": "Lindenstraße (literally \"Lime Street\") is a German television drama series, broadcast by Das Erste. The first episode aired on 8 December 1985 and since then new episodes have been broadcast weekly. Its current timeslot on Das Erste is Sundays at 18:50. The events of the Sunday episode usually take place on the Thursday before the show. This is a result of the original plan having been to show each episode on a Thursday night. Before the start of the series the programme's timeslot was switched to Sunday evening, but Thursday remained the day on which the events are normally shown as taking place, because the original concept of dramatizing the events of daily life as experienced by a group of characters on an ordinary weekday has continued unchanged. Exceptions are the so-called holiday episodes where the events take place on such special occasions as Christmas and Easter; also on important election days (especially general elections to the German Bundestag).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Vishram Ghat", "paragraph_text": "Vishram Ghat is a ghat, a bath and worship place, on the banks of river Yamuna in Mathura, India. It is the main ghat of Mathura and is central to 25 other ghats. The traditional parikrama starts and ends at Vishram Ghat. Lord Krishna is said to have rested at this place after killing Kansa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Foil, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Foil is an unincorporated community in northern Ozark County. It is about sixteen miles south of Ava on county roads 953 and 955. Wasola is about four miles northeast on Missouri Route 5 and Thornfield is about three miles southwest on Missouri Route JJ. The community is on the banks of Little Creek, a tributary of Little North Fork White River.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "This Old House", "paragraph_text": "The show was inspired by a similar feature in This Old House Magazine. It takes place in ``the loft ''of a rural barn somewhere in the Boston area. The regulars on the show are O'Connor, Tom Silva, Richard Trethewey, Roger Cook and Scott Caron. Norm Abram does not appear on Ask This Old House.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Meramec River", "paragraph_text": "The Meramec River (/ ˈmɛrɪmæk /) is one of the longest free - flowing waterways in Missouri, draining 3,980 square miles (10,300 km) while wandering 218 miles (351 km) from headwaters near Salem to where it empties into the Mississippi River near St. Louis at Arnold and Oakville. The Meramec watershed covers six Missouri Ozark Highland counties -- Dent, Phelps, Crawford, Franklin, Jefferson, and St. Louis -- and portions of eight others -- Maries, Gasconade, Iron, Washington, Reynolds, St. Francois, Ste. Genevieve, and Texas. Between its source and its mouth, it falls 1,025 feet (312 m). Year - round navigability begins above Maramec Spring, just south of St. James. The Meramec's size increases at the confluence of the Dry Fork, and its navigability continues until the river enters the Mississippi at Arnold, Missouri.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Caddo", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Caddo historically lived in the Piney Woods ecoregion of the United States, divided among the state regions of East Texas, southern Arkansas, western Louisiana, and southeastern Oklahoma. This region extends up to the foothills of the Ozarks. The Piney Woods are a dense forest of deciduous and pinophyta flora covering rolling hills, steep river valleys, and intermittent wetlands called ``bayous ''. Caddo people primarily settled near the Caddo River.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 58096, "question": "where does the show the ozarks take place", "answer": "Missouri", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 65406, "question": "where does the merrimack river start in #1", "answer": "near Salem", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "BRICS", "paragraph_text": "In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year. South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being formally invited by China to join and subsequently accepted by other BRIC countries. The group was renamed BRICS – with the \"S\" standing for South Africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership. In April 2011, the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, attended the 2011 BRICS summit in Sanya, China, as a full member.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Thuringia", "paragraph_text": "The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period. Their origin is not completely known. An older theory claimed that they were successors of the Hermunduri, but later research rejected the idea. Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of the Huns, came to central Europe together with them, and lived before in what is Galicia today. Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus first mentioned the Thuringii around 400; during that period, the Thuringii were famous for their excellent horses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Greeks", "paragraph_text": "In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom. This myth is connected with a task that can never be fulfilled (Sisyphos) and the name can be derived from the PIE root *danu: \"river\". There is not any satisfactory theory on their origin. Some scholars connect Danaans with the Denyen, one of the groups of the sea peoples who attacked Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III (1187-1156 BCE). The same inscription mentions the Weshesh who might have been the Achaeans. The Denyen seem to have been inhabitants of the city Adana in Cilicia. Pottery similar to that of Mycenae itself has been found in Tarsus of Cilicia and it seems that some refugees from the Aegean went there after the collapse of the Mycenean civilization. These Cilicians seem to have been called Dananiyim, the same word as Danaoi who attacked Egypt in 1191 BC along with the Quaouash (or Weshesh) who may be Achaeans. They were also called Danuna according to a Hittite inscription and the same name is mentioned in the Amarna letters. Julius Pokorny reconstructs the name from the PIE root da:-: \"flow, river\", da:-nu: \"any moving liquid, drops\", da: navo \"people living by the river, Skyth. nomadic people (in Rigveda water-demons, fem.Da:nu primordial goddess), in Greek Danaoi, Egypt. Danuna\". It is also possible that the name Danaans is pre-Greek. A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt from Amenophis III (1390-1352 BC), Thutmosis III (1437 BC).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bebe Cool", "paragraph_text": "Bebe Cool (born 1 September 1977) (real name Moses Ssali) is a top African reggae and ragga musician from Uganda. He started his career around 1997 in Nairobi, Kenya, but a few years later he moved back to his native country. Bebe Cool was one of the first artists affiliated with Ogopa DJs, a production house and record label in Kenya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kingdom of Butua", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Butua or Butwa (c. 1450 - 1683) was a pre-colonial African state located in what is now southwestern Zimbabwe. Butua was renowned as the source of gold for Arab and Portuguese traders. The region was first mentioned in Portuguese records in 1512.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Nebaioth", "paragraph_text": "Nebaioth (Hebrew נְבָיוֹת) is mentioned at least five times in the Hebrew Bible according to which he was the firstborn son of Ishmael, and the name appears as the name of one of the wilderness tribes mentioned in the Book of Genesis 25:13, and in the Book of Isaiah 60:7.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "It takes a village", "paragraph_text": "The proverb has been attributed to African cultures. In 2016, NPR decided to research the origins of the proverb, and concluded it was unable to pinpoint its origins, though academics said the proverb nevertheless holds the true spirits of some African cultures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Blitz", "paragraph_text": "Some writers claim the Air Staff ignored a critical lesson, however: British morale did not break. Targeting German morale, as Bomber Command would do, was no more successful. Aviation strategists dispute that morale was ever a major consideration for Bomber Command. Throughout 1933–39 none of the 16 Western Air Plans drafted mentioned morale as a target. The first three directives in 1940 did not mention civilian populations or morale in any way. Morale was not mentioned until the ninth wartime directive on 21 September 1940. The 10th directive in October 1940 mentioned morale by name. However, industrial cities were only to be targeted if weather denied strikes on Bomber Command's main concern, oil.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hereditary spastic paraplegia", "paragraph_text": "The disease was first mentioned in 1876 by Adolph Seeligmüller, a German neurologist, who described a family of four affected children with spasticity. Further cases were described in 1883 by Adolph Strümpell, a German neurologist. Those cases were described more extensively in 1888 by Maurice Lorrain, a French physician. Due to their contribution in describing the disease, it is still named Strümpell-Lorrain disease in French speaking countries. The term \"hereditary spastic paraplegia\" was coined by Anita Harding in 1983.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Paramun", "paragraph_text": "Paramun () is a village in Tran Municipality, Pernik Province. It is located in western Bulgaria, 66 km from the capital city of Sofia and 14 km from the town of Tran, near the Serbian border. The toponym is of Byzantine Greek origin, from the loanword \"paramun\" meaning \"guard, watch, sentry\". It was rendered as παραμονή in Greek and was retained in medieval Serbian as . The name was first mentioned in 1451 and 1453.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Krásna Hôrka Castle", "paragraph_text": "The Krásna Hôrka Castle (, ) is a castle in Slovakia, built on a hilltop overlooking the village of Krásnohorské Podhradie near Rožňava, in Košice Region. The first recorded mention of the castle was in 1333. In 1961 Krásna Hôrka was designated a National Cultural Monument of the Slovak Republic. It was said to be one of the country's best-preserved", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Annurca", "paragraph_text": "'Annurca', pronounced in Italy , also called 'Anurka', is a historically old cultivar of domesticated apple native to Southern Italy, It is believed to be the one mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his \"Naturalis Historia\", and in the 16th century by Gian Battista della Porta. However it was first mentioned by this name by Giuseppe Antonio Pasquale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "paragraph_text": "When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier). Dias called the cape Cabo das Tormentas (``Cape of Storms ''; Dutch: Stormkaap), which was the original name of the`` Cape of Good Hope''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Belarus", "paragraph_text": "The name \"Rus\" is often conflated with its Latin forms \"Russia\" and \"Ruthenia\", thus Belarus is often referred to as \"White Russia\" or \"White Ruthenia\". The name first appeared in German and Latin medieval literature; the chronicles of Jan of Czarnków mention the imprisonment of Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila and his mother at \"\" in 1381. In some languages, including German, Afrikaans and Dutch, the country is generally called \"White Russia\" to this day (' and ' respectively).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "My Name Is Earl (season 4)", "paragraph_text": "My Name Is Earl (season 4) DVD cover Country of origin United States No. of episodes 27 Release Original network NBC Original release September 25, 2008 -- May 14, 2009 Season chronology ← Previous Season 3 List of My Name Is Earl episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Batariel", "paragraph_text": "Batriel, Batârêl (Aramaic: מטראל, Greek: Βατριήλ) was the 12th Watcher of the 20 leaders of the 200 fallen angels that are mentioned in an ancient work called the Book of Enoch. The name is generally believed to be \"valley of God\" bathar-el and Babylonian in origin. Michael Knibb lists the translation for this Angel based on the Ethiopic Book of Enoch as \"Rain of God\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Gabon Airlines", "paragraph_text": "Gabon Airlines is the name of two incarnations of Gabonese airline, headquartered in Libreville. The first incarnation of Gabon Airlines which was operated from 2007 to 2012, concentrating on African and European flight services out of Libreville International Airport. In April 2015, the second incarnation of Gabon Airlines is due to redeveloped as a flag carrier, replacing the original Air Gabon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159025, "question": "What African country is mentioned first?", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 87981, "question": "what is the original name of #1", "answer": "Union of South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "Football is largely considered the Nigeria's national sport and the country has its own Premier League of football. Nigeria's national football team, known as the \"Super Eagles\", has made the World Cup on five occasions 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, and most recently in 2014. In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked 5th in the FIFA World Rankings, the highest ranking achieved by an African football team. They won the African Cup of Nations in 1980, 1994, and 2013, and have also hosted the U-17 & U-20 World Cup. They won the gold medal for football in the 1996 Summer Olympics (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic Football.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Kabaddi in India", "paragraph_text": "India has won all six Kabaddi world cups played till now. Iran is the three times runner - up of world cups. All the world cups were held in India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final was a women's association football match that took place on 5 July 2015 at BC Place, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, to determine the winner of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. It was played between Japan and the United States, in a rematch of the 2011 final. The stakes were high for both sides: if the United States won the match, it would be the only country to have won in three Women's World Cup finals; if Japan had won instead, then it would be the first football team, men's or women's, to win twice under the same coach (Norio Sasaki for Japan) since Vittorio Pozzo led Italy to victory in the 1934 World Cup and the 1938 World Cup. Ultimately, the United States won 5–2, winning its first title in 16 years and becoming the first team to win three Women's World Cup finals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "1950 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 1950 FIFA World Cup, held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950, was the fourth FIFA World Cup. It was the first World Cup since 1938, the planned 1942 and 1946 competitions having been cancelled due to World War II. It was won by Uruguay, who had won the inaugural competition in 1930. They clinched the cup by beating the hosts Brazil 2–1 in the deciding match of the four-team final group. This was the only tournament not decided by a one-match final. It was also the first tournament where the trophy was referred to as the Jules Rimet Cup, to mark the 25th anniversary of Jules Rimet's presidency of FIFA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "2013 Women's Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Women's Cricket World Cup was the tenth Women's Cricket World Cup, which was hosted by India for the third time. India previously hosted the World Cup in 1978 and 1997. Australia won the tournament for the sixth time, beating West Indies by 114 runs in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "In Brazil, the Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal) is the highest court. It is both the constitutional court and the court of last resort in Brazilian law. It only reviews cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases. It also judges, in original jurisdiction, cases involving members of congress, senators, ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic. The Superior Court of Justice (Tribunal Superior de Justiça) reviews State and Federal Circuit courts decisions for civil law and criminal law cases, when dealing with federal law or conflicting rulings. The Superior Labour Tribunal (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) reviews cases involving labour law. The Superior Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) is the court of last resort of electoral law, and also oversees general elections. The Superior Military Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Militar) is the highest court in matters of federal military law.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Japan", "paragraph_text": "Baseball is currently the most popular spectator sport in the country. Japan's top professional league, now known as Nippon Professional Baseball, was established in 1936 and is widely considered to be the highest level of professional baseball in the world outside of the North American Major Leagues. Since the establishment of the Japan Professional Football League in 1992, association football has also gained a wide following. Japan was a venue of the Intercontinental Cup from 1981 to 2004 and co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup with South Korea. Japan has one of the most successful football teams in Asia, winning the Asian Cup four times. Also, Japan recently won the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2011. Golf is also popular in Japan, as are forms of auto racing like the Super GT series and Formula Nippon. The country has produced one NBA player, Yuta Tabuse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 21 World Cup tournaments have been won by eight national teams. Brazil have won five times, and they are the only team to have played in every tournament. The other World Cup winners are Germany and Italy, with four titles each; Argentina, France and inaugural winner Uruguay, with two titles each; and England and Spain with one title each.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2008 World Cup (men's golf)", "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Omega Mission Hills World Cup took place from 27 November to 30 November at Mission Hills Golf Club in Shenzhen, China. It was the 54th World Cup. 28 countries competed and each country sent two players. The team purse was $5,000,000 with $1,600,000 going to the winner. The Swedish team of Robert Karlsson and Henrik Stenson won the tournament. This was the second time that Sweden won the World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893. They entered the First Division in 1904, and have since accumulated the second most points. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1988 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Craig Watson (triathlete)", "paragraph_text": "Watson competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took sixteenth place with a total time of 1:50:01.16. In 2001 he placed 3rd at the World Championships at Edmonton, Canada. He also won the ITU World Cup race in Rennes, France and for a time was ranked number one in the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mexico national football team", "paragraph_text": "Mexico has qualified to sixteen World Cups and has qualified consecutively since 1994, making it one of six countries to do so. The Mexico national team, along with Brazil are the only two nations to make it out of the group stage over the last seven World Cups. Along with Germany, Brazil, Italy, Argentina, France, Spain and Uruguay, Mexico is one of eight nations to have won two of the three most important football tournaments (the World Cup, Confederations Cup, and Summer Olympics), having won the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2012 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2002 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2002 FIFA World Cup was the 17th staging of the FIFA World Cup which took place from 31 May to 30 June 2002 in South Korea and Japan. This world cup set a number of precedents. It was the first World Cup to be held in Asia. No previous World Cup was held on a continent other than Europe or the Americas. It was also the first World Cup to be jointly hosted by more than one nation. Finally, this was the last event to use the golden goal rule. Brazil won the tournament for a record fifth time, winning the final against Germany 2 -- 0. The victory meant Brazil qualified for the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup for the fifth time, representing the World. In the third place play - off match against South Korea, Turkey won 3 -- 2 taking third place in only their second ever FIFA World Cup finals. China PR, Ecuador, Senegal and Slovenia made their first appearances at the finals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (18), and they were the first club to reach 8 League Championships. They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, 12. The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015. Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup \"Doubles\" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999). They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993. Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Liverpool F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Liverpool's first trophy was the Lancashire League, which it won in the club's first season. In 1901, the club won its first League title, while its first success in the FA Cup was in 1965. In terms of the number of trophies won, Liverpool's most successful decade was the 1980s, when the club won six League titles, two FA Cups, four League Cups, five Charity Shields (one shared) and two European Cups.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Under-19 Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The ICC Under - 19 Cricket World Cup is an international cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) contested by national under - 19 teams. First contested in 1988, as the Youth World Cup, it was not staged again until 1998. Since then, the World Cup has been held as a biennial event, organised by the ICC. The first edition of the tournament had only eight participants, but every subsequent edition has included sixteen teams. India, the current champions, has won the World Cup four times which is the highest amongst all teams, while Australia has won thrice, Pakistan twice and England, South Africa, and the West Indies once each. Two other teams -- New Zealand and Sri Lanka -- have made a tournament final without going on to win.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The World Cup is open to all members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), although the highest - ranking teams receive automatic qualification. The remaining teams are determined via the World Cricket League and the ICC World Cup Qualifier. A total of twenty teams have competed in the eleven editions of the tournament, with fourteen competing in the latest edition in 2015; the next edition in 2019 will have only ten teams. Australia has won the tournament five times, with the West Indies, India (twice each), Pakistan and Sri Lanka (once each) also having won the tournament. The best performance by a non-full - member team came when Kenya made the semi-finals of the 2003 tournament. The tournament is the worlds 4th biggest sporting event behind the FIFA World Cup, Summer Olympics and the Rugby World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Laura Aladro", "paragraph_text": "María Laura Aladro (born 17 January 1983) is an Argentine field hockey player. She won the 2010 World Cup with the Argentina national team. Laura also won three Champions Trophy (2009, 2010, 2014), the World League 2014-15 and the Pan American Cup in 2009.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the Privy Council. On the other hand, in some places the court named the \"Supreme Court\" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales, which are all superseded by higher Courts of Appeal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Italy v West Germany (1970 FIFA World Cup)", "paragraph_text": "The semi-final of the 1970 FIFA World Cup between Italy and West Germany is known as the \"Game of the Century\" (Spanish: Partido del Siglo; Italian: Partita del secolo; German: Jahrhundertspiel). It was played on 17 June 1970 at the Estadio Azteca in Mexico City. Italy won 4–3 after five goals were scored in extra time, a record number of scored goals during any 2x15 minute extra time during a FIFA World Cup game. The record is still standing after the 2018 World Cup. Four goals in extra time were scored in the 1982 semifinal between West Germany and France.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 64129, "question": "who won the most number of world cups", "answer": "Brazil", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 25092, "question": "What is the highest court in #1 ?", "answer": "Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal)", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Government of Australia", "paragraph_text": "Twelve Senators from each state are elected for six-year terms, using proportional representation and the single transferable vote (known in Australia as \"quota-preferential voting\": see Australian electoral system), with half elected every three years. In addition to the state Senators, two senators are elected by voters from the Northern Territory (which for this purpose includes the Indian Ocean Territories, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands), while another two senators are elected by the voters of the Australian Capital Territory (which for this purpose includes the Jervis Bay Territory). Senators from the territories are also elected using preferential voting, but their term of office is not fixed; it starts on the day of a general election for the House of Representatives and ends on the day before the next such election.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015", "paragraph_text": "On 30 October 2014, the Abbott Government introduced the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Bill 2014 into the House of Representatives. On 21 November 2014, the Attorney - General Senator George Brandis wrote to the PJCIS, referring the provisions of the Bill for inquiry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Money bill", "paragraph_text": "While the United States of America is not a parliamentary democracy, the Origination Clause of the U.S. Constitution requires that all bills raising revenue originate in the House of Representatives, consistent with British constitutional practice; by convention, appropriation bills (bills that spend money) also originate in the House. Unlike in most Westminster systems, there are no limits on the Senate's ability to amend revenue bills or any requirement for the Senate to approve such bills within a certain timeframe. Both appropriations and revenue bills are often referred to as money bills to contrast them with authorization bills. The U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Munoz - Flores (1990) held that: ``A law passed in violation of the Origination Clause would thus be no more immune from judicial scrutiny because it was passed by both Houses and signed by the President than would be a law passed in violation of the First Amendment ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Religion in ancient Rome", "paragraph_text": "The Western emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, and against the protests of the senate, removed the altar of Victory from the senate house and began the disestablishment of the Vestals. Theodosius I briefly re-united the Empire: in 391 he officially adopted Nicene Christianity as the Imperial religion and ended official support for all other creeds and cults. He not only refused to restore Victory to the senate-house, but extinguished the Sacred fire of the Vestals and vacated their temple: the senatorial protest was expressed in a letter by Quintus Aurelius Symmachus to the Western and Eastern emperors. Ambrose, the influential Bishop of Milan and future saint, wrote urging the rejection of Symmachus's request for tolerance. Yet Theodosius accepted comparison with Hercules and Jupiter as a living divinity in the panegyric of Pacatus, and despite his active dismantling of Rome's traditional cults and priesthoods could commend his heirs to its overwhelmingly Hellenic senate in traditional Hellenic terms.[clarification needed] He was the last emperor of both East and West.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Henry D. Dement", "paragraph_text": "Henry Dodge Dement (October 10, 1840 - July 13, 1927) was an American politician from Illinois. The son of John Dement and grandson of Henry Dodge, Dement received private schooling until the Civil War broke out. He was discharged in 1863 after attaining the rank of captain with the 13th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Dement was elected to two terms in the Illinois House of Representatives starting in 1870, then two terms in the Illinois Senate, then two terms as Illinois Secretary of State.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tanzania", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009. These bills must now be reconciled. The New York Times provided a comparative summary of the features of the two bills, which address to varying extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration. For instance, the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation, though in the Senate bill regulators have the discretion but not the obligation to prohibit these trades.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Liberia", "paragraph_text": "The Legislature is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The House, led by a speaker, has 73 members apportioned among the 15 counties on the basis of the national census, with each county receiving a minimum of two members. Each House member represents an electoral district within a county as drawn by the National Elections Commission and is elected by a plurality of the popular vote of their district into a six-year term. The Senate is made up of two senators from each county for a total of 30 senators. Senators serve nine-year terms and are elected at-large by a plurality of the popular vote. The vice president serves as the President of the Senate, with a President pro tempore serving in their absence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Origination Clause", "paragraph_text": "The Origination Clause, sometimes called the Revenue Clause, is part of Article I of the United States Constitution. This clause says that all bills for raising revenue must start in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as in the case of other bills.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017", "paragraph_text": "The House passed the penultimate version of the bill on December 19, 2017, though for Senate procedural reasons small changes were needed and a revote was held in the House. The Senate passed the final version on December 20 in a 51 -- 48 vote and that final version was passed by the House of Representatives on that same day. The bill was signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 22, 2017. Most of the changes introduced by the bill went into effect on January 1, 2018 and will not affect 2017 taxes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Allan W. Martin", "paragraph_text": "Allan W. Martin (October 5, 1874 - August 31, 1942) was a Vermont businessman and elected official. A native of Wisconsin, he served as a Republican member of the Vermont House of Representatives for two terms and the Vermont Senate for one.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "John F. Ward", "paragraph_text": "John F. Ward (June 12, 1904 - March 16, 1973) was an American politician from Maine. A Republican from Millinocket, Maine, Ward served three terms in the Maine House of Representatives (1942-1948) and 3 terms in the Maine Senate (1948-1954). He served two terms in the leadership of the Maine House, including as Majority Leader (1944-1946) and as Speaker (1946-1948). During Ward's final term in the Maine Senate, he served as President during the 1954 special session.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Royal assent", "paragraph_text": "In the United Kingdom, a bill is presented for royal assent after it has passed all the required stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Commons may, under certain circumstances, direct that a bill be presented for assent despite lack of passage by the House of Lords. Officially, assent is granted by the sovereign or by Lords Commissioners authorised to act by letters patent. It may be granted in parliament or outside parliament; in the latter case, each house must be separately notified before the bill takes effect.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017", "paragraph_text": "The individual and pass - through tax cuts fade over time and become net tax increases starting in 2027 while the corporate tax cuts are permanent. This enabled the Senate to pass the bill with only 51 votes, without the need to defeat a filibuster, under the budget reconciliation process. The House passed the penultimate version of the bill on December 19, 2017, though for Senate procedural reasons small changes were needed and a revote was held in the House. The Senate passed the final version on December 20 in a 51 -- 48 vote and that final version was passed by the House of Representatives on that same day. The bill was signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 22, 2017. Most of the changes introduced by the bill went into effect on January 1, 2018 and will not affect 2017 taxes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Vice President of the United States", "paragraph_text": "In 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt raised the stature of the office by renewing the practice of inviting the vice president to cabinet meetings, which every president since has maintained. Roosevelt's first vice president, John Nance Garner, broke with him over the ``court - packing issue, early in his second term, and became Roosevelt's leading critic. At the start of that term, on January 20, 1937, Garner had been the first Vice President to be sworn into office on the Capitol steps in the same ceremony with the president; a tradition that continues. Prior to that time, vice presidents were traditionally inaugurated at a separate ceremony in the Senate chamber. Gerald R. Ford and Nelson A. Rockefeller, who were both appointed to the office under the terms of the 25th amendment, were inaugurated in the House and Senate chambers, respectively.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "United States Senate", "paragraph_text": "The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Appropriation bill", "paragraph_text": "According to the Origination Clause of the United States Constitution, all bills for raising revenue, generally tax bills, must originate in the House of Representatives, similar to the Westminster system requirement that all money bills originate in the lower house. Traditionally, though, appropriation bills also originate in the House of Representatives. House appropriations bills begin with ``H.R. '', meaning`` House of Representatives''. In reference to revenue bills, the Constitution also states that the ``Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. ''As with revenue bills, the Senate and House each drafts and considers its own appropriation bill. The Senate then`` cuts - and - pastes,'' substituting the language of its version of a particular appropriation bill for the language of the House bill, then agrees to the bill as amended.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Massachusetts Senate", "paragraph_text": "The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single - member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the ``Cape and Islands ''district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two - year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House, in Boston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "American Health Care Act of 2017", "paragraph_text": "On May 4, 2017, the United States House of Representatives voted to pass the American Health Care Act by a narrow margin of 217 -- 213, sending the bill to the Senate for deliberation. It was passed as a budget reconciliation bill that is part of the 2017 federal budget process; if this status is upheld by the Senate Parliamentarian, then no Senate filibuster will be permitted and passage of the bill in the Senate will require only a simple majority of votes. It would repeal the parts of the Affordable Care Act within the scope of the federal budget, including provisions contained within the Internal Revenue Code such as the ``individual mandates ''(in IRC § 205), employer mandates (in IRC § 206) and various taxes (IRC § 201 et. seq.), and also modifications to the federal Medicaid program (in Sections 111 - 116 and 121).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Connecticut Senate", "paragraph_text": "The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "United States House of Representatives 115th United States Congress Seal of the House Flag of the U.S. House of Representatives Type Type Lower house of the United States Congress Term limits None History New session started January 3, 2017 (2017 - 01 - 03) Leadership Speaker Paul Ryan (R) Since October 29, 2015 Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R) Since August 1, 2014 Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D) Since January 3, 2011 Majority Whip Steve Scalise (R) Since August 1, 2014 Minority Whip Steny Hoyer (D) Since January 3, 2011 Structure Seats 435 voting members 6 non-voting members 218 needed for control Political groups Majority (238) Republican (238) Minority (193) Democratic (193) Vacant (4) Vacant (4) Length of term Two years Elections Voting system First - past - the - post in most states; nonpartisan blanket primary with a majoritarian second round in 3 states Last election November 8, 2016 Next election November 6, 2018 Redistricting State legislatures or redistricting commissions, varies by state Meeting place House of Representatives chamber United States Capitol Washington, D.C., United States Website www.house.gov", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 76169, "question": "do bills start in the house or senate", "answer": "House of Representatives", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 93848, "question": "what is the term of an official in #1", "answer": "Two years", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Moon", "paragraph_text": "The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth, being Earth's only permanent natural satellite. It is the fifth - largest natural satellite in the Solar System, and the largest among planetary satellites relative to the size of the planet that it orbits (its primary). Following Jupiter's satellite Io, the Moon is second - densest satellite among those whose densities are known.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "paragraph_text": "The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Sputnik 2", "paragraph_text": "Sputnik 2 (, , \"Satellite 2\"), or Prosteyshiy Sputnik 2 (PS-2, , \"Elementary Satellite 2\") was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit, on 3 November 1957, and the first to carry a living animal, a Soviet space dog named Laika. Laika survived for several orbits but died a few hours after the launch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Apparent retrograde motion", "paragraph_text": "In Earth's sky, the Sun, Moon, and stars appear to move from east to west because of the rotation of Earth (so - called diurnal motion). However, orbiters such as the Space Shuttle and many artificial satellites appear to move from west to east. These are direct satellites (they actually orbit Earth in the same direction as the Moon), but they orbit Earth faster than Earth itself rotates, and so appear to move in the opposite direction of the Moon. Mars has a natural satellite Phobos, with a similar orbit. From the surface of Mars it appears to move in the opposite direction because its orbital period is less than a Martian day. There are also smaller numbers of truly retrograde artificial satellites orbiting Earth which counter-intuitively appear to move westward, in the same direction as the Moon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "International Space Station", "paragraph_text": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, the last pressurised module was fitted in 2011, and the station is expected to be used until 2028. Development and assembly of the station continues, with components scheduled for launch in 2018 and 2019. The ISS is the largest human - made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays, and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets, and American Space Shuttles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Andover Earth Station", "paragraph_text": "Andover Earth Station was one of the first satellite earth stations, located at Andover in the US state of Maine. It was built by AT&T in 1961 to communicate with the Telstar 1 satellite, the first direct relay communications satellite. It provided the first experimental satellite telephone and television service between North America and Europe. It was also used with the Relay satellite. The station was dismantled in the 1990s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "BeiDou", "paragraph_text": "BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright. The new system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit satellites for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1, and 30 non-geostationary satellites (27 in medium Earth orbit and 3 in inclined geosynchronous orbit), that will offer complete coverage of the globe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Explorer 1", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Earth satellite program began in 1954 as a joint U.S. Army and U.S. Navy proposal, called Project Orbiter, to put a scientific satellite into orbit during the International Geophysical Year. The proposal, using a military Redstone missile, was rejected in 1955 by the Eisenhower administration in favor of the Navy's Project Vanguard, using a booster advertised as more civilian in nature. Following the launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957, the initial Project Orbiter program was revived as the Explorer program to catch up with the Soviet Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Space Race", "paragraph_text": "On January 31, 1958, nearly four months after the launch of Sputnik 1, von Braun and the United States successfully launched its first satellite on a four-stage Juno I rocket derived from the US Army's Redstone missile, at Cape Canaveral. The satellite Explorer 1 was 30.8 pounds (14.0 kg) in mass. It carried a micrometeorite gauge and a Geiger-Müller tube. It passed in and out of the Earth-encompassing radiation belt with its 194-by-1,368-nautical-mile (360 by 2,534 km) orbit, therefore saturating the tube's capacity and proving what Dr. James Van Allen, a space scientist at the University of Iowa, had theorized. The belt, named the Van Allen radiation belt, is a doughnut-shaped zone of high-level radiation intensity around the Earth above the magnetic equator. Van Allen was also the man who designed and built the satellite instrumentation of Explorer 1. The satellite actually measured three phenomena: cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites. The satellite had no memory for data storage, therefore it had to transmit continuously. Two months later in March 1958, a second satellite was sent into orbit with augmented cosmic ray instruments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "International Space Station", "paragraph_text": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest human - made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays, and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets, and American Space Shuttles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "International Space Station", "paragraph_text": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the last pressurised module was fitted in 2011. The station is expected to operate until at least 2028. Development and assembly of the station continues, with components scheduled for launch in 2018 and 2019. The ISS is the largest human - made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays, and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets, and American Space Shuttles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands), and 32-metre multispectral (medium resolution, NIR red, green and red bands) antennas, with a ground receiving station in Abuja. The NigeriaSat-2 spacecraft alone was built at a cost of over £35 million. This satellite was launched into orbit from a military base in China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "STARS-II", "paragraph_text": "Space Tethered Autonomous Robotic Satellite II or STARS-II, was a nanosatellite built by Japan's Kagawa University to test an electrodynamic tether in low Earth orbit, a follow-on to the STARS mission.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Laika", "paragraph_text": "Laika In November 1957, Laika became the first animal launched into Earth orbit, paving the way for human spaceflight during the upcoming years. This photograph shows her in a flight harness. Other name (s) Kudryavka Species Canis lupus familiaris Breed Mongrel, possibly part - husky (or part - Samoyed) and part - terrier Sex Female Laika Лайка c. 1954 Moscow, Soviet Union 3 November 1957 (aged 3) Sputnik 2, in Low Earth orbit Years active 1957 Known for First animal to orbit the Earth Owner Soviet space program Weight 5 kg (11 lb)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Foton-M No.4", "paragraph_text": "Foton-M No.4 was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on 18 July 2014, atop a Soyuz-2-1a carrier rocket. The launch was completed successfully, with the satellite separating from its rocket and beginning data transmission to its controllers. However, after four orbits, it ceased responding to commands issued to it from the ground. As a consequence of this, the spacecraft did not perform an orbit-raising maneuver that had been scheduled to occur shortly after orbital insertion. Satellite control was regained on 26 July by which time some of the microgravity experiments had already begun. On 1 August the head of Roskosmos, Oleg Ostapenko, was quoted as saying that the satellite will fly its entire two-month mission as originally planned, despite the cancellation of the orbit-boosting maneuver. However, all of the experiments completed by 27 August, and the Russian space agency decided to return the spacecraft to Earth on 1 September, two weeks earlier than the original 15 September target landing date.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Satellite", "paragraph_text": "In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. Since then, about 6,600 satellites from more than 40 countries have been launched. According to a 2013 estimate, 3,600 remained in orbit. Of those, about 1,000 were operational; while the rest have lived out their useful lives and become space debris. Approximately 500 operational satellites are in low - Earth orbit, 50 are in medium - Earth orbit (at 20,000 km), and the rest are in geostationary orbit (at 36,000 km). A few large satellites have been launched in parts and assembled in orbit. Over a dozen space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites to the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, a few asteroids, a comet and the Sun.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sputnik 1", "paragraph_text": "Sputnik 1 (/ ˈspʊtnɪk / or / ˈspʌtnɪk /; ``Satellite - 1 '', or`` PS - 1'', Простейший Спутник - 1 or Prosteyshiy Sputnik - 1, ``Elementary Satellite 1 '') was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957, orbiting for three weeks before its batteries died, then silently for two more months before falling back into the atmosphere. It was a 58 cm (23 in) diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. Its radio signal was easily detectable even by radio amateurs, and the 65 ° inclination and duration of its orbit made its flight path cover virtually the entire inhabited Earth. This surprise success precipitated the American Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race, a part of the Cold War. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "ATS-6", "paragraph_text": "ATS - 6 (Applications Technology Satellite - 6) was a NASA experimental satellite, built by Fairchild Space and Electronics Division It has been called the world's first educational satellite as well as world's first experimental Direct Broadcast Satellite as part of the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment between NASA and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was launched May 30, 1974, and decommissioned July 1979. At the time of launch, it was the most powerful telecommunication satellite in orbit. ATS - 6 carried no fewer than 23 different experiments, and introduced several breakthroughs. It was the first 3 - axis stabilized spacecraft in geostationary orbit. It was also the first to use experimentally with some success electric propulsion in geostationary orbit. It also carried several particle physics experiments, including the first heavy ion detector in geostationary orbit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Astérix (satellite)", "paragraph_text": "Astérix, the first French satellite, was launched on November 26, 1965 by a Diamant A rocket from Hammaguir, Algeria. With Astérix, France became the sixth country to have an artificial satellite in orbit after: USSR (Sputnik 1, 1957), the United States (Explorer 1, 1958), the United Kingdom (Ariel 1, 1962), Canada (Alouette 1, 1962) and Italy (San Marco 1, 1964), and the third to launch a satellite on its own (the UK, Canada and Italy's satellites were launched on American rockets). The satellite was originally designated A-1, as the French Army's first satellite, but later renamed after the popular French comics character Astérix. Due to the relatively high altitude of its orbit, it is not expected to re-enter Earth's atmosphere for several centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "BeiDou", "paragraph_text": "Unlike the American GPS, Russian GLONASS, and European Galileo systems, which use medium Earth orbit satellites, BeiDou-1 uses satellites in geostationary orbit. This means that the system does not require a large constellation of satellites, but it also limits the coverage to areas on Earth where the satellites are visible. The area that can be serviced is from longitude 70°E to 140°E and from latitude 5°N to 55°N. A frequency of the system is 2491.75 MHz.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 68764, "question": "who built the first satellite to orbit earth", "answer": "The Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 5539, "question": "When did the RSFSR cease to be a part of #1 ?", "answer": "91", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Alive Inside: A Story of Music and Memory", "paragraph_text": "Alive Inside: A Story of Music and Memory is a 2014 American documentary film directed and produced by Michael Rossato-Bennett. The film premiered in competition category of \"U.S. Documentary Competition program\" at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 18, 2014. It won the Audience Award: U.S. Documentary at the festival. The film deals with the subject of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease and how music therapy can help and ease their suffering. In many chapters of the film Dan Cohen of Music and Memory places music headphones on patients and we see them become very expressive; his pioneering efforts have placed personal music players in nursing homes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles", "paragraph_text": "The ladies' single skating competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The short program took place on 19 February 2014, and the free skating took place on 20 February. Adelina Sotnikova of Russia won the gold medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2014 Japan Super Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2014 Japan Super Series will be the sixth super series tournament of the 2014 BWF Super Series. The tournament took place in Tokyo, Japan from 10–15 June 2014 with a total purse of $250,000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Brazil v Germany (2014 FIFA World Cup)", "paragraph_text": "Brazil v Germany Scene inside Estádio Mineirão, twenty minutes before the start of the match Event 2014 FIFA World Cup Semi-final Brazil Germany 7 Date 8 July 2014 Venue Estádio Mineirão, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Man of the Match Toni Kroos (Germany) Referee Marco Rodríguez (Mexico) Attendance 58,141 Weather Clear night 22 ° C (71 ° F) 51% humidity", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bear Valley, Alpine County, California", "paragraph_text": "Bear Valley is a census-designated place in Alpine County, California. The population was 121 at the 2010 census, down from 133 at the 2000 census. The town is accessible by State Route 4. Bear Valley is within the Stanislaus National Forest. Although inside Alpine County, Bear Valley Fire Department has contracted with California Department of Forestry, San Andreas, for dispatching.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The House of Smiles", "paragraph_text": "The House of Smiles () is a 1991 Italian film directed by Marco Ferreri. It depicts a romance between an old man and an old woman inside a care home.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Old Man of Belem", "paragraph_text": "The Old Man of Belem (Portuguese: \"O Velho do Restelo\") is a 2014 Portuguese-French short film directed by Manoel de Oliveira.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "To Rise Again at a Decent Hour", "paragraph_text": "To Rise Again at a Decent Hour is a novel by the American writer Joshua Ferris. The novel was shortlisted for the 2014 Man Booker Prize and won the 2014 Dylan Thomas Prize.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Didier Drogba", "paragraph_text": "Didier Drogba Drogba playing for Chelsea in 2014 Full name Didier Yves Drogba Tébily Date of birth (1978 - 03 - 11) 11 March 1978 (age 39) Place of birth Abidjan, Ivory Coast Height 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) Playing position Striker Club information Current team Phoenix Rising Number 11 Youth career 1988 -- 1989 Tourcoing 1989 -- 1991 Abbeville 1991 -- 1993 Vannes 1993 -- 1997 Levallois 1997 -- 1998 Le Mans Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 1998 -- 2002 Le Mans 64 (12) 2002 -- 2003 Guingamp 45 (20) 2003 -- 2004 Marseille 35 (19) 2004 -- 2012 Chelsea 226 (100) 2012 -- 2013 Shanghai Shenhua 11 (8) 2013 -- 2014 Galatasaray 37 (15) 2014 -- 2015 Chelsea 28 (4) 2015 -- 2016 Montreal Impact 33 (21) 2017 -- Phoenix Rising 13 (9) National team 2002 -- 2014 Ivory Coast 104 (65) * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 14: 52, 21 October 2017 (UTC).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2014 German Masters", "paragraph_text": "The 2014 German Masters was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 29 January–2 February 2014 at the Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany. It was the seventh ranking event of the 2013/2014 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Freestyle skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's aerials", "paragraph_text": "The women's aerials event in freestyle skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia took place 14 February 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ľubomír Harman", "paragraph_text": "Ľubomír Harman (31 March 1962 – 30 August 2010) was a Slovak mass murderer who on 30 August 2010 killed 7 people, including a family, and wounded 17 more in a densely populated suburb of the Slovak capital Bratislava, before committing suicide after receiving what would have been a fatal wound from the police. After murdering a family of 5 inside a neighbour's flat in a local apartment building, he killed another man from the same family outside the building, proceeding to shoot in a busy street and also targeting people standing on their balconies, killing another woman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Say You Won't Let Go", "paragraph_text": "``Say You Wo n't Let Go ''Single by James Arthur from the album Back from the Edge Released 9 September 2016 (2016 - 09 - 09) Format Digital download Recorded 2016 Genre Pop folk R&B Length 3: 31 Label Columbia Songwriter (s) James Arthur Neil Ormandy Steve Solomon Producer (s) Alex Beitzke Bradley Spence James Arthur singles chronology`` Get Down'' (2014) ``Say You Wo n't Let Go ''(2016)`` Safe Inside'' (2017) ``Get Down ''(2014)`` Say You Wo n't Let Go'' (2016) ``Safe Inside ''(2017) Music video`` Say You Wo n't Let Go'' on YouTube", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Hoback, Wyoming", "paragraph_text": "Hoback is a census-designated place (CDP) in Teton County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 1,176 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Jackson, WY–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area. The town is named for John Hoback, a mountain man who guided the Astor party through the area in 1811.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2014 Australian Goldfields Open", "paragraph_text": "The 2014 Australian Goldfields Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 30 June–6 July 2014 at the Bendigo Stadium in Bendigo, Australia. It was the second ranking event of the 2014/2015 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Edson Martins", "paragraph_text": "Edson Martins (born 4 October 1989 in São Paulo) is a bobsledder from Brazil. He competed for Brazil at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the four-man competition where he placed in 29th position out of 30 teams along with (Edson Bindilatti, Fábio Gonçalves Silva and Odirlei Pessoni).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification", "paragraph_text": "The play-off was contested between Trinidad and Tobago, CONCACAF's fourth-placed team, and Ecuador, CONMEBOL's third-placed team. The draw for the order of legs was held in Zürich on 22 July 2014. Ecuador hosted the first leg on 8 November 2014, and Trinidad and Tobago hosted the second leg on 2 December 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Wanna Come In?", "paragraph_text": "Wanna Come In? is an MTV reality television show. It is a modern reality twist on the legendary play \"Cyrano de Bergerac\". In the show, a two-man team that consists of a \"stud\" and a \"dud\" compete with another \"stud\"/\"dud\" duo to try to win cash prizes. The \"stud\" secretly coaches the \"dud\" by speaking through a hidden microphone while the \"dud\" is on a blind date with a beautiful young woman. Each team goes through several challenges in an effort to get the \"geek\" invited inside the woman's home at the end of the date. If she does not invite her \"dud\" inside, the team loses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Loïc Costerg", "paragraph_text": "Costerg competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for France. He teamed with brakeman Romain Heinrich in the two-man event, finishing 20th, and in the France-1 sled with Florent Ribet, Heinrich and Elly Lefort in the four-man event, finishing 17th.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Dream Life of Balso Snell", "paragraph_text": "The Dream Life of Balso Snell is a 1931 novel by American author Nathanael West. West's first novel, it presents a young man's immature and cynical search for meaning in a series of dreamlike encounters inside the entrails of the Trojan Horse.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 136560, "question": "Which place is Inside Man in?", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 1909, "question": "What was the population of #1 in 2014?", "answer": "8,491,079", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Paul G. Socken", "paragraph_text": "Paul G. Socken (born 1945) is a professor emeritus at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada and a leading scholar on the work of French-Canadian author Gabrielle Roy. He is also the founder of the department of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Charles Scott Sherrington", "paragraph_text": "Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (27 November 1857 – 4 March 1952) was an English neurophysiologist, histologist, bacteriologist, and a pathologist, Nobel laureate and president of the Royal Society in the early 1920s. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, in 1932 for their work on the functions of neurons. Prior to the work of Sherrington and Adrian, it was widely accepted that reflexes occurred as isolated activity within a reflex arc. Sherrington received the prize for showing that reflexes require integrated activation and demonstrated reciprocal innervation of muscles (Sherrington's law). Through his seminal 1906 publication, \"The Integrative Action of the Nervous System\", he had effectively laid to rest the theory that the nervous system, including the brain, can be understood as a single interlinking network. His alternative explanation of synaptic communication between neurons helped shape our understanding of the central nervous system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "MP3", "paragraph_text": "A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Riemann integral", "paragraph_text": "In the branch of mathematics known as real analysis, the Riemann integral, created by Bernhard Riemann, was the first rigorous definition of the integral of a function on an interval. It was presented to the faculty at the University of Göttingen in 1854, but not published in a journal until 1868. For many functions and practical applications, the Riemann integral can be evaluated by the fundamental theorem of calculus or approximated by numerical integration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Suez Crisis very publicly exposed Britain's limitations to the world and confirmed Britain's decline on the world stage, demonstrating that henceforth it could no longer act without at least the acquiescence, if not the full support, of the United States. The events at Suez wounded British national pride, leading one MP to describe it as \"Britain's Waterloo\" and another to suggest that the country had become an \"American satellite\". Margaret Thatcher later described the mindset she believed had befallen the British political establishment as \"Suez syndrome\", from which Britain did not recover until the successful recapture of the Falkland Islands from Argentina in 1982.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Szlachta", "paragraph_text": "The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy, in Poland the reverse process occurred: the nobility actually gained power at the expense of the king, and the political system evolved into an oligarchy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "CIMJ-FM", "paragraph_text": "CIMJ-FM, or Magic 106.1, is a Canadian radio station based in Guelph, Ontario, in the Kitchener-Waterloo market. Its sister station is CJOY. Its transmitter is located in Puslinch, between the Waterloo Region and Guelph.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "BusPlus", "paragraph_text": "BusPlus is the payment method for the GSP Belgrade, Belgrade tram system, Lasta Beograd (only in public transport in Belgrade) and BG TRAIN. It is a thin, plastic card on which the customer electronically loads fares. The BusPlus is managed by company Apex Technology Solutions. Public authorities state that BusPlus was implemented to increase the revenue of the public transit authority and to improve the public transport system by getting better information on usage. Reports from September 2012 have indicated that the overall revenue has increased, but some aspects of integration have been criticized by public. System is installed by Kentkart, an automatic fare collection system integrator company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "European Central Bank", "paragraph_text": "However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is for wealthy member countries to guarantee or purchase the debt of countries that have defaulted or are likely to default. This alternative requires that the tax revenues and credit of the wealthy member countries be used to refinance the previous borrowing of the weaker member countries, and is politically controversial.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Windows 8", "paragraph_text": "New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security Essentials). SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls. Windows 8 also provides integrated system recovery through the new \"Refresh\" and \"Reset\" functions, including system recovery from USB drive. Windows 8's first security patches would be released on November 13, 2012; it would contain three fixes deemed \"critical\" by the company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Waterloo-Oxford District Secondary School", "paragraph_text": "Waterloo-Oxford District Secondary School is a high school just outside Baden, Ontario, Canada operated by the Waterloo Region District School Board. It opened in 1955 and is one of two rural high schools in Waterloo Region, the other being Elmira District Secondary School. W-O serves a student population of 1,244 (2005–06), primarily from Waterloo Region, Oxford County, and Perth County. Its mascot is \"Chubby\" the crusader, with school colours of green and white.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Uncle Earl discography", "paragraph_text": "The following is the discography of Uncle Earl, an American folk band. The group has released two EPs and two albums, including 2004's \"Going to the Western Slope EP\" and \"Raise a Ruckus EP\", 2005's \"She Waits for Night\" album on Rounder Records, and 2007's \"Waterloo, TN\" album also on Rounder Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Allegory of Waterloo", "paragraph_text": "Allegory of Waterloo, also known as Triumph of the Duke of Wellington or the Triumph of Great Britain after the Battle of Waterloo, was a monumental painting by British artist James Ward, completed in 1821, and now lost.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Private school", "paragraph_text": "As of April 2014, there are 88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000 students or 3.7% of the entire student population. Private school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting to become state-integrated schools, mostly due of financial difficulties stemming from changes in student numbers and/or the economy. State-integrated schools keep their private school special character and receives state funds in return for having to operate like a state school, e.g. they must teach the state curriculum, they must employ registered teachers, and they can't charge tuition fees (they can charge \"attendance dues\" for the upkeep on the still-private school land and buildings). The largest decline in private school numbers occurred between 1979 and 1984, when the nation's then-private Catholic school system integrated. As a result, private schools in New Zealand are now largely restricted to the largest cities (Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch) and niche markets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare", "paragraph_text": "Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system for ADGB that linked the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command, although field-deployed air defence relied on less sophisticated arrangements. NATO later called these arrangements an \"air defence ground environment\", defined as \"the network of ground radar sites and command and control centres within a specific theatre of operations which are used for the tactical control of air defence operations\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Chapters and verses of the Bible", "paragraph_text": "The first person to divide New Testament chapters into verses was Italian Dominican biblical scholar Santi Pagnini (1470 -- 1541), but his system was never widely adopted. His verse divisions in the New Testament were far longer than those known today. Robert Estienne created an alternate numbering in his 1551 edition of the Greek New Testament which was also used in his 1553 publication of the Bible in French. Estienne's system of division was widely adopted, and it is this system which is found in almost all modern Bibles. Estienne produced a 1555 Vulgate that is the first Bible to include the verse numbers integrated into the text. Before this work, they were printed in the margins.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "University of Waterloo", "paragraph_text": "The University of Waterloo (commonly referred to as Waterloo, UW, or UWaterloo) is a public research university with a main campus in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is on of land adjacent to \"Uptown\" Waterloo and Waterloo Park. The university offers academic programs administered by six faculties and ten faculty-based schools. The university also operates three satellite campuses and four affiliated university colleges. Waterloo is a member of the U15, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada. The University of Waterloo is most famous for its cooperative education (co-op) programs, which allow the students to integrate their education with applicable work experiences. The university operates the largest post-secondary co-operative education program in the world, with over 20,000 undergraduate students in over 140 co-operative education programs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "I²C", "paragraph_text": "BULLET::::- In 1982, the original 100 kbit/s I²C system was created as a simple internal bus system for building control electronics with various Philips chips.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Tim Teitelbaum", "paragraph_text": "In 1978, Professor Teitelbaum created the Cornell Program Synthesizer, one of the seminal systems that demonstrated the power of tightly integrating a collection of program development tools, all deeply knowledgeable about a programming language and its semantics, into one unified framework. His more than 45 lectures and demonstrations of this early IDE during 1979-82, as well as the credo of his 1981 paper co-authored with Thomas Reps, asserted:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "United States customary units", "paragraph_text": "United States customary units are a system of measurements commonly used in the United States. The United States customary system (USCS or USC) developed from English units which were in use in the British Empire before the U.S. became an independent country. However, the United Kingdom's system of measures was overhauled in 1824 to create the imperial system, changing the definitions of some units. Therefore, while many U.S. units are essentially similar to their Imperial counterparts, there are significant differences between the systems.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 14223, "question": "What country created an integrated system for ADGB?", "answer": "Britain", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 20655, "question": "Where did '#1 's Waterloo' occur?", "answer": "Suez", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Adolescence", "paragraph_text": "In 1989, Troiden proposed a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity. The first stage, known as sensitization, usually starts in childhood, and is marked by the child's becoming aware of same-sex attractions. The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later. In this stage, the youth is overwhelmed by feelings of inner turmoil regarding their sexual orientation, and begins to engage sexual experiences with same-sex partners. In the third stage of identity assumption, which usually takes place a few years after the adolescent has left home, adolescents begin to come out to their family and close friends, and assumes a self-definition as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. In the final stage, known as commitment, the young adult adopts their sexual identity as a lifestyle. Therefore, this model estimates that the process of coming out begins in childhood, and continues through the early to mid 20s. This model has been contested, and alternate ideas have been explored in recent years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Mighty Boosh (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The Mighty Boosh is a British comedy television show created by Julian Barratt, Noel Fielding and others (collectively known as The Mighty Boosh).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kofi Annan", "paragraph_text": "On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN-Arab League envoy to Syria, in an attempt to end the civil war taking place. He developed a six-point plan for peace:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Robert Chambers (sculptor)", "paragraph_text": "Robert Lucas Chambers (born 1958) is an American sculptor from Miami Florida. His most recent public artwork is the South Miami Dade Art and Cultural Center. 'Light Field' and 'Adze' and 'Celt'.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Alfred North Whitehead", "paragraph_text": "Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Mighty McGurk", "paragraph_text": "The Mighty McGurk is a 1947 film starring Wallace Beery as a boozing ex-boxer working as a bouncer in a Bowery saloon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe. The name of Portugal derives from the joined Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale. The region was settled by Pre-Celts and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes, visited by Phoenicians and Carthaginians, incorporated in the Roman Republic dominions as Lusitania and part of Gallaecia, after 45 BC until 298 AD, settled again by Suebi, Buri, and Visigoths, and conquered by Moors. Other influences include some 5th-century vestiges of Alan settlement, which were found in Alenquer (old Germanic Alankerk, from Alan+kerk; meaning church of the Alan (people), Coimbra and Lisbon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "High and Mighty Color", "paragraph_text": "High and Mighty Color (stylized as HIGH and MIGHTY COLOR) was a Japanese rock band active from 2003 to 2010. They had two vocalists; a male and a female.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Stephen Engel", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Engel is an American television producer and writer. He is an executive producer and writer of \"A.N.T. Farm\" and the executive producer of \"Mighty Med\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Zordon", "paragraph_text": "Zordon Power Rangers character First appearance ``Day of the Dumpster ''(Mighty Morphin Power Rangers) Last appearance`` Countdown to Destruction, Part 2'' (Power Rangers in Space) Portrayed by David J. Fielding (voice) Robert L. Manahan (voice) Nicholas Bell (Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie) Bryan Cranston (2017 film) Information Homeworld Eltar", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set and the elections process began in earnest. After the return of SWAPO exiles (over 46,000 exiles), Namibia's first one-person one-vote elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. The official election slogan was \"Free and Fair Elections\". This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition. The elections were peaceful and declared free and fair.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hatnua", "paragraph_text": "Hatnua () was a liberal political party in Israel formed by former Israeli Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni to present an alternative to voters frustrated by the stalemate in the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Springfield Celts Rugby Club", "paragraph_text": "The Springfield Celts Rugby Club is a Division III rugby union team based in Springfield, Illinois, United States and is currently in the Illinois Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Genocide", "paragraph_text": "The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relations. When genocide is looked at in a general aspect it is viewed as the deliberate killing of a certain group. Yet is commonly seen to escape the process of trial and prosecution due to the fact that genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area. In 1648 before the term genocide had been coined, the Peace of Westphalia was established to protect ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups. During the 19th century humanitarian intervention was needed due to the fact of conflict and justification of some of the actions executed by the military.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Diwanit Bugale", "paragraph_text": "\"Diwanit Bugale\" (\"May The Children Be Born\") was the French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996, performed in Breton by Dan Ar Braz & L'Héritage des Celtes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Camp David Accords", "paragraph_text": "The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David. The two framework agreements were signed at the White House, and were witnessed by United States President Jimmy Carter. The second of these frameworks (A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel) led directly to the 1979 Egypt -- Israel Peace Treaty. Due to the agreement, Sadat and Begin received the shared 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. The first framework (A Framework for Peace in the Middle East), which dealt with the Palestinian territories, was written without participation of the Palestinians and was condemned by the United Nations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Chico Independent School District", "paragraph_text": "Chico Independent School District is a public school district based in Chico, Texas (USA). The mascot of this school district is The Mighty Dragons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mighty Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Beginning in 1945, some Mighty Mouse episodes had operatic dialogue, and he was drawn slightly differently. Both changes attempted to take advantage of the growing popularity of singer and actor Mario Lanza, beginning with Mighty Mouse and The Pirates. Others included Gypsy Life and The Crackpot King. Mighty Mouse's adventures later focused on Pearl Pureheart and Oilcan Harry; the dialogue in these episodes were always sung by the characters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Don't Know How to Party", "paragraph_text": "Don't Know How to Party is the third full-length album by The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, which was released in 1993. \"Don't Know How to Party\" was The Mighty Mighty Bosstones' major label debut on Mercury Records, their first venture away from their original label Taang! Records. The album reached #187 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and spawned several singles, including the Bosstones fan favorite—\"Someday I Suppose\" (#19 Billboard Modern Rock Tracks).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "The United States and the Soviet Union were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel, having declared recognition roughly simultaneously. The United States regards Israel as its \"most reliable partner in the Middle East,\" based on \"common democratic values, religious affinities, and security interests\". Their bilateral relations are multidimensional and the United States is the principal proponent of the Arab-Israeli peace process. The United States and Israeli views differ on some issues, such as the Golan Heights, Jerusalem, and settlements. The United States has provided $68 billion in military assistance and $32 billion in grants to Israel since 1967, under the Foreign Assistance Act (period beginning 1962), more than any other country for that period until 2003.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 136889, "question": "Which place is The Mighty Celt in?", "answer": "Northern Ireland", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 52356, "question": "when did the #1 peace process begin", "answer": "1994", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama to have been the only Buddha. The Pali Canon refers to many previous ones (see List of the 28 Buddhas), while the Mahayana tradition additionally has many Buddhas of celestial, rather than historical, origin (see Amitabha or Vairocana as examples, for lists of many thousands Buddha names see Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō numbers 439–448). A common Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist belief is that the next Buddha will be one named Maitreya (Pali: Metteyya).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pattaya", "paragraph_text": "Wat Yanasangwararam Woramahawihan is a temple constructed in 1976 for Somdet Phra Yanasangwon, the present supreme patriarch. Within the temple compound are a replica of the Buddha's footprint, and a large chedi containing Buddha relics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "List of nuclear weapons tests of India", "paragraph_text": "India's Pokhran I series tests and detonations Name Date time (UT) Local time zone Location Elevation + height Delivery, Purpose Device Yield Fallout References Notes Smiling Buddha 000000001974 - 05 - 18 - 0000 18 May 1974 02: 34: 55.0 IST (+ 5.5 hrs) Pokhran, India 27 ° 05 ′ 40 ''N 71 ° 45 ′ 13'' E  /  27.09451 ° N 71.75365 ° E  / 27.09451; 71.75365  (Smiling Buddha) 000128! 235 m (771 ft) - 107 m (351 ft) underground shaft, 000120000! 12 kt Indira Gandhi declared Smiling Buddha to be a peaceful test.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are seen as the eternal Buddha himself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Pabellón Ciudad de Algeciras", "paragraph_text": "Pabellón Ciudad de Algeciras is an arena in Algeciras, Spain. It is primarily used for team handball and is the home arena of Algeciras BM. The arena holds 2,300 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Borobudur", "paragraph_text": "The Buddha statues are in niches at the Rupadhatu level, arranged in rows on the outer sides of the balustrades, the number of statues decreasing as platforms progressively diminish to the upper level. The first balustrades have 104 niches, the second 104, the third 88, the fourth 72 and the fifth 64. In total, there are 432 Buddha statues at the Rupadhatu level. At the Arupadhatu level (or the three circular platforms), Buddha statues are placed inside perforated stupas. The first circular platform has 32 stupas, the second 24 and the third 16, which adds up to 72 stupas. Of the original 504 Buddha statues, over 300 are damaged (mostly headless), and 43 are missing. Since the monument's discovery, heads have been acquired as collector's items, mostly by Western museums. Some of these Buddha heads are now displayed in numbers of museums, such as the Tropenmuseum in Amsterdam, Musée Guimet in Paris, and The British Museum in London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Buddha (2010 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Buddha is a 2010 PBS documentary directed by David Grubin and narrated by Richard Gere. The film follows the story of the Gautama Buddha's life and discusses the history and teachings of Buddhism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Pattaya", "paragraph_text": "Mini Siam is a miniature model village which celebrates the heritages of Thailand with replicas of the most famous monuments and historical sites including the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, Democracy Monument, the Bridge over the River Kwai, and Prasat Hin Phimai. Models of the Tower Bridge of London, Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty, and Trevi Fountain are also displayed in the section called \"mini-world\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Battle of Cape Palos", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Cape Palos, also known as the Second Battle of Cape Palos, was the biggest naval battle of the Spanish Civil War, fought on the night of March 5–6, 1938, east of Cape Palos near Cartagena, Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Valencia", "paragraph_text": "Valencia's port is the biggest on the Mediterranean western coast, the first of Spain in container traffic as of 2008 and the second of Spain in total traffic, handling 20% of Spain's exports. The main exports are foodstuffs and beverages. Other exports include oranges, furniture, ceramic tiles, fans, textiles and iron products. Valencia's manufacturing sector focuses on metallurgy, chemicals, textiles, shipbuilding and brewing. Small and medium-sized industries are an important part of the local economy, and before the current crisis unemployment was lower than the Spanish average.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "MacGregor, Manitoba", "paragraph_text": "MacGregor is a community in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It held town status prior to January 1, 2015 when it amalgamated with the Rural Municipality of North Norfolk to form the Municipality of North Norfolk. MacGregor is located approximately west of Winnipeg and east of Brandon. It is a farming community, with the biggest industry in the area being agriculture. The community is surrounded by farms, and the Trans-Canada Highway is located just north of MacGregor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Spain", "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Belfast", "paragraph_text": "By the early 1800s the former town was home to a major port. Belfast played a key role in the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, becoming the biggest linen producer in the world, earning it the nickname ``Linenopolis ''. By the time it was granted city status in 1888, it was a major centre of the Irish linen as well as tobacco - processing, rope - making and shipbuilding industries. Harland and Wolff, which built the RMS Titanic, was the world's biggest and most productive shipyard. It later also sustained a major aerospace and missiles industry. Industrialisation and the inward migration it brought made Belfast Ireland's biggest city at the time. It became the capital of Northern Ireland following the Partition of Ireland in 1922. Its status as a global industrial centre ended in the decades after the Second World War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ponte Vella", "paragraph_text": "Ponte Vella (Galician, \"old bridge\", Ponte Romana (Roman bridge), Ponte Maior (great bridge)) is a medieval footbridge built on Roman foundations in Ourense, Spain. Located at the intersection of N120 and Rua Progreso, it spans the Minho River. Its steep rise of above the Minho River makes for safe passage during flash floods. At one time, it was considered to be the biggest bridge in all of Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha and providing further examples that the truth of the Buddha's teachings is attainable.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Polideportivo Huerta del Rey", "paragraph_text": "Polideportivo Huerta del Rey is an arena located in Valladolid, Spain. It is primarily used for team handball and is the home arena of BM Atlético Valladolid and BM Aula Cultural. From 1976 to 1985 it was the home of CB Valladolid in basketball, before moving to the Pabellón Polideportivo Pisuerga which is used by the handball team for European matches. The arena holds 3,500 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple, near Lake Daumesnil in the Bois de Vincennes, is the former Cameroon pavilion from the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition. It hosts several different schools of Buddhism, and does not have a single leader. It shelters the biggest Buddha statue in Europe, more than nine metres high. There are two other small temples located in the Asian community in the 13th arrondissement. A Hindu temple, dedicated to Ganesh, on Rue Pajol in the 18th arrondissement, opened in 1985.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the knowledge, evidence and teachings of Gautama Buddha have vanished. This belief therefore maintains that many Buddha eras have started and ended throughout the course of human existence.[web 15][web 16] The Gautama Buddha, therefore, is the Buddha of this era, who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas in it (see types of Buddhas).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Borobudur", "paragraph_text": "At first glance, all the Buddha statues appear similar, but there is a subtle difference between them in the mudras, or the position of the hands. There are five groups of mudra: North, East, South, West and Zenith, which represent the five cardinal compass points according to Mahayana. The first four balustrades have the first four mudras: North, East, South and West, of which the Buddha statues that face one compass direction have the corresponding mudra. Buddha statues at the fifth balustrades and inside the 72 stupas on the top platform have the same mudra: Zenith. Each mudra represents one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas; each has its own symbolism.Following the order of Pradakshina (clockwise circumumbulation) starting from the East, the mudras of the Borobudur buddha statues are:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Tham Pha", "paragraph_text": "Tham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province, Laos. The karst limestone cave was only discovered in April 2004 by a local farmer who upon entering it found a treasure trove of 229 Buddha statues, estimated to be over 450 years old. It is believed that the Buddha statues were hidden to prevent them being looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entrance.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158735, "question": "Where is Spain primarily located?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 29229, "question": "Where is the biggest Buddha statue in #1 ?", "answer": "The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[ "Buddhism" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Troy Gregory", "paragraph_text": "Troy Gregory (born November 13, 1966 in Detroit, Michigan) is a singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, filmmaker, and solo artist. He is currently a solo artist as well as the lead vocalist and bassist for Super Birthday and bassist for The Dirtbombs. Former acts he has worked with include Crime & the City Solution, The Dirtbombs, Flotsam and Jetsam, Prong, Sixto Diaz Rodriguez, Kim Fowley, Andre Williams, Killing Joke, Electric Six, Nathaniel Mayer, The Volebeats, Spiritualized, and others.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "2002 US Open (tennis)", "paragraph_text": "Both Lleyton Hewitt and Venus Williams were unsuccessful in their title defences, Hewitt being defeated in the semifinals by Andre Agassi and Venus being defeated in the final by her younger sister Serena. It was the third of four consecutive Grand Slam titles won by Serena, all won by defeating Venus in the final. Pete Sampras, runner - up in 2001, won his fifth US Open title, and his 14th and final Grand Slam title, defeating his rival Agassi in the final in four sets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Fresno, California", "paragraph_text": "Fresno is served by State Route 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168, the Sierra Freeway, heads east to the city of Clovis and Huntington Lake. State Route 41 (Yosemite Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway) comes into Fresno from Atascadero in the south, and then heads north to Yosemite. State Route 180 (Kings Canyon Freeway) comes from the west via Mendota, and from the east in Kings Canyon National Park going towards the city of Reedley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cocaine Raps", "paragraph_text": "Cocaine Raps is the third album released by rapper Andre Nickatina, who was previously known as \"Dre Dog.\" It was released In April, 1997 From Filmoe Coleman Records and was produced by Andre Nickatina and Nick Peace. This was an extremely limited release of 2,000 copies and quickly became a highly sought-after collector's item in the Underground Rap following on eBay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles", "paragraph_text": "Pete Sampras successfully defended his title, defeating Andre Agassi in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. With this win, his sixth at Wimbledon, Sampras broke Björn Borg's then open era record of five Wimbledon titles, and equalled Roy Emerson's then record of twelve Grand Slam titles. Sampras' victory over Agassi in the final is often cited as one of the greatest performances in a Wimbledon final. However, despite his victory, Sampras lost his No. 1 ranking when the ATP rankings were updated a day later to Agassi, who in addition to his run to the Wimbledon Final, had recently won the 1999 French Open.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "1991 French Open – Men's Singles", "paragraph_text": "Ninth-seeded Jim Courier defeated Andre Agassi 3–6, 6–4, 2–6, 6–1, 6–4 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1991 French Open.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Granjeno, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Granjeno is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 293 at the 2010 census. The city sits on the banks of the Rio Grande, near the border with Mexico. Its name comes from the Granjeno tree (\"Celtis pallida\") or spiny hackberry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "General Electric Research Laboratory", "paragraph_text": "General Electric Research Laboratory was the first industrial research facility in the United States. Established in 1900, the lab was home to the early technological breakthroughs of General Electric and created a research and development environment that set the standard for industrial innovation for years to come. It developed into GE Global Research that now covers an array of technological research, ranging from healthcare to transportation systems, at multiple locations throughout the world. Its campus in Schenectady, New York was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pablo Ocampo Street", "paragraph_text": "Pablo Ocampo Street is an inner city main road in Manila, Philippines. It runs west-east for about 3.4 kilometers (2.1 miles) connecting the southern districts of Malate and San Andres southeast to Makati.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Andregoto Galíndez", "paragraph_text": "Andregoto Galíndez (literally Lady Goth, daughter of Galindo, from Basque title \"andre\") was daughter of Count Galindo II Aznárez Count of Aragon by his second wife, Sancha Garcés of Pamplona.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Stein Endresen", "paragraph_text": "At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Endresen originally won the bronze medal as part of the Norwegian team in team jumping, together with Morten Djupvik, Geir Gulliksen, and Tony Andre Hansen. However the Norwegian team lost its bronze medal and finished tenth following the disqualification of Tony Andre Hansen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Phonograph record", "paragraph_text": "It was not unusual for electric recordings to be played back on acoustic phonographs. The Victor Orthophonic phonograph was a prime example where such playback was expected. In the Orthophonic, which benefited from telephone research, the mechanical pickup head was redesigned with lower resonance than the traditional mica type. Also, a folded horn with an exponential taper was constructed inside the cabinet to provide better impedance matching to the air. As a result, playback of an Orthophonic record sounded like it was coming from a radio.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Marvin R. Sambur", "paragraph_text": "Sambur was educated at the City College of New York, receiving his B.S. in electrical engineering in 1968. He then joined the technical staff of Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, while continuing his education. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969 and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from MIT in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Andre Agassi", "paragraph_text": "After suffering from sciatica caused by two bulging discs in his back, a spondylolisthesis (vertebral displacement) and a bone spur that interfered with the nerve, Agassi retired from professional tennis on September 3, 2006, after losing in the third round of the US Open to Benjamin Becker. He is the founder of the Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation, which has raised over $60 million for at-risk children in Southern Nevada. In 2001, the Foundation opened the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy in Las Vegas, a K-12 public charter school for at-risk children. He has been married to fellow tennis player Steffi Graf since 2001.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Daylight saving time", "paragraph_text": "DST's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting, which consumes about 3.5% of electricity in the United States and Canada. Delaying the nominal time of sunset and sunrise reduces the use of artificial light in the evening and increases it in the morning. As Franklin's 1784 satire pointed out, lighting costs are reduced if the evening reduction outweighs the morning increase, as in high-latitude summer when most people wake up well after sunrise. An early goal of DST was to reduce evening usage of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity. Although energy conservation remains an important goal, energy usage patterns have greatly changed since then, and recent research is limited and reports contradictory results. Electricity use is greatly affected by geography, climate, and economics, making it hard to generalize from single studies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "History of street lighting in the United States", "paragraph_text": "After Thomas Edison pioneered electric use, light bulbs were developed for the streetlights as well. The first city to use electric street lights was Wabash, Indiana. Charles F. Brush of Cleveland, Ohio wanted to publicly test his new invention the ``Brush Light ''and needed a city to do so. The City Council of Wabash agreed to testing the lights and on March 31, 1880, Wabash became the`` First Electrically Lighted City in the World'' as a flood of light engulfed the town from four Brush Lights mounted atop the courthouse. One of the original Brush Lights is on display at the Wabash County Courthouse. By the beginning of the 20th century, the number of fire - based streetlights was dwindling as developers were searching for safer and more effective ways to illuminate their streets. Fluorescent and incandescent lights became popular during the 1930s and 1940s, when automobile travel began to flourish. A street with lights was referred to as a white way during the early 20th century. Part of New York City's Broadway was nicknamed the Great White Way due to the massive number of electric lights used on theater marquees lining the street.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "paragraph_text": "The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, pronounced ``I triple E '') is a professional association with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey. It was formed in 1963 from the amalgamation of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers. Today, it is the world's largest association of technical professionals with more than 420,000 members in over 160 countries around the world. Its objectives are the educational and technical advancement of electrical and electronic engineering, telecommunications, computer engineering and allied disciplines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Frank J. Sprague", "paragraph_text": "Frank Julian Sprague (July 25, 1857 in Milford, Connecticut – October 25, 1934) was an American naval officer and inventor who contributed to the development of the electric motor, electric railways, and electric elevators. His contributions were especially important in promoting urban development by increasing the size cities could reasonably attain (through better transportation) and by allowing greater concentration of business in commercial sections (through use of electric elevators in skyscrapers). He became known as the \"Father of Electric Traction\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)", "paragraph_text": "Jean ``Jeannie ''Hopkirk is a fictional character from the 1969 ITC British cult paranormal series Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased). She is portrayed by Annette Andre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Roger Federer", "paragraph_text": "In 2003, Federer won his first Grand Slam singles title at Wimbledon, beating Mark Philippoussis in the final. Federer won his first and only doubles Masters Series 1000 event in Miami with Max Mirnyi and made it to one singles Masters Series 1000 event in Rome on clay, which he lost. Federer made it to nine finals on the ATP Tour and won seven of them, including the 500 series events at Dubai and Vienna. Lastly, Federer won the year - end championships over Andre Agassi, finishing the year as world # 2, narrowly behind Andy Roddick by only 160 points.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 152871, "question": "What city is Andre Agassi from?", "answer": "Las Vegas", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 55602, "question": "where does the electricity come from in #1", "answer": "Nevada Power Company", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Allies of World War II", "paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Bosnian Crusade", "paragraph_text": "The Bosnian Crusade was fought against unspecified heretics from 1235 until 1241. It was, essentially, a Hungarian war of conquest against the Banate of Bosnia sanctioned as a crusade. Led by the Hungarian prince Coloman, the crusaders only succeeded in conquering peripheral parts of the country. They were followed by Dominicans, who erected a cathedral and put heretics to death by burning. The crusade came to an abrupt end when Hungary itself was invaded by Tatars. The crusaders were forced to withdraw and engage their own invaders, most of them perishing, including Coloman. Later popes called for more crusades against Bosnia, but none ever took place. The failed crusade led to mistrust and hatred for Hungarians among the Bosnian population that lasted for centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "First Battle of Panipat", "paragraph_text": "The First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526, was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Empire. It took place in north India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery in India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Declarations of war during World War II", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of war by France and the United Kingdom was given on 3 September 1939, after German forces invaded Poland. Despite the speech being the official announcement of both France and the United Kingdom, the speech was given by the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in Westminster, London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Stage Invader", "paragraph_text": "Stage Invader is the first studio album by the British dance music group Linus Loves, released on 22 May 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Normans", "paragraph_text": "In 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. The invading Normans and their descendants replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class of England. The nobility of England were part of a single Normans culture and many had lands on both sides of the channel. Early Norman kings of England, as Dukes of Normandy, owed homage to the King of France for their land on the continent. They considered England to be their most important holding (it brought with it the title of King—an important status symbol).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Karl von Plettenberg", "paragraph_text": "Karl von Plettenberg was in command of the Guards Corps at the outset of World War I, assigned to the 2nd Army as part of the right wing of the forces that invaded France and Belgium as part of the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914. He led the Guards Corps at the First Battle of the Marne and the First Battle of Ypres.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "This England (film)", "paragraph_text": "This England is a 1941 British historical drama film directed by David MacDonald and starring John Clements, Constance Cummings and Emlyn Williams. The film follows the small English village of Cleveley and its historic resistance against tyrannical invaders recounted by one of the inhabitants to a visiting American journalist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Normans", "paragraph_text": "The Normans had a profound effect on Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay in 1169. Initially the Normans maintained a distinct culture and ethnicity. Yet, with time, they came to be subsumed into Irish culture to the point that it has been said that they became \"more Irish than the Irish themselves.\" The Normans settled mostly in an area in the east of Ireland, later known as the Pale, and also built many fine castles and settlements, including Trim Castle and Dublin Castle. Both cultures intermixed, borrowing from each other's language, culture and outlook. Norman descendants today can be recognised by their surnames. Names such as French, (De) Roche, Devereux, D'Arcy, Treacy and Lacy are particularly common in the southeast of Ireland, especially in the southern part of County Wexford where the first Norman settlements were established. Other Norman names such as Furlong predominate there. Another common Norman-Irish name was Morell (Murrell) derived from the French Norman name Morel. Other names beginning with Fitz (from the Norman for son) indicate Norman ancestry. These included Fitzgerald, FitzGibbons (Gibbons) dynasty, Fitzmaurice. Other families bearing such surnames as Barry (de Barra) and De Búrca (Burke) are also of Norman extraction.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "After Cassander's death in 298 BCE, however, Demetrius, who still maintained a sizable loyal army and fleet, invaded Macedon, seized the Macedonian throne (294) and conquered Thessaly and most of central Greece (293-291). He was defeated in 288 BC when Lysimachus of Thrace and Pyrrhus of Epirus invaded Macedon on two fronts, and quickly carved up the kingdom for themselves. Demetrius fled to central Greece with his mercenaries and began to build support there and in the northern Peloponnese. He once again laid siege to Athens after they turned on him, but then struck a treaty with the Athenians and Ptolemy, which allowed him to cross over to Asia minor and wage war on Lysimachus' holdings in Ionia, leaving his son Antigonus Gonatas in Greece. After initial successes, he was forced to surrender to Seleucus in 285 and later died in captivity. Lysimachus, who had seized Macedon and Thessaly for himself, was forced into war when Seleucus invaded his territories in Asia minor and was defeated and killed in 281 BCE at the Battle of Corupedium, near Sardis. Seleucus then attempted to conquer Lysimachus' European territories in Thrace and Macedon, but he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus (\"the thunderbolt\"), who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court and then had himself acclaimed as king of Macedon. Ptolemy was killed when Macedon was invaded by Gauls in 279, his head stuck on a spear and the country fell into anarchy. Antigonus II Gonatas invaded Thrace in the summer of 277 and defeated a large force of 18,000 Gauls. He was quickly hailed as king of Macedon and went on to rule for 35 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Castle", "paragraph_text": "Castles served a range of purposes, the most important of which were military, administrative, and domestic. As well as defensive structures, castles were also offensive tools which could be used as a base of operations in enemy territory. Castles were established by Norman invaders of England for both defensive purposes and to pacify the country's inhabitants. As William the Conqueror advanced through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. Between 1066 and 1087, he established 36 castles such as Warwick Castle, which he used to guard against rebellion in the English Midlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Samurai", "paragraph_text": "In 1274, the Mongol-founded Yuan dynasty in China sent a force of some 40,000 men and 900 ships to invade Japan in northern Kyūshū. Japan mustered a mere 10,000 samurai to meet this threat. The invading army was harassed by major thunderstorms throughout the invasion, which aided the defenders by inflicting heavy casualties. The Yuan army was eventually recalled and the invasion was called off. The Mongol invaders used small bombs, which was likely the first appearance of bombs and gunpowder in Japan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Night Invader", "paragraph_text": "The Night Invader is a 1943 British, black-and-white, drama, thriller, war film, directed by Herbert Mason, produced by Max Milder for Warner Bros. and starring Ronald Shiner as Witsen, Anne Crawford and David Farrar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and signed the Atlantic Charter, which included the statement that \"the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live\" should be respected. This wording was ambiguous as to whether it referred to European countries invaded by Germany, or the peoples colonised by European nations, and would later be interpreted differently by the British, Americans, and nationalist movements.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Normans", "paragraph_text": "The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185, when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium, owing to the betrayal of high Byzantine officials. Some time later, Dyrrachium—one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic—fell again to Byzantine hands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "Southern Italy (Magna Graecia) and south-eastern Sicily had been colonized by the Greeks during the 8th century. In 4th century Sicily the leading Greek city and hegemon was Syracuse. During the Hellenistic period the leading figure in Sicily was Agathocles of Syracuse (361 – 289 BCE) who seized the city with an army of mercenaries in 317 BCE. Agathocles extended his power throughout most of the Greek cities in Sicily, fought a long war with the Carthaginians, at one point invading Tunisia in 310 and defeating a Carthaginian army there. This was the first time a European force had invaded the region. After this war he controlled most of south-east Sicily and had himself proclaimed king, in imitation of the Hellenistic monarchs of the east. Agathocles then invaded Italy (c. 300 BCE) in defense of Tarentum against the Bruttians and Romans, but was unsuccessful.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Rajasthan", "paragraph_text": "The Gurjar Pratihar Empire acted as a barrier for Arab invaders from the 8th to the 11th century. The chief accomplishment of the Gurjara Pratihara empire lies in its successful resistance to foreign invasions from the west, starting in the days of Junaid. Historian R. C. Majumdar says that this was openly acknowledged by the Arab writers. He further notes that historians of India have wondered at the slow progress of Muslim invaders in India, as compared with their rapid advance in other parts of the world. Now there seems little doubt that it was the power of the Gurjara Pratihara army that effectively barred the progress of the Arabs beyond the confines of Sindh, their first conquest for nearly 300 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Norman conquest of southern Italy", "paragraph_text": "In 1091, Roger invaded Malta and subdued the walled city of Mdina. He imposed taxes on the islands, but allowed the Arab governors to continue their rule. In 1127 Roger II abolished the Muslim government, replacing it with Norman officials. Under Norman rule, the Arabic spoken by the Greek Christian islanders for centuries of Muslim domination became Maltese.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Battle of Baltimore", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Baltimore was a sea/land battle fought between British invaders and American defenders in the War of 1812. American forces repulsed sea and land invasions off the busy port city of Baltimore, Maryland, and killed the commander of the invading British forces. The British and Americans first met at the Battle of North Point. Though the Americans retreated, the battle was a successful delaying action that inflicted heavy casualties on the British, halting their advance consequently allowing the defenders at Baltimore to properly prepare for an attack.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Battle of Hastings", "paragraph_text": "The exact numbers present at the battle are unknown; modern estimates are around 10,000 for William and about 7,000 for Harold. The composition of the forces is clearer; the English army was composed almost entirely of infantry and had few archers, whereas only about half of the invading force was infantry, the rest split equally between cavalry and archers. Harold appears to have tried to surprise William, but scouts found his army and reported its arrival to William, who marched from Hastings to the battlefield to confront Harold. The battle lasted from about 9 am to dusk. Early efforts of the invaders to break the English battle lines had little effect; therefore, the Normans adopted the tactic of pretending to flee in panic and then turning on their pursuers. Harold's death, probably near the end of the battle, led to the retreat and defeat of most of his army. After further marching and some skirmishes, William was crowned as king on Christmas Day 1066.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 40154, "question": "What country did the Normans invade in 1169?", "answer": "Ireland", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 87175, "question": "when was #1 first invaded by the british", "answer": "1167", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Africa", "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second - largest and second-most - populous continent (the first being Asia). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Serre Chevalier", "paragraph_text": "Serre Chevalier is a major ski resort in southeastern France, in the Hautes-Alpes department of the Alps. Near the Parc National des Ecrins, it enjoys a large skiing area, with of slopes and favourable weather, boasting 300 days of sunshine a year. In Serre Chevalier, of the slopes are covered by snow cannons to supplement natural snowfall. It is owned by Compagnie des Alpes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. Although the area is only about 11 percent of the surface area of Europe, the Alps provide up to 90 percent of water to lowland Europe, particularly to arid areas and during the summer months. Cities such as Milan depend on 80 percent of water from Alpine runoff. Water from the rivers is used in over 500 hydroelectricity power plants, generating as much as 2900 kilowatts of electricity.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Horizon Field", "paragraph_text": "Horizon Field is a 2010 sculpture installation by Antony Gormley. The installation features 100 life-sized cast iron statues of the human body left at exactly 2,039 m above sea-level in the Austrian Alps. It is the first art project of its kind erected in the Alps and the largest landscape intervention in Austria to date. The work covers an area of 150 square kilometres in the Land Vorarlberg, Austria, communities of Mellau, Schoppernau, Schröcken, Warth, Mittelberg, Lech, Klösterle, and Dalaas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Love Is All Around (Agnes Carlsson song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Love Is All Around\" is a song by Agnes Carlsson, who was the winner of Swedish Idol 2005. The song was composed by Fredrik Thomander and Anders Wikström. It has been covered in at least 3 other continents.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Segrate", "paragraph_text": "Although it is a small town, Segrate hosts large structures such as the CILEA Interuniversity Consortium, among the most advanced supercomputing centers in Europe, and the San Raffaele Hospital. Segrate received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 23 June 1989.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Journal of Modern History", "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Modern History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering European intellectual, political, and cultural history, published by the University of Chicago Press. Established in 1929, the journal covers events from approximately 1500 to the present, with a geographical scope extending from the United Kingdom through the European continent, including Russia and the Balkans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the \"Houillière zone\", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era. High \"massifs\" with external sedimentary cover are more common in the Western Alps and were affected by Neogene Period thin-skinned thrusting whereas the Eastern Alps have comparatively few high peaked massifs. Similarly the peaks in Switzerland extending to western Austria (Helvetic nappes) consist of thin-skinned sedimentary folding that detached from former basement rock.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Stellihorn", "paragraph_text": "The Stellihorn is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking the lake of Mattmark in the canton of Valais. It lies south of Saas-Almagell in the upper valley of Saas. The north side is covered by a glacier named \"Nollen Gletscher\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Frank Bursley Taylor", "paragraph_text": "Frank Bursley Taylor (1860 – 1938) was an American geologist, the son of a lawyer in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He was a Harvard dropout who studied privately financed in large part by his wealthy father. He became a specialist in the glacial geology of the Great Lakes, and proposed to the Geological Society of America on December 29, 1908 that the continents moved on the Earth's surface, that a shallow region in the Atlantic marks where Africa and South America were once joined, and that the collisions of continents could uplift mountains. His ideas were based on his studies on mountain ranges as the Andes, Rockies, Alps and Himalayas, concluding that these mountains could have been formed only as a result of titanic lateral pressures that thrust the earth's surface upward.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Chammliberg", "paragraph_text": "The Chammliberg is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located south of the Klausen Pass in the canton of Uri. While the south side of the mountain is covered by the large Hüfi Glacier, the north-west side consists of an 800 metre high face.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Güferhorn", "paragraph_text": "The Güferhorn is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located between the valleys of Vals and Hinterrhein in Graubünden. At 3,379 metres above sea level it is the highest summit of the Lepontine Alps lying east of the Rheinwaldhorn. The northern side of the massif is covered by the Güfergletscher, a 2 kilometres long glacier. It lies above 2,600 metres on the east side of a ridge starting at the summit of the Güferhorn and separating the valleys of Länta and Canaltal, both converging at the Zervreilasee, south of Vals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Africa", "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Antarctic Plate", "paragraph_text": "The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate containing the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau and extending outward under the surrounding oceans. After breakup from Gondwana (the southern part of the supercontinent Pangea), the Antarctic plate began moving the continent of Antarctica south to its present isolated location causing the continent to develop a much colder climate. The Antarctic Plate is bounded almost entirely by extensional mid-ocean ridge systems. The adjoining plates are the Nazca Plate, the South American Plate, the African Plate, the Somali Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and, across a transform boundary, the Scotia Plate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Geological history of Earth", "paragraph_text": "The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica and the Indian subcontinent, which collided with the Asian plate. This impact gave rise to the Himalayas. The Tethys Sea, which had separated the northern continents from Africa and India, began to close up, forming the Mediterranean sea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Swiss Alps", "paragraph_text": "The Alps cover 65% of Switzerland's total 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi) surface area, making it one of the most alpine countries. Despite the fact that Switzerland covers only 14% of the Alps total 192,753 square kilometres (74,422 sq mi) area, 48 out of 82 alpine four - thousanders are located in the Swiss Alps and practically all of the remaining 34 are within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the country's border.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Geological history of Earth", "paragraph_text": "The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica and the Indian subcontinent, which collided with the Asian plate. This impact gave rise to the Himalayas. The Tethys Sea, which had separated the northern continents from Africa and India, began to close up, forming the Mediterranean sea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Lake Vida", "paragraph_text": "Lake Vida is a hypersaline lake in Victoria Valley, the northernmost of the large McMurdo Dry Valleys, on the continent of Antarctica. It is isolated under year-round ice cover, and is considerably more saline than seawater. It came to public attention in 2002 when microbes frozen in its ice cover for more than 2,800 years were successfully thawed and reanimated.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Arthur Merric Boyd", "paragraph_text": "Boyd then travelled and painted a good deal on the continent of Europe, and returned to Australia about the end of 1893, where he lived mostly in Sandringham and other suburbs of Melbourne for the rest of his life. He occasionally sent good work to the exhibitions of the Victorian Artists' Society, but never mixed much in the artistic life of his time.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 100773, "question": "What is the continent of Segrate?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 9428, "question": "How much of #1 does the Alps cover?", "answer": "11 percent of the surface area", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Aigars Apinis", "paragraph_text": "Aigars Apinis (9 June 1973 in Aizkraukle) is a Latvian athlete. He participates in F52 class which means he has limited finger movement and no trunk or leg function. He started to practice in 1998, but already at the 2000 Summer Paralympics he won two bronze medals – in discus throw and shot put. At the 2004 Summer Paralympics he became the Olympic champion in discus throw and was 4th in shot put.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dog", "paragraph_text": "While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that possess a set of inherited characteristics that distinguishes them from other animals within the same species. Modern dog breeds are non-scientific classifications of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Czechoslovakia", "paragraph_text": "Věra Čáslavská was an Olympic gold medallist in gymnastics, winning seven gold medals and four silver medals. She represented Czechoslovakia in three consecutive Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "United States at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "U.S. athletes have won a total of 2,522 medals (1,022 of them gold) at the Summer Olympic Games, the most of any nation, and another 305 at the Winter Olympic Games, the second most behind Norway. The U.S. has topped the gold medal count (as the medals are listed on the IOC website, and internationally by tradition) at seventeen Summer Olympics, the most of any nation, and one Winter Olympics. The U.S. holds the record both for the most gold and overall medals won in a single Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "India at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "India first participated at the Olympic Games in the 1900, with a lone athlete (Norman Pritchard) winning two medals - both silver - in athletics. The nation first sent a team to the Summer Olympic Games in 1920, and has participated in every Summer Games since then. India has also competed at several Winter Olympic Games beginning in 1964. Indian athletes have won a total of 28 medals so far, all at the Summer Games. For a period of time, India national field hockey team was dominant in Olympic competition, winning eleven medals in twelve Olympics between 1920 and 1980. The run included 8 gold medals total and six successive gold medals from 1928 -- 1956", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Lawrence Nuesslein", "paragraph_text": "Lawrence Adam Nuesslein (May 16, 1895 – May 10, 1971) was an American sports shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He won a total of five olympic medals: two gold medals, one silver and two bronze medals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Yevgeni Podgorny", "paragraph_text": "Yevgeni Anatolyevich Podgorny () (born July 9, 1977 in Novosibirsk) is a former Olympic gymnast who competed for Russia in the two Olympic Games. He won a gold medal in the 1996 and a bronze medal in the 2000 Olympic Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Soviet Union at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "All Summer and Winter Olympic medals of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire were inherited by Russia, but not combined together with the medal count of the Russian Federation.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Kyle Pettey", "paragraph_text": "In the 2000 Summer Paralympics Kyle competed in the F35 javelin and won silver medals in the F35 discus and shot put. Four years later competing in the F35 shot and discus he failed to win any medals but in 2008 he won the bronze in the F33-34/52 shot put.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "India at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "India first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900, with a lone athlete (Norman Pritchard) winning two medals - both silver - in athletics. The nation first sent a team to the Summer Olympic Games in 1920, and has participated in every Summer Games since then. India has also competed at several Winter Olympic Games beginning in 1964. Indian athletes have won a total of 28 medals so far, all at the Summer Games. For a period of time, India national field hockey team was dominant in Olympic competition, winning eleven medals in twelve Olympics between 1920 and 1980. The run included 8 gold medals total and six successive gold medals from 1928 -- 1956", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "Prior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan (sometimes spelled as Grant Shaginyan), who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. To highlight the level of success of Armenians in the Olympics, Shahinyan was quoted as saying:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pakistan at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The National Olympic Committee for Pakistan was created in 1948. Rome 1960 has been the most successful Olympics for Pakistan so far, with Pakistan winning two medals: a gold medal in field hockey and a bronze medal in wrestling.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "A. J. Mleczko", "paragraph_text": "Allison Jaime \"A.J.\" Mleczko is an American ice hockey player and analyst. She won a gold medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics and a silver medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Tiina Ala-aho", "paragraph_text": "Tiina first competed in the 2000 Summer Paralympics where she won the gold medal in the F33-34 shot put. Four years later in the expanded F32-34/52/53 shot put she failed to medal but she did win a bronze in the F33/34/52/53 javelin. She then competed in the javelin again at the 2008 Summer Paralympics but failed to medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kate Greenaway Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Kate Greenaway Medal is a British literary award that annually recognises \"distinguished illustration in a book for children\". It is conferred upon the illustrator by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) which inherited it from the Library Association.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Earlene Brown", "paragraph_text": "Earlene Brown (née \"Dennis;\" June 11, 1935 – May 1, 1983) was an American athlete notable for her careers in track and field and roller games. She competed at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics in the shot put and discus throw and won a bronze medal in the shot put in 1960; she finished fourth in the discus in 1956.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "India at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "At the 2016 Summer Olympics, a record number of 118 athletes competed. Sakshi Malik became the first Indian woman wrestler to win an Olympic medal with her bronze medal finish in Women's freestyle 58 kg category. Shuttler P.V. Sindhu became the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics and also the youngest Indian Olympic medallist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Germany at the 2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Germany competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with 153 competitors in 14 sports. They won 31 medals in total, 14 gold, 10 silver and 7 bronze, ranking second in the medal table after Norway at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Germany excelled in ice track events (11 medals), biathlon (7 medals), Nordic combined (5 medals) and Ski jumping (4 medals). The men's ice hockey team took a surprise silver medal, having lost a closely contested final to Olympic Athletes from Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Oh Kyo-moon", "paragraph_text": "He won a team silver medal and an individual bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Oh also was a member of Korea's gold medal men's archery team at the 2000 Summer Olympics. In the men's individual competition he finished sixth.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Dogs in Space", "paragraph_text": "\"Dogs in Space\" centers on a group of young music fans sharing a house in the inner Melbourne suburb of Richmond. Sam (Michael Hutchence) and Tim (Nique Needles) are the key members of a band called Dogs in Space, and share a house with a variety of social misfits, including Sam's girlfriend Anna (Saskia Post), a university student called Luchio (Tony Helou) and a transient and apparently nameless teenager known only as The Girl (Deanna Bond).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161837, "question": "Who inherited the Olympic medals?", "answer": "Russia", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 66157, "question": "when did #1 put a dog in space", "answer": "November 1957", "paragraph_support_idx": null } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System", "paragraph_text": "The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America. In Japan, the system is called the Super Famicom (Japanese: スーパーファミコン, Hepburn: Sūpā Famikon?, officially adopting the abbreviated name of its predecessor, the Family Computer), or SFC for short. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy (슈퍼 컴보이 Syupeo Keomboi) and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics. Although each version is essentially the same, several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another. It was released in Brazil on September 2, 1992, by Playtronic.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "7 Days to Die", "paragraph_text": "On June 6, 2017, Alpha 16 was released. This release added electricity to the game for the first time and introduced various traps including electric fences and spinning blades.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Army Inventions Board", "paragraph_text": "The Australian Army Inventions Board, otherwise known as the Army Inventions Directorate, was a government body of the Commonwealth of Australia, set up in 1942 to handle the thousands of inventions submitted by the public. These inventions numbered some 27,000; a mere 127 of which were eventually accepted by the Army as being of notable value or suitable for military purposes. The best known invention accepted by the Army Inventions Board was the Australian-designed Owen Gun, a machine carbine which took a few years to get off the ground.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Imre Bródy", "paragraph_text": "Imre Bródy (1891, Gyula, Hungary–1944, Mühldorf) was a Hungarian physicist who invented in 1930 the krypton-filled fluorescent lamps (also known as the krypton electric bulb)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Turing machine", "paragraph_text": "The Turing machine was invented in 1936 by Alan Turing, who called it an \"a-machine\" (automatic machine). With this model, Turing was able to answer two questions in the negative: (1) Does a machine exist that can determine whether any arbitrary machine on its tape is \"circular\" (e.g., freezes, or fails to continue its computational task); similarly, (2) does a machine exist that can determine whether any arbitrary machine on its tape ever prints a given symbol. Thus by providing a mathematical description of a very simple device capable of arbitrary computations, he was able to prove properties of computation in general—and in particular, the uncomputability of the Entscheidungsproblem ('decision problem').", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "History of computing hardware", "paragraph_text": "During World War II, British codebreakers at Bletchley Park (40 miles north of London) achieved a number of successes at breaking encrypted enemy military communications. The German encryption machine, Enigma, was first attacked with the help of the electro-mechanical bombes. Women often operated these bombe machines. They ruled out possible Enigma settings by performing chains of logical deductions implemented electrically. Most possibilities led to a contradiction, and the few remaining could be tested by hand.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Yablochkov candle", "paragraph_text": "A Yablochkov candle (sometimes electric candle) is a type of electric carbon arc lamp, invented in 1876 by Pavel Yablochkov.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Zamboni pile", "paragraph_text": "The Zamboni pile (also referred to as a \"Duluc Dry Pile\") is an early electric battery, invented by Giuseppe Zamboni in 1812.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Peter Florjančič", "paragraph_text": "Peter Florjančič (born 5 March 1919) is a Slovenian inventor and former Olympic athlete. His successful inventions have included the perfume atomiser, plastic injection molding machines and the plastic photographic slide frame.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Wilhelm Emil Fein", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Emil Fein (born 16 January 1842 in Ludwigsburg; died 6 October 1898 in Stuttgart) was a German inventor. He invented the worldwide first portable electric drill.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Jorge Reynolds Pombo", "paragraph_text": "Jorge Reynolds Pombo is an electrical and bio- engineer born in Colombia (June 22, 1936, Bogota), despite the popular belief in Colombia, Jorge Reynolds Pombo did not invent the pacemaker, that was done in 1952 by the American Paul Zoll. The Swede Rune Elmqvist (1906-1996) developed the first pacemakern internally implanted in 1958.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Wright brothers", "paragraph_text": "The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 -- January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 -- May 30, 1912), were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier - than - air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904 -- 05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed - wing aircraft. Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed - wing powered flight possible.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Gone Wait", "paragraph_text": "The Gone Wait is the 35th album by Jandek, and the first of two released in 2003 It is Corwood Industries release #0773, and is the first release to feature the artist accompanying himself on fretless electric bass, rather than on his usual acoustic or electric guitar. The album's title was also the name of a song on Jandek's 1993 release \"Twelfth Apostle\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Washing machine", "paragraph_text": "Bendix Home Appliances, a subsidiary of Avco, an otherwise unrelated company, who licensed the name from Bendix Corporation, introduced the first domestic automatic washing machine in 1937, having applied for a patent in the same year. In appearance and mechanical detail, this first machine was not unlike the front loading automatic washers produced today. Although it included many of the today's basic features, the machine lacked any drum suspension and therefore had to be anchored to the floor to prevent ``walking ''. Because of the components required, the machine was also very expensive. For instance, the Bendix Home Laundry Service Manual (published November 1, 1946) shows that the drum speed change was facilitated by a 2 - speed gearbox built to a heavy duty standard (not unlike a car automatic gearbox, albeit at a smaller size). The timer was also probably fairly costly, because miniature electric motors were expensive to produce.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Top Gear 2", "paragraph_text": "Top Gear 2 (released as Top Racer 2 in Japan) is the sequel to the 1992 racer \"Top Gear\". First released in August 1993 for the SNES, May 24, 1994 for the Sega Genesis and in 1994 for Amiga. It was developed by Gremlin Interactive and published by Kemco for the SNES and by Vic Tokai for the Genesis. While more realistic than its predecessor, \"Top Gear 2\" maintained the arcade-style gameplay the series is known for.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Washing Machine (album)", "paragraph_text": "Washing Machine is the ninth studio album by the American experimental rock band Sonic Youth, released on September 26, 1995 by DGC Records. It was recorded at Easley Studios in Memphis, Tennessee and produced by the band and John Siket, who also engineered the band's previous two albums. The album features more open-ended pieces than its predecessors and contains some of the band's longest songs, including the 20-minute ballad \"The Diamond Sea\", which is the lengthiest track to feature on any of Sonic Youth's studio albums.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Capacitor", "paragraph_text": "Charles Pollak (born Karol Pollak), the inventor of the first electrolytic capacitors, found out that the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remained stable in a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, even when the power was switched off. In 1896 he filed a patent for an \"Electric liquid capacitor with aluminum electrodes.\" Solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors were invented by Bell Laboratories in the early 1950s as a miniaturized and more reliable low-voltage support capacitor to complement their newly invented transistor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Light-emitting diode", "paragraph_text": "The first visible-spectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr., while working at General Electric Company. Holonyak first reported his LED in the journal Applied Physics Letters on the December 1, 1962. M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improved the brightness of red and red-orange LEDs by a factor of ten in 1972. In 1976, T. P. Pearsall created the first high-brightness, high-efficiency LEDs for optical fiber telecommunications by inventing new semiconductor materials specifically adapted to optical fiber transmission wavelengths.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Alexander Graham Bell", "paragraph_text": "In March 1875, Bell and Pollok visited the famous scientist Joseph Henry, who was then director of the Smithsonian Institution, and asked Henry's advice on the electrical multi-reed apparatus that Bell hoped would transmit the human voice by telegraph. Henry replied that Bell had \"the germ of a great invention\". When Bell said that he did not have the necessary knowledge, Henry replied, \"Get it!\" That declaration greatly encouraged Bell to keep trying, even though he did not have the equipment needed to continue his experiments, nor the ability to create a working model of his ideas. However, a chance meeting in 1874 between Bell and Thomas A. Watson, an experienced electrical designer and mechanic at the electrical machine shop of Charles Williams, changed all that.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Spiritual Machines", "paragraph_text": "Spiritual Machines is the fourth studio album by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace, released by Columbia Records in December 2000. Although not initially intended, the project evolved into a conceptual interpretation of futurist and inventor Raymond Kurzweil's 1999 book \"The Age of Spiritual Machines\". Short tracks of spoken dialog from Kurzweil himself are interspersed among the actual songs on the album. The Kurzweil K250 keyboard, one of his inventions, was utilized throughout the recording of the album.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 65149, "question": "where was the first electric washing machine invented", "answer": "The US", "paragraph_support_idx": null }, { "id": 35999, "question": "When was the SNES released in the #1 ?", "answer": "1991", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Tomb of Pope Julius II", "paragraph_text": "The Tomb of Pope Julius II is a sculptural and architectural ensemble by Michelangelo and his assistants, originally commissioned in 1505 but not completed until 1545 on a much reduced scale. Originally intended for St. Peter's Basilica, the tomb was instead placed in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli on the Esquiline in Rome after the pope's death. This church was patronized by the della Rovere family from which Julius came, and he had been titular cardinal there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Artaserse (Vinci)", "paragraph_text": "Artaserse is an opera (\"dramma per musica\") in three acts composed by Leonardo Vinci to an Italian libretto by Metastasio. This was the first of many musical settings of arguably Metastasio's most popular libretto, and Vinci and Metastasio were known to have collaborated closely for the world premiere of the opera in Rome. This was the last opera Vinci composed before his death, and also considered to be his masterpiece, and is known among baroque opera enthusiasts for its florid vocal lines and taxing tessituras. It premiered during the carnival season on 4 February 1730 at the Teatro delle Dame in Rome. As women were banned from the opera stage in Rome in the 18th century, all the female roles in the original production were taken up by castrati. However, subsequent 18th-century productions outside Rome included women in the cast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Nero Burning ROM", "paragraph_text": "Nero Burning ROM is a pun in reference to Roman Emperor Nero, who was best known for his association in the Great Fire of Rome. The emperor allegedly fiddled while the city of Rome burned. Also, Rome in German is spelled Rom. The software's logo features a burning Colosseum, although this is an anachronism as it was not built until after Nero's death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Teatro delle Dame", "paragraph_text": "The Teatro delle Dame, also known as the Teatro Alibert (its original name), was a theatre in Rome built in 1718 and located on what is now the corner of Via D'Alibert and Via Margutta. In the course of its history it underwent a series of reconstructions and renovations until it was definitively destroyed by a fire in 1863. In their 18th-century heyday, the Teatro delle Dame and its rival, the Teatro Capranica, were the leading opera houses in Rome and saw many world premieres performed by some of the most prominent singers of the time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England, Schuenemann et al. concluded in 2011 \"that the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist.\" A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Jamal Taslaq", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Nablus, Palestine, in 1970, studied in Italy, and has become one of the top Rome High Fashion designers of the new era. His success started with his inaugural Rome High Fashion Show in the year 2000. Since then, every high fashion show in Rome has been wildly successful, including the latest in March 2011. He is held in esteem across boundaries and oceans and his clients are found in three continents.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Religion in ancient Rome", "paragraph_text": "Romulus was credited with several religious institutions. He founded the Consualia festival, inviting the neighbouring Sabines to participate; the ensuing rape of the Sabine women by Romulus's men further embedded both violence and cultural assimilation in Rome's myth of origins. As a successful general, Romulus is also supposed to have founded Rome's first temple to Jupiter Feretrius and offered the spolia opima, the prime spoils taken in war, in the celebration of the first Roman triumph. Spared a mortal's death, Romulus was mysteriously spirited away and deified.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Rome", "paragraph_text": "Rome's history spans 28 centuries. While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at around 753 BC, the site has been inhabited for much longer, making it one of the oldest continuously occupied sites in Europe. The city's early population originated from a mix of Latins, Etruscans, and Sabines. Eventually, the city successively became the capital of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, and is regarded by some as the first ever metropolis. It was first called \"The Eternal City\" (; ) by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC, and the expression was also taken up by Ovid, Virgil, and Livy. Rome is also called the \"Caput Mundi\" (Capital of the World). After the fall of the Western Empire, which marked the beginning of the Middle Ages, Rome slowly fell under the political control of the Papacy, and in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. Beginning with the Renaissance, almost all the popes since Nicholas V (1447–1455) pursued over four hundred years a coherent architectural and urban programme aimed at making the city the artistic and cultural centre of the world. In this way, Rome became first one of the major centres of the Italian Renaissance, and then the birthplace of both the Baroque style and Neoclassicism. Famous artists, painters, sculptors and architects made Rome the centre of their activity, creating masterpieces throughout the city. In 1871, Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, which, in 1946, became the Italian Republic.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)", "paragraph_text": "When Harry reported that Voldemort had returned, towards the end of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Dumbledore reactivated the Order. Many of the original members returned and were soon joined by recruits who effectively replaced those who had died in service during the first conflict. The Order established their headquarters at Number Twelve, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Black's family home, during the interval between the fourth and fifth books in the series. Dumbledore was the Secret - Keeper for the Order, meaning that only he could reveal the location of the Order's headquarters to others. Dumbledore's death in book six made the location vulnerable and it was abandoned in favour of The Burrow as a result.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpation of the throne of Numidia, a loyal ally of Rome since the Punic Wars, Rome felt compelled to intervene. Jugurtha impudently bribed the Romans into accepting his usurpation. Jugurtha was finally captured not in battle but by treachery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Two English Girls", "paragraph_text": "Two English Girls (original French title: Les Deux Anglaises et le Continent, UK Title: Anne and Muriel), is a 1971 French romantic drama film directed by François Truffaut and adapted from a 1956 novel of the same name by Henri-Pierre Roché. It stars Jean-Pierre Léaud as Claude, Kika Markham as Anne, and Stacey Tendeter as Muriel. Truffaut restored 20 minutes of footage, which fills out the characters, before his death in 1984.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Testament and Death of Moses", "paragraph_text": "The Testament and Death of Moses is a fresco attributed to the Italian Renaissance painters Luca Signorelli and Bartolomeo della Gatta, executed in around 1482 and located in the Sistine Chapel, Rome.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Gibbs Point", "paragraph_text": "Gibbs Point, a rock point on the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of Antarctica, was named for African American Antarctic explorer, George W. Gibbs, Jr. on September 2, 2009. On that date, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (U.S. Board on Geographic Names) confirmed the place name in Antarctica for Gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. Gibbs Point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to Gaul Cove, on the northeast of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Santa Maria dell'Orazione e Morte", "paragraph_text": "Santa Maria dell'Orazione e Morte (\"Saint Mary of the Prayer and Death\") is a church in central Rome, Italy. It lies on Via Giulia between the Tiber and the Palazzo Farnese.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Carlo Candida", "paragraph_text": "Carlo Candida (Lucera, 7 October 1762 – Rome, January 1845) was a lieutenant of the Sovereign Order of Malta from 1834 to his death, succeeding Antonio Busca.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the dry plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cry of the City", "paragraph_text": "Cry of the City is a 1948 black-and-white film noir directed by Robert Siodmak based on the novel by Henry Edward Helseth, \"The Chair for Martin Rome\". The screenwriter Ben Hecht worked on the film's script, but is not credited. The film was partly shot on location in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Canova Lions", "paragraph_text": "The Canova Lions, located in front of the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., are copies of a pair of lions sculpted by Antonio Canova in 1792 for the tomb of Pope Clement XIII in St Peter's in Rome. The originals were sculpted from marble; these were cast in bronze from molds of the originals. The pieces were installed in 1860.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 99593, "question": "In which continent is Rome located?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 76998, "question": "where did the black death originated in #1", "answer": "the dry plains of Central Asia", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[ "Central Asia" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Climate of North Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Being 1,000 miles (1,609 km) from any large body of water (with the exception of Lake Superior), temperatures and precipitation in North Dakota can vary widely. North Dakota is far enough north to experience − 60 ° F (− 51 ° C) temperatures and blizzards during the winter months, but far enough south to experience 121 ° F (49 ° C) temperatures and tornado outbreaks in the summer. The 181 ° F degree (100 ° C) variation between North Dakota's highest and lowest temperature is the 3rd largest variation of any U.S. State, and the largest of any non-mountainous state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Covies", "paragraph_text": "Covies is an Irish series of web-based drama short films created by Len Collin and is an online soap set in Westport, Ireland.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Global temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The global temperature record shows the fluctuations of the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans through various spans of time. The most detailed information exists since 1850, when methodical thermometer - based records began. There are numerous estimates of temperatures since the end of the Pleistocene glaciation, particularly during the current Holocene epoch. Older time periods are studied by paleoclimatology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Minneapolis", "paragraph_text": "The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, sleet, ice, rain, thunderstorms, and fog. The highest recorded temperature was 108 °F (42 °C) in July 1936 while the lowest was −41 °F (−41 °C) in January 1888. The snowiest winter on record was 1983–84, when 98.6 inches (250 cm) of snow fell, and the least snowy winter was 1890-91, when only 11.1 inches (28 cm) fell.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", "paragraph_text": "The third assessment report (TAR) prominently featured a graph labeled \"Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction\" based on a 1999 paper by Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99), which has been referred to as the \"hockey stick graph\". This graph extended the similar graph in Figure 3.20 from the IPCC Second Assessment Report of 1995, and differed from a schematic in the first assessment report that lacked temperature units, but appeared to depict larger global temperature variations over the past 1000 years, and higher temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period than the mid 20th century. The schematic was not an actual plot of data, and was based on a diagram of temperatures in central England, with temperatures increased on the basis of documentary evidence of Medieval vineyards in England. Even with this increase, the maximum it showed for the Medieval Warm Period did not reach temperatures recorded in central England in 2007. The MBH99 finding was supported by cited reconstructions by Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 and Briffa 2000, using differing data and methods. The Jones et al. and Briffa reconstructions were overlaid with the MBH99 reconstruction in Figure 2.21 of the IPCC report.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "La Pivellina", "paragraph_text": "La Pivellina (The Little One) is a 2009 Austrian feature film debut directed by Tizza Covi and Rainer Frimmel. The film premiered at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival in the Directors' Fortnight, where it has been awarded the Europa Cinemas Label as Best European Film.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and mild winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 °C (57 to 93 °F). New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −3.2 °C (26.2 °F). Those for Delhi metropolis stand at 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) and −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) respectively. The average annual rainfall is 784 millimetres (30.9 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Instrumental temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The instrumental temperature record provides the temperature of Earth's climate system from the historical network of in situ measurements of surface air temperatures and ocean surface temperatures. Data are collected at thousands of meteorological stations, buoys and ships around the globe. The longest - running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest - running quasi-global record starts in 1850. In recent decades more extensive sampling of ocean temperatures at various depths have begun allowing estimates of ocean heat content but these do not form part of the global surface temperature datasets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The 3rd Time Around", "paragraph_text": "The 3rd Time Around is the third studio album by American country music singer Roger Miller. It was released under the Smash Records label in 1965 (see 1965 in country music). The record reached #1 on the country album charts and #13 on the \"Billboard\" 200, his third highest ranking on the pop albums charts, and his only #1 country album.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having \"four seasons in one day\", a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman. Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ashgabat", "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Highest temperature recorded on Earth", "paragraph_text": "According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest confirmed air temperature on Earth was 56.7 ° C (134.1 ° F) in Furnace Creek Ranch, California, located in the Death Valley desert in the United States, on July 10, 1913. While measuring air temperature is standard, there are two other main ways that a temperature can be recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Seattle", "paragraph_text": "Autumn, winter, and early spring are frequently characterized by rain. Winters are cool and wet with December, the coolest month, averaging 40.6 °F (4.8 °C), with 28 annual days with lows that reach the freezing mark, and 2.0 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing all day; the temperature rarely lowers to 20 °F (−7 °C). Summers are sunny, dry and warm, with August, the warmest month, averaging 66.1 °F (18.9 °C), and with temperatures reaching 90 °F (32 °C) on 3.1 days per year, although 2011 is the most recent year to not reach 90 °F. The hottest officially recorded temperature was 103 °F (39 °C) on July 29, 2009; the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1950; the record cold daily maximum is 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 14, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 71 °F (22 °C) the day the official record high was set. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 16 thru March 10, allowing a growing season of 250 days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Guam", "paragraph_text": "Guam's climate is characterized as tropical marine moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation. The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm). The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the rainy season. The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70–75 °F (21–24 °C) and low humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (36 °C) on April 18, 1971 and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was 65 °F (18 °C) on February 8, 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Climate of Salt Lake City", "paragraph_text": "January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 29.2 ° F (− 1.6 ° C). Salt Lake City's record low maximum temperature is 2 ° F (− 16.7 ° C), set on December 22, 1990, during an extended period of frigid Arctic air, and its overall record low temperature is − 30 ° F (− 34.4 ° C), set on February 9, 1933 during a historic cold air surge from the north. During spring, temperatures warm steadily and rapidly. Wintry weather is usually last experienced by early - to - mid April. Summery weather first arrives in early to mid May; the earliest 90 ° F (32.2 ° C) temperature on record was on May 2. Major cold fronts typically stop arriving in late May or early June.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Climate of New Zealand", "paragraph_text": "Daily maximum temperatures are normally in the mid to low 20s (° C) over most of the country. They are higher in northern, eastern and interior part of the country; Hastings is the warmest city on average with 25.5 ° C followed by Gisborne with 24.9 ° C and Napier with 24.5 ° C. Eastern parts of the South Island are highly susceptible to the norwester, a Fohn wind which can result in temperatures going into the high 30s and even the low 40s. Rangiora in Canterbury holds the record maximum of 42.4 ° C recorded in 1973, with Christchurch recording 41.6 ° C in that same year. More recently, Timaru reached 41.3 ° C on Waitangi Day in 2011. Due to these winds, the cooler southern cities of Dunedin and Invercargill have higher all - time record temperatures than places further north such as Wellington, Auckland and Whangarei.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Victoria (Australia)", "paragraph_text": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria. The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east-west through the centre of Victoria. Average temperatures are less than 9 °C (48 °F) in winter and below 0 °C (32 °F) in the highest parts of the ranges. The state's lowest minimum temperature of −11.7 °C (10.9 °F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965, and again at Falls Creek on 3 July 1970. Temperature extremes for the state are listed in the table below:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Its southerly, low lying and sheltered location ensures it is among the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) since 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Republic of Ireland", "paragraph_text": "The Atlantic Ocean and the warming influence of the Gulf Stream affect weather patterns in Ireland. Temperatures differ regionally, with central and eastern areas tending to be more extreme. However, due to a temperate oceanic climate, temperatures are seldom lower than −5 °C (23 °F) in winter or higher than 26 °C (79 °F) in summer. The highest temperature recorded in Ireland was 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) on 26 June 1887 at Kilkenny Castle in Kilkenny, while the lowest temperature recorded was −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) at Markree Castle in Sligo. Rainfall is more prevalent during winter months and less so during the early months of summer. Southwestern areas experience the most rainfall as a result of south westerly winds, while Dublin receives the least. Sunshine duration is highest in the southeast of the country. The far north and west are two of the windiest regions in Europe, with great potential for wind energy generation.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 105644, "question": "Which was the country for Covies?", "answer": "Ireland", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 161173, "question": "Where was #1 's highest temperature recorded?", "answer": "Kilkenny Castle in Kilkenny", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[ "Kilkenny Castle" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pine Lake State Park", "paragraph_text": "Pine Lake State Park is a state park of Iowa, US. The park comprises encompassing two lakes: Lower Pine Lake and Upper Pine Lake. The park is located near Eldora and Steamboat Rock.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved. This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state, South Carolina, becoming the last or second-to-last state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of \"last to join the Confederacy\" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Gravelly Lake", "paragraph_text": "Gravelly Lake is a lake located in Lakewood in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The lake is fed by groundwater and has no surface drainage channels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Elections in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Elections in the United States are held for government officials at the federal, state, and local levels. At the federal level, the nation's head of state, the President, is elected indirectly by the people of each state, through an Electoral College. Today, these electors almost always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of the federal legislature, the Congress, are directly elected by the people of each state. There are many elected offices at state level, each state having at least an elective Governor and legislature. There are also elected offices at the local level, in counties, cities, towns, townships, boroughs, and villages. According to a study by political scientist Jennifer Lawless, there were 519,682 elected officials in the United States as of 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Lake Union Park", "paragraph_text": "Lake Union Park is a 12 - acre (4.9 ha) park located at the south end of Lake Union in Seattle, Washington in the South Lake Union neighborhood. The park is owned by the City of Seattle and operated by Seattle Parks and Recreation. The park property was gradually acquired by the City, and the final 5 acres (2.0 ha) were transferred from the United States Navy to the City of Seattle on July 1, 2000. After renovation, the current park space officially opened on September 25, 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "South Carolina in the American Civil War", "paragraph_text": "On November 10, 1860 the S.C. General Assembly called for a ``Convention of the People of South Carolina ''to consider secession. Delegates were to be elected on December 6. The secession convention convened in Columbia on December 17 and voted unanimously, 169 - 0, to declare secession from the United States. The convention then adjourned to Charleston to draft an ordinance of secession. When the ordinance was adopted on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it had seceded from the United States. James Buchanan, the United States president, declared the ordinance illegal but did not act to stop it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Squam Lake", "paragraph_text": "Squam Lake is a lake located in the Lakes Region of central New Hampshire, United States, south of the White Mountains, straddling the borders of Grafton, Carroll, and Belknap counties. The largest town center on the lake is Holderness. The lake is located northwest of much larger Lake Winnipesaukee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Virginia in the American Civil War", "paragraph_text": "The Commonwealth of Virginia was a prominent part of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. As a slave - holding state, it held a state convention to deal with the secession crisis, and voted against secession on 4 April 1861. Opinion shifted after 15 April, when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln called for troops from all states still in the Union to put down the rebellion, following the capture of Fort Sumter, and the Virginia convention voted to declare secession from the Union. (In the Western counties, where there was little slavery, pro-Union sentiment remained strong, and they presently seceded from Virginia as a separate Union state, West Virginia.)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Richmond, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "On 17 April 1861, five days after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the legislature voted to secede from the United States and joined the Confederacy. Official action came in May, after the Confederacy promised to move its national capital to Richmond. The city was at the end of a long supply line, which made it somewhat difficult to defend, although supplies continued to reach the city by canal and wagon for years, since it was protected by the Army of Northern Virginia and arguably the Confederacy's best troops and commanders. It became the main target of Union armies, especially in the campaigns of 1862 and 1864-5.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Donald Trump won Wisconsin by a narrow margin of 47.2% to 46.5% for Hillary Clinton, thanks to overwhelming and underestimated support from white working class voters which the Democrats had previously had an advantage with, making him the first Republican candidate to carry the state since Ronald Reagan in 1984. On November 25, an irregularity was discovered by officials in Outagamie County, that resulted in the pre-official vote totals being reported incorrectly. This irregularity was due to a calculator error. It was corrected in the official vote totals. Following a statewide recount requested by Jill Stein's campaign, Trump was certified to have won Wisconsin by a narrow margin -- 1,405,284 votes to Clinton's 1,382,536.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Jinks Island", "paragraph_text": "Jinks Island () is an island lying north of Pickwick Island, in the Pitt Islands of the Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. Shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 after Mr. Jinks, a character in Charles Dickens' \"The Pickwick Papers\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Quake Lake", "paragraph_text": "Quake Lake (officially Earthquake Lake) is a lake in southwestern Montana in the United States. It was created after an earthquake struck on August 17, 1959, killing 28 people. Today, Quake Lake is deep and long. US 287 follows the lake and offers glimpses of the effects of the earthquake and landslide, and a visitor center is just off the road. The lake is mostly within Gallatin National Forest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Charles Dickens", "paragraph_text": "The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Known as ``The Pickwick Papers '') (Monthly serial, April 1836 to November 1837)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Town Line, New York", "paragraph_text": "Town Line is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 2,367 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community is located on the boundary between the towns of Lancaster and Alden. Town Line is notable for having held a nonbinding vote to secede from the United States in 1861, and for having held a ceremonial vote to rejoin the United States in 1946.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Pickwick Lake", "paragraph_text": "Pickwick Lake is the reservoir created by Pickwick Landing Dam as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority. The lake stretches from Pickwick Landing Dam to Wilson Dam.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Pickwick Dam, Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Pickwick Dam (also known as Pickwick Village) is an unincorporated community in Hardin County, Tennessee, United States. Pickwick Dam is located on the Tennessee River south of the Pickwick Landing Dam. Pickwick Dam has a post office with ZIP code 38365.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Illinois Freedom Bell", "paragraph_text": "The Illinois Freedom Bell is located in Mount Morris, Illinois, United States, and is the official freedom bell of the U.S. state of Illinois. The bell was created for a church in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin as a replica of the Liberty Bell in 1862. In 1910, while it was being moved across the frozen Geneva Lake following a fire at the church, the ice cracked and the bell sank to the bottom of the lake. It was salvaged in 1960 and the village of Mount Morris acquired it in 1966. The Illinois Freedom Bell is rung during the annual Let Freedom Ring festival, and it can be found beneath a gazebo on the village square. The bell has been credited with starting an Independence Day bell-ringing tradition across the United States. The bell was designated the official Illinois Freedom Bell in 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Confederate Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Confederate Arizona, commonly referred to as Arizona Territory, and officially the Territory of Arizona, was a territory claimed by the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, between 1861 and 1865. Delegates to secession conventions had voted in March 1861 to secede from the New Mexico Territory and the United States, and seek to join the Confederacy. It consisted of the portion of the New Mexico Territory south of the 34th parallel, including parts of the modern states of New Mexico and Arizona. Its capital was Mesilla along the southern border. The Confederate territory overlapped the Arizona Territory later established by the Union government in 1863.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Weston Lakes, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Weston Lakes is a city in Fort Bend County, Texas, United States. Residents voted to incorporate the community in an election held on May 10, 2008. At the time of incorporation, there were about 2,300 residents living in Weston Lakes. The population was 2,482 as of the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "paragraph_text": "On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the \"Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States\" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen articles, stated that the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality. However, based on the historical community of peoples, relations between them, given the bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the parties agreed to the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR by an overwhelming majority: 188 votes for, 6 against, 7 abstentions. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and recalled all Russian deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The legality of this act is the subject of discussions because, according to the 1978 Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian SFSR, the Russian Supreme Soviet had no right to do so. However, by this time the Soviet government had been rendered more or less impotent, and was in no position to object. Although the December 12 vote is sometimes reckoned as the moment that the RSFSR seceded from the collapsing Soviet Union, this is not the case. It appears that the RSFSR took the line that it was not possible to secede from an entity that no longer existed.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130914, "question": "What state is Pickwick Lake located?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 24607, "question": "When did #1 officially vote to secede?", "answer": "June 8, 1861", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus", "paragraph_text": "Independently of Castello and Coup, James Anthony Bailey had teamed up with James E. Cooper to create the Cooper and Bailey Circus in the 1860s. The Cooper and Bailey Circus became the chief competitor to Barnum's circus. As Bailey's circus was outperforming his, Barnum sought to merge the circuses. The two groups agreed to combine their shows on March 28, 1881. Initially named ``P.T. Barnum's Greatest Show On Earth, And The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and The Grand International Allied Shows United '', it was eventually shortened to`` Barnum and Bailey's Circus''. Bailey was instrumental in acquiring Jumbo, advertised as the world's largest elephant, for the show. Barnum died in 1891 and Bailey then purchased the circus from his widow. Bailey continued touring the eastern United States until he took his circus to Europe. That tour started on December 27, 1897, and lasted until 1902.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is \"People's Government of Nanjing City\" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Albert Zahn House", "paragraph_text": "The Albert Zahn House is located in Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Mount Bailey (Oregon)", "paragraph_text": "Mount Bailey is a relatively young tephra cone and shield volcano in the Cascade Range, located on the opposite side of Diamond Lake from Mount Thielsen in southern Oregon, United States. Bailey consists of a -high main cone on top of an old basaltic andesite shield volcano. With a volume of , Mount Bailey is slightly smaller than neighboring Diamond Peak. Mount Bailey is a popular destination for recreational activities. Well known in the Pacific Northwest region as a haven for skiing in the winter months, the mountain's transportation, instead of a conventional chairlift, is provided by snowcats—treaded, tractor-like vehicles that can ascend Bailey's steep, snow-covered slopes and carry skiers to the higher reaches of the mountain. In the summer months, a hiking trail gives foot access to Bailey's summit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Todd Karns", "paragraph_text": "Roscoe Todd Karns (January 15, 1921 -- February 5, 2000) was an American actor perhaps best remembered for playing Harry Bailey, the younger brother of George Bailey in the Christmas classic film It's a Wonderful Life.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "9th Empire Awards", "paragraph_text": "The 9th Empire Awards ceremony (officially known as the Sony Ericsson Empire Awards), presented by the British film magazine \"Empire\", honored the best films of 2003 and took place on 4 February 2004 at The Dorchester Hotel in London, England. During the ceremony, \"Empire\" presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as three honorary awards. The Lifetime Achievement Award was renamed to Career Achievement Award this year but was reverted to its former name at its next and last presentation. The ceremony was televised live in the United Kingdom by Sky Movies 1 with highlights and exclusive backstage interviews airing on Sky One Mix on 5 February. English actor Bill Bailey hosted the show for the first time. The awards were sponsored by Sony Ericsson for the second consecutive year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2017 Raleigh mayoral election", "paragraph_text": "The biennial nonpartisan election for the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina was held on Tuesday, Oct. 10, 2017. As no candidate won a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff was held on November 7, 2017, as requested by the second - place finisher, Charles Francis. Incumbent Mayor Nancy McFarlane defeated Francis in the runoff, winning a fourth term in office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bailey Gatzert", "paragraph_text": "Bailey Gatzert (December 29, 1829 – April 19, 1893) was an American politician and the eighth mayor of Seattle, Washington, serving from 1875 to 1876. He was the first Jewish mayor of Seattle, narrowly missing being the first Jewish mayor of a major American city (Moses Bloom became mayor of Iowa City, Iowa, in 1873), and has been the only Jewish mayor of Seattle to date.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Baileys of Balboa", "paragraph_text": "The Baileys of Balboa is an American sitcom that appeared on CBS in the 1964-1965 season on Thursdays at 9:30pm ET. The series lasted only one 26-episode season (due to its competition on Thursday nights with ABC's highly successful twice-weekly soap opera, \"Peyton Place\"). The show was directed by Gary Nelson and Bob Sweeney.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Baileys Irish Cream", "paragraph_text": "Baileys Irish Cream was created by Gilbeys of Ireland, a division of International Distillers & Vintners, as it searched for something to introduce to the international market. The process of finding a product began in 1971 and it was introduced in 1974 as the first Irish cream on the market. The Baileys name was granted permission by John Chesterman after Gilbeys asked to use the name from a restaurant that John Chesterman owned. The fictional R.A. Bailey signature was inspired by the Bailey's Hotel in London, though the registered trademark omits the apostrophe. Baileys is produced in Dublin and Mallusk (Northern Ireland).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Bailey (surname)", "paragraph_text": "Bailey is an occupational surname of English origin. Bailey is the 58th most common surname in England and is most commonly found in Jamaica.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Justin Bailey", "paragraph_text": "Justin Bailey (born July 1, 1995) is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Bailey grew up in Williamsville, New York, a suburb of Buffalo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Place the Face", "paragraph_text": "Place the Face is an American game show that aired on CBS and NBC from 1953 to 1955. The series was hosted by Jack Smith, Jack Bailey, and then Bill Cullen. Jack Narz was the announcer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cincinnati", "paragraph_text": "The present Mayor of Cincinnati is John Cranley. The nine-member city council is composed of Vice Mayor Christopher Smitherman and Councilmembers Tamaya Dennard (President Pro-Tem), David Mann, Amy Murray, Chris Seelbach, P.G. Sittenfeld, Greg Landsman, Jeff Pastor, and Wendell Young. The city manager is Harry Black, and the manager maintains two assistant city managers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "On Our Selection (1912 play)", "paragraph_text": "On Our Selection is a 1912 Australian play by Bert Bailey and Edmund Duggan based on the stories of Steele Rudd. Bailey played Dad Rudd in the original production.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "RuPaul's Drag Race", "paragraph_text": "RuPaul's Drag Race Genre Reality competition Directed by Nick Murray Judges RuPaul Merle Ginsberg Santino Rice Michelle Visage Billy Brasfield Ross Mathews Carson Kressley Theme music composer RuPaul Opening theme ``RuPaul's Drag Race ''theme (season 1 -- present) Ending theme`` Cover Girl (Put the Bass In Walk)'' (season 1) ``Jealous of My Boogie ''(season 2)`` Main Event'' (season 3) ``The Beginning ''(season 4 -- 5)`` Dance with U'' (season 6) ``Fly Tonight ''(season 7)`` Die Tomorrow'' (season 8) ``Be Someone ''&`` Kitty Girl'' (season 9) ``Rock It (To The Moon) ''(season 10) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 10 No. of episodes 118 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Fenton Bailey Randy Barbato Tom Campbell RuPaul Steven Corfe Pamela Post Mandy Salangsang Chris McKim Camera setup Multiple Running time 42 -- 60 minutes Production company (s) World of Wonder Distributor Passion Distribution Release Original network Logo VH1 Picture format NTSC 480i HDTV 1080i Original release February 2, 2009 (2009 - 02 - 02) -- present (present) Chronology Related shows RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars RuPaul's Drag U External links Website", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Fiddlin' Buckaroo", "paragraph_text": "The Fiddlin' Buckaroo is a 1933 American Western film directed by Ken Maynard and written by Nate Gatzert. The film stars Ken Maynard, Gloria Shea, Fred Kohler, Frank Rice, Jack Rockwell and Joseph W. Girard. The film was released on July 20, 1933, by Universal Pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Janine Kunze", "paragraph_text": "Janine Kunze (20 March 1974 in Cologne) is a German actress and presenter. She was and is active in many television series. Her breakthrough she achieve in the comedy series Hausmeister Krause – Ordnung muss sein. Later she was in the series Die Rote Meile, Balko, Barfuss, The Comedy Trap, Clueless Genius - The Comedy Arena and Extreme Activity to see. Her breakthrough achieved in the comedy series Die Dreisten Drei, in which she participated 2007 and 2008. There she replaced Mirja Boes. 2011 she moderated along with Daniel Aminati the second season of Die Alm.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Seattle", "paragraph_text": "Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people). Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members. Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 146310, "question": "In what place did Bailey Gatzert die?", "answer": "Seattle", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 16101, "question": "Who is the present mayor of #1 ?", "answer": "Ed Murray", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pinochle", "paragraph_text": "Pinochle (English: / ˈpiːnʌkəl /) or binocle (sometimes pinocle, or penuchle) is a trick - taking card game typically for two to four players and played with a 48 - card deck. It is derived from the card game bezique; players score points by trick - taking and also by forming combinations of cards into melds. It is thus considered part of a ``trick - and - meld ''category which also includes the game belote. Each hand is played in three phases: bidding, melds, and tricks. The standard game today is called`` partnership auction pinochle.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of heaviest bells", "paragraph_text": "The 216 - ton Russian Tsar Bell (also known as the Tsar Kolokol III) on display on the grounds of the Moscow Kremlin is the heaviest bell known to exist in the world today. However, a very large piece broke off from the Tsar Bell during a fire which engulfed the tower the bell was intended to be hung in, so this irreparably damaged bell has never been suspended or rung. The Tsar Bell can not be considered as the heaviest functioning bell in the world due to its inability to serve as a percussion instrument. Rather, it may be considered to be the largest bell, or at least the largest bell - shaped sculpture in the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cigar", "paragraph_text": "In Seven Years' War it is believed Israel Putnam brought back a cache of Havana cigars, making cigar smoking popular in the US after the American Revolution. He also brought Cuban tobacco seeds which he planted in the Hartford area of New England. This reportedly resulted in the development of the renowned Connecticut Wrapper.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Acacia cowleana", "paragraph_text": "Acacia cowleana, Halls Creek wattle, is a northern Australian native shrub. It is a flowering plant with yellow flowers that only open in winter. Its origin is the Northern Australia's dry tropics. It belongs to the genus of \"Acacia\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "History of South America", "paragraph_text": "In the last million years since the Late Miocene, South America became connected with the continent of North America via the Panama Block that closed the marine Bolivar Trough, leading to the Great American Interchange, the interchange of biota from both continents. The first species discovered to have made the northward migration was Pliometanastes, a fossil ground sloth species, roughly the size of a modern black bear. Several migrations to the Southern Hemisphere were undertaken by tougher, North American mammal carnivores; fewer species migrated in the opposite direction from south to north. The result of the intrusion of North American fauna was that hundreds of South American species became extinct in a relatively short time and that about 60% of present - day South American mammals have evolved from North American species. However, some species were able to adapt and spread into North America. Apart from Pliometanastes, during the Irvingtonian stage of the mammal land stages, around 1.9 Ma, species as Pampatherium, a giant armadillo, ground sloth Megatherium, giant anteater Myrmecophaga, a Neogene capybara (Hydrochoerus), Meizonyx, opossum Didelphis, and Mixotoxodon followed the route north. The terror bird Titanis was the only discovered South American carnivore species who made the journey into North America.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Echium plantagineum in Australia", "paragraph_text": "In the 1880s, it was introduced to Australia, probably both as an accidental contaminant of pasture seed and as an ornamental plant. Reportedly, both names for the plant derive from Jane Paterson or Patterson, an early settler of the country near Albury. She brought the first seeds from Europe to beautify a garden, and then could only watch helplessly as the weed infested previously productive pastures for many miles around.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Evolutionary history of plants", "paragraph_text": "Evidence for the appearance of the first land plants occurs in the Ordovician, around 450 million years ago, in the form of fossil spores. Land plants began to diversify in the Late Silurian, from around 430 million years ago, and the results of their diversification are displayed in remarkable detail in an early Devonian fossil assemblage from the Rhynie chert. This chert, formed in volcanic hot springs, preserved several species of early plants in cellular detail by petrification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "DZC '68", "paragraph_text": "DZC '68 is an amateur football club from Doetinchem, Netherlands. It was formed on 1 May 1968 and they play their home games at \"Sportpark Zuid\". They play in yellow jerseys with blue shorts and blue socks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Green", "paragraph_text": "Unfortunately for those who wanted or were required to wear green, there were no good vegetal green dyes which resisted washing and sunlight. Green dyes were made out of the fern, plantain, buckthorn berries, the juice of nettles and of leeks, the digitalis plant, the broom plant, the leaves of the fraxinus, or ash tree, and the bark of the alder tree, but they rapidly faded or changed color. Only in the 16th century was a good green dye produced, by first dyeing the cloth blue with woad, and then yellow with reseda luteola, also known as yellow-weed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Flowering plant", "paragraph_text": "Island genetics provides one proposed explanation for the sudden, fully developed appearance of flowering plants. Island genetics is believed to be a common source of speciation in general, especially when it comes to radical adaptations that seem to have required inferior transitional forms. Flowering plants may have evolved in an isolated setting like an island or island chain, where the plants bearing them were able to develop a highly specialized relationship with some specific animal (a wasp, for example). Such a relationship, with a hypothetical wasp carrying pollen from one plant to another much the way fig wasps do today, could result in the development of a high degree of specialization in both the plant(s) and their partners. Note that the wasp example is not incidental; bees, which, it is postulated, evolved specifically due to mutualistic plant relationships, are descended from wasps.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Saint Barthélemy", "paragraph_text": "Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773, Mexican cactus, stapelia gigantea, golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America, bougainvillea and others.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Vicia lutea", "paragraph_text": "Vicia lutea (yellow vetch, smooth yellow vetch) is a plant species of the genus \"Vicia\". It is native to Europe, western Asia, and North Africa, and it is known on other continents as an introduced species. It is an annual herb. It has leaves made up of several pairs of oblong or linear leaflets each 1 to 2 centimeters long. It produces solitary flowers or clusters of up to 3 flowers with yellow or purple-tinged corollas up to 3 centimeters in length.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Solar energy", "paragraph_text": "Greenhouses convert solar light to heat, enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate. Primitive greenhouses were first used during Roman times to produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius. The first modern greenhouses were built in Europe in the 16th century to keep exotic plants brought back from explorations abroad. Greenhouses remain an important part of horticulture today, and plastic transparent materials have also been used to similar effect in polytunnels and row covers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Pseudomonas jinjuensis", "paragraph_text": "Pseudomonas jinjuensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, single polar flagellated, yellow-white, rod bacterium isolated from soil in the Jinju Region of Korea. The type strain is LMG 21317.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)", "paragraph_text": "Years later, in the village of Villeneuve, Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances from Gaston, an arrogant former soldier. Lost in the forest, Belle's father Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle, but the Beast imprisons him for stealing a rose. Belle ventures out in search for him and finds him locked in the castle dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her take Maurice's place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Evolutionary history of plants", "paragraph_text": "By the middle of the Devonian, many of the features recognised in plants today were present, including roots and leaves. Late Devonian free - sporing plants such as Archaeopteris had secondary vascular tissue that produced wood and had formed forests of tall trees. Also by late Devonian, Elkinsia, an early seed fern, had evolved seeds. Evolutionary innovation continued into the Carboniferous and is still ongoing today. Most plant groups were relatively unscathed by the Permo - Triassic extinction event, although the structures of communities changed. This may have set the scene for the appearance of the flowering plants in the Triassic (~ 200 million years ago), and their later diversification in the Cretaceous and Paleogene. The latest major group of plants to evolve were the grasses, which became important in the mid-Paleogene, from around 40 million years ago. The grasses, as well as many other groups, evolved new mechanisms of metabolism to survive the low CO and warm, dry conditions of the tropics over the last 10 million years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Representative democracy", "paragraph_text": "The Roman Republic was the first government in the western world to have a representative government, despite taking the form of a direct government in the Roman assemblies. The Roman model of governance inspired many political thinkers over the centuries, and today's modern representative democracies imitate more the Roman than the Greek models because it was a state in which supreme power was held by the people and their elected representatives, and which had an elected or nominated leader. Representative democracy is a form of democracy in which people vote for representatives who then vote on policy initiatives as opposed to a direct democracy, a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly. A European medieval tradition of selecting representatives from the various estates (classes, but not as we know them today) to advise / control monarchs led to relatively wide familiarity with representative systems inspired by Roman systems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been \"booked\", the referee writing the player's name in his official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of \"unsporting behaviour\" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substituted player. Non-players such as managers and support staff cannot be shown the yellow or red card, but may be expelled from the technical area if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles", "paragraph_text": "In exchange for an entry fee of $2,500, the Bell - Wray group was awarded the assets of the failed Yellow Jackets organization. Drawing inspiration from the insignia of the centerpiece of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, specifically the National Recovery Act's ``blue eagle, ''Bell and Wray named the new franchise the Philadelphia Eagles, with Bell as president and general manager and Wray as head coach. Neither the Eagles nor the NFL officially regard the two franchises as the same, citing the aforementioned period of dormancy. The Eagles simply inherited the NFL rights to the Philadelphia area. Further, Wray and Bell assembled an almost entirely new team; only a single player from the 1931 Yellow Jackets ended up with the 1933 Eagles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Philadelphia Eagles", "paragraph_text": "The franchise was established in 1933 as a replacement for the bankrupt Frankford Yellow Jackets, when a group led by Bert Bell secured the rights to an NFL franchise in Philadelphia. Bell, Chuck Bednarik, Bob Brown, Brian Dawkins, Reggie White, Steve Van Buren, Tommy McDonald, Greasy Neale, Pete Pihos, Sonny Jurgensen, and Norm Van Brocklin have been inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 39198, "question": "Where was the plant yellow bell brought from?", "answer": "South America", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 93843, "question": "when did #1 take form that it has today", "answer": "In the last million years since the Late Miocene", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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